Health Science Journal of Thailand

Levels of Interest, Knowledge, and Awareness of Restaurant Operators and Community Enterprises on Legal Measures and Production Method of Cannabis-Containing Food

Usawadee Sutapuk, Theeraphong Tangjai — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study levels of interest in producing cannabis-containing food products and assess the knowledge and awareness of entrepreneurs and community enterprises on legal issues and production processes. The target groups were food and beverage entrepreneurs and community enterprises in Chiang Mai, who were 18 years old and older and have been in business for at least one year. Data was collected by interviewing or online questionnaire between February and April 2022. The results showed that the sample group consisted of 192 food and beverage operators (60.00%), and 128 community enterprises (40.00%). The respondents (42.50%) were interested in producing cannabis-containing food and beverage products, and entrepreneurs were interested more than community enterprises (46.87% and 35.94%, respectively). When analyzing the relationship using the chi-square test, there were statistically significant correlations between gender, age, and type of entrepreneurship to the interest in cannabis-containing products (p-value<0.050). In the knowledge of production method, it was found that more than 50 percent of the subjects were unaware of precautions of using cannabis parts for cooking and unknown how to cook cannabis-containing foods properly. The sample group had a moderate and appropriate level of consumer safety awareness (59.13 and 39.13%). For the safety of consumers, the research team has suggested that the government sector must give clear safety measures for the business of cannabis-containing foods, and the post-marketing surveillance should be regularly performed.

Development of Star Excursion Balance Test Kit

Sompiya Somthavil, Onuma Boonyarom — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The development of star excursion balance test (SEBT) kit is the development of equipment to assess practicing dynamic balance and conducting research as well as in physical fitness training, the prevention and treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation. It is an experimental research model. The researchers designed and built the SEBT kit and then compared the measurement results obtained using the developed kit with the results obtained using a floor-mounted tape-based SEBT, as well as assessing satisfaction of the developed SEBT kit of 60 healthy female and male volunteers aged 18 - 35. The dynamic balance of both legs was tested in 8 directions with both methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics describing general characteristics of the subjects, satisfaction score, and the SEBT test score. Paired Sample t-test was used to compare the results of both assessment methods. The dynamic balance test results showed no statistically significant differences for the left leg and the right leg in all directions between the developed SEBT kit and floor-mounted tape-based (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the developed SEBT kit can be used to test dynamic balance and users are satisfied with the developed SEBT kit at the highest level.

Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of 2-year follow-up pit and fissure sealant applied on permanent first molars of school children in Phatthalung. A real-world evidence study

Narupong Pakdee — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of 2-year follow-up pit and fissure sealants applied on permanent first molars (PFMs) of a total 1,781 students who had all 4 PFMs sound using percentage and relative risk (RR), and to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness/utility ratio (ICER/ICUR) of caries preventive effects and averted DALYs using an economics model and the standard cost of HITAP. The results showed that the caries incidence in children who received and did not receive sealant were 30.32% and 34.97%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.081), and the mean DMFT increments were 0.48 and 0.63, respectively, with statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.004). Pit and fissure sealants can prevent 23.80% of carious teeth. The ICER of averted caries was 3,033.95 Baht/tooth and 9,787.06 Baht/person. The ICUR of averted DALYs was 1,223,230.41 Baht/year. Within the study frame, pit and fissure sealants are not cost-effective compared to Thailand’s cost-effectiveness threshold.

Factors Related to Mortality among Patients with COVID-19 in the Intermediate Care Unit

Orawan Bootthumpan, Wasana Lavin, Porntip Yooyadmak — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that is spreading around the world. The symptoms were found to be asymptomatic, symptomatic, and severe; a severe symptom needs care in the ICU. In severe group, it had the highest mortality rate. This research aimed to study the association between SpO2 / FiO2 ratio (S/F ratio) and mortality in COVID-19 patients in the intermediate care unit. The 489 subjects were diagnosed as the COVID-19-infected. Data was designed as a retrospective and measured from 17 April to 30 September 2021. This research used the descriptive statistics and the Fisher’s exact test, and chi-square test to analyze the association between the S/F ratio and the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. The results revealed that 15 persons were dead. The sample groups were > 75 years (p-value <0.001), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥4 points (p-value <0.001), hypertension (p-value = 0.045), S/F ratio <150 (p-value = 0.014), and chronic kidney disease (p-value = 0.030) were associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. The results of this research were used as a guideline for applying the S/F ratio for emergency treatment in order to plan for nursing care and further care of patients.

Outcomes of Stroke Patient Care in Critical Phase at Ramadhibodi Chakri Naruebodindra Hospital

Chalida Keadphirom, Varanporn Panasittivana, Auyporn Gringram — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research was a retrospective descriptive study, aimed to study the outcomes of stroke patient care in critical phase. There were 163 stroke patients were selected by Purposive Sampling method as research samples. Retrospective data were studied from medical records of stroke patients admitted at Ramadhibodi Chakri Naruebodindra Hospital during 1^st October 2020 to 30^th September 2021. The results showed that 1) In terms of process, an average pre-hospital delay time was 22.49 hours (SD = 28.97), an average time of door to CT scan was 32.78 minutes (SD=32.43), an average time of door to CT scan result was 57.44 minutes (SD=43.38), an average time of door to lab report was 64.90 minutes (SD=42.89), an average time of door to Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen (rt-PA) was 53.50 minutes (SD=11.35), an average time of door to admitted was 127.20 minutes (SD=65.82), 2) In terms of care, comparing NIHSS score when first received and before discharge, it showed that there were an increase of 15.34% and a decrease of 55.83%. Comparing Barthel ADL Index when first received and before discharge showed that there were an increase of 33.74% and a decrease 6.75%. Percentages of patients received self-care information were 90.80 and 96.93. The LOS was 6.34 days.

Effects of Dietary Principles Applied Program with the DASH Diet Model Coupled with Family Participation on Blood Pressure among the Hypertensive Elderly in Phen District, Udon Thani Province

Waranya Khochagul, Worawut Chompoopan — Thu, 25 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to study the effectiveness of the application of dietary principles in the DASH diet program with family participation on blood pressure in hypertensive elderly people. The subjects were elderly people with hypertension, including the 35 participants in each group. There were 12 weeks in the trial. The experimental group was given the DASH diet with family involvement as an application of dietary concepts. The researchers also developed tools for evaluating behavior and knowledge, and they collected data on blood pressure both before and after the trial.

Independent t-test statistics for the between-group comparison and paired t-test statistics for the within-group comparison reached the statistical significance level of 0.05. After the experiment, it was found that the experimental group's systolic blood pressure decreased significantly to 18.39 mmHg, 95% CI (15.02 to 21.75), p-value<0.001. Similarly, the diastolic blood pressure decreased by 3.61 mmHg, 95% CI (1.27 to 5.93), p-value=0.002. The studies show that a program causes a decrease in blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. Therefore, the health care provider should be encouraged to implement the program.

Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Resistance Exercise on Balance Performance in Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Foot

Piyawan Plandee, Ratchanok Kraiwong — Thu, 25 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Exercise reduces the risk of hyperglycemia that causes complications of foot, which results in decreased balance performance. The research objective was to study the effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise (ACRE) to balance performance in diabetic patients with diabetic foot (DF), and analyzed for differences of data were using the statistics of one-way and two-way mixed analysis of variance. Results: Timed Up and Go test was improved which is statistically significant (p-value = 0.002), Five Times Sit to Stand test was improved which is statistically significant (p-value = 0.001), Ankle-brachial Index was increased which is statistically significant (p-value <0.05), Joint Position Sense test was improved which is statistically significant (p-value <0.05) and Range of Motion was increased which is statistically significant (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise significantly improve balance performance of diabetic patients with diabetic foot.

Prevalence and Related Factors of Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD) in Normal Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Inn-on Chanapan, Chitlada Phenglai, Wasana Lavin — Thu, 25 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The study of prevalence and the related factor of Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD) from 135 neonatal intensive care unit patients using the Neonatal Tissue Viability Risk Assessment Tool; NTV. The study found the IAD in 6 cases (4.40%). The severity was divided into Category 1 and Category 2 there are 3 cases per level. The area of IAD such as around the anus 6 cases (100%). The relationship between the factors was the gestational age of less than 32 weeks (p-value = 0.002), Birth weight ≤ 1,500 grams (p-value = 0.003), Length of stay in NICU of more than 20 days (p-value =0.003), and NTV points ≥ 20 (p-value = 0.002) It has a relationship with the complications of IAD by uncontrolled excretion. Skin assessments in the neonatal intensive care unit are important. Therefore, the healthcare team should make an important about caring for and treating critical illness.

Effectiveness of the Essential Oil from Green Peels of Kaffir Lime Fruits and Coconuts to Repel Mosquitoes

Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This pre-experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest design aimed to study the attitude, satisfaction, and effectiveness of the herbal mosquito repellent essential oil to repel mosquitoes using 30 volunteers living in Tha Ngio Subdistrict, Mueang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. These volunteers were provided with herbal essential oil, which was poured into an electric mosquito-repellent machine. The obtained herbal essential oil contained coconut oil and the oil from green peels of kaffir lime fruits extracted by the cold-pressed method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a mosquito bite record form. A paired sample t-test at a 0.05 level of significance was used to assess the differences in mosquito bite frequency before and during utilizing this herbal essential oil. The results showed that there were no allergic symptoms reported by our volunteers. For attitude and satisfaction towards using herbal mosquito repellent essential oil, volunteers had overall scores of both at high levels. A different analysis of mosquito bite frequency before and during utilizing herbal essential oil showed that before use, it had a high level (44.77 times a week), but during use, it showed a lower mosquito bite frequency (22.10 times a week). The decrease in mosquito bite frequency was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). This herbal mosquito repellent essential oil was safe and easy to follow, which could encourage people to produce it for their own use or lead to the development of mosquito repellent products in the future.

Alcohol Consumption Behaviors of Undergraduate Thai Students: A Systematic Review of the Literature 2018 – 2022

Kritpipat Pongsavee, Manida Manee-in — Tue, 06 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700

High alcohol consumption will have widespread negative effects on physical and mental health. According to the 2021 Alcohol Situation Report in Thai people, it was found that the proportion of alcohol drinking in the new drinkers (20-24 years) increases more than other population groups (53.30%). The objective of this study was to examined and compared the methodology, individual factors, popular types of alcoholic drinks, and reasons for drinking. As the studies of alcohol consumption behavior of undergraduate Thai students in the past 5 years (2018 - 2022). We used systematically searched through 5 electronic databases and determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After screening 318 records, eighteen studies were selected to data extracted. All eighteen studies were self-reports. four of the studies used alcohol harm screening tool. Participants reported that unpopular alcoholic beverage is liqueur and the main reason for drinking is socialization. Further studies of alcohol consumption behaviors should be using the alcohol harm screening tool and reasons for drinking should be analyzed by a qualitative study method.

Development of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention Model by Applying Artificial Intelligence and Community Participation for the elderly with Hypertension and Diabetes in The 11th Regional Health Area under the Ministry of Public Health

Sanpet Ruangaram, Pornsuk Hunnirun — Tue, 06 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research and development project aimed to study the situations, develop coronary heart disease prevention model applying artificial intelligence with participation of the communities, and evaluate satisfaction towards the use of developed model. The research samples were 326 elderly with hypertension and diabetes and 36 related people in the communities in the 11th Regional Health Area under the Ministry of Public Health during October 2022- March 2023. The research findings revealed that the situation in terms of knowledge ( ± SD; 0.74 ± 0.40) and behavior (2.42 ± 0.64) in preventing coronary heart disease of the samples was at a high level. At the second phase, after applying 2E2S2A activity through the application using the developed model, it found that the samples had a high level of knowledge (0.85 ± 0.35), and the behavior in preventing coronary heart disease (2.67 ± 0.10) was higher than before applying the developed model. The health outcomes were significantly better conditions of blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and body mass index (BMI). At the third phrase, it found that the satisfaction of samples towards the developed model was at the highest level (4.52 ± 0.23). The model could appropriately be applied in each context due to creation of understanding covering all health dimensions and ease of access. It also affected behavioral changes in preventing coronary heart disease with the emphasis of continuous participation of family and community.

Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA): Optimal Method for Analyzing Pre-post Data with Repeated Measures Two Groups under Experimental Design in Health Science Research

Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700

In health science research, measuring for two groups of pre-post data with repeated measures can be found in an experimental design, including randomized and quasi-experiments. Most of the aim was to evaluate and compare the interesting outcome that was affected differently between the intervention and control groups. Numbers of statistical methods have been adopted for analyzing these kinds of research, but most researchers are still confused about utilizing information to make decisions about choosing the optimal method. This may cause misunderstandings that affect the accuracy and certainty of the results. Therefore, the objective of this article is to introduce and synthesize the six statistical methods for analyzing pre-post data with repeated measures in two groups, including (1) comparing of pre-post data with a t-test, (2) one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) with post-outcome, (3) one-way ANOVA with change score, (4) one-way ANOVA with percent changes, (5) repeated measures ANOVA, and (6) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results found that ANCOVA is a simple and efficient approach for analyzing pre-post data with repeated measures in two groups compared with other methods, especially in randomized design. In a quasi-experimental design, the cluster or hierarchy distribution of the characteristics is an issue that should be considered before being allocated to the group. However, there it is still necessary to report of the results of each assumption examination and comprehensively reporting of study results consistent with research questions.