Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development (JMARD)

Editorial

Nitida Sangsingkeo — 2025-12-26

การจัดการภาวะวิกฤต งานที่(อาจ)ไม่เคยพร้อม

Tavida Kamolvej — 2025-12-26

Generalizability Coefficients for Measuring Coding Competencies of 9th Grade Students with the Application of Generalizability Theory

Pimnamphueng Wannasam — 2025-12-26

The generalizability coefficient ensures the reliability of test results when measured under varying conditions, such as different test items, different raters, or other differing circumstances. The purpose of this research was to validate tasks for measuring coding competency for 9^th grade students with the application of generalizability theory. The sample consists of 90 9^thgrade students from Chumphon province, selected through a multi-stage random sampling. Two facets were investigated, and the r : ( p x i ) design was adopted, where p denotes student component (90 students), i denotes task (4 tasks), and r denotes rater (3 raters). Experimental instruments were scoring criteria and tasks to measure coding competency. Statistics used in data included variance component analysis under the generalizability theory. The results showed that the interrater reliability coefficients among the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd raters were .991, .994, and .997, respectively. According to the variance component, the highest source of variability was the student within the examiners for both non-computerized and computerized coding performance assessments (91.5% and 90.7%, respectively). The estimation of generalizability coefficients suggested acceptable reliability coefficients for the relative and absolute decision of non-computerized coding and computerized coding (= .7612 and .7557, = .7612 and .7557, respectively). It is concluded that students should be assigned two tasks each for both non-computer-based and computer-based formats, evaluated by a single rater.

Guidelines for Early Childhood Education Curriculum Management in Schools under the Loei Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 Based on the Holistic Student Development Approach

Chatwilai Surinchopoo — 2025-12-26

This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology with the objectives of (1) studying the current and desired conditions of early childhood education curriculum management in schools under the Loei Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, based on the holistic child development concept, and (2) identifying best practices for curriculum management in this context. The sample consisted of 113 participants—school administrators, deputy administrators, and early childhood teachers—selected through stratified random sampling followed by simple random sampling. Research instruments included content analysis forms, questionnaires, structured interviews, focus group discussion records, and validation checklists. The questionnaires showed a reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of 0.906, and the structured interview had a reliability coefficient of 0.916. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, content analysis, and inductive analysis. The results showed that: (1) The current condition of curriculum management was at a moderate level, with the effectiveness of child development rated highest. The desired condition was at the highest level overall, with curriculum management factors deemed most critical. (2) Best practices indicated that administrators and teachers collaboratively implemented a five-step process: administration, planning and development, instructional management, monitoring and evaluation, and personnel development. (3) The developed curriculum management guidelines consisted of five key components, which were evaluated as highly accurate, appropriate, and feasible. These guidelines support holistic child development across physical, emotional, social, and cognitive domains.

The Administrative Model to Promote Quality School Through Management by Objectives of Nawamintharachinuthit Triamudomsuksapattanakarn School

Sittipong Pannak — 2025-12-26

This research aims to develop, examine, and evaluate the administrative model to promote quality school through management by objectives of Nawamintharachinuthit Triamudomsuksapattanakarn School. The key informants in the research were experts with experience in the educational administration. They were obtained by purposive sampling, totaling 9 people. A semi-structured interview was used as the research instrument. Data, collected through in-depth interviews, was analyzed using content analysis, with expert consensus on the model evaluation determined by percentages.

The research results found that 1) the administrative model to promote quality school through management by objectives of Nawamintharachinuthit Triamudomsuksa-pattanakarn School (SAPE Model) consists of 4 parts: principles of the model, objectives of the model, methods of model operation, and evaluation of the model performance. The methods of model operation have 4 steps: Step 1: Set a Goal, Step 2: Action planning, including management quality development, leadership quality development, student quality development, and learning resource quality development, Step 3: Periodic reviews, and Step 4: Performance evaluation. 2) The results of the administrative model inspection and evaluation by experts in terms of feasibility, utility, propriety, and accuracy were evaluated in all aspects, achieving scores ranging from 88.88% to 100%.

Factors Influencing the Success of Obtaining Academic positions of Lecturers in Computer-related Fields at Prince of Songkla University

Ketwadee Kojarern — 2025-12-26

This study aims to investigate factors influencing the success of obtaining academic positions and to identify the relationship between personal and environmental factors. The sample consisted of 79 full-time lecturers in computer-related fields at Prince of Songkla University, selected through mixed sampling combining purposive sampling and convenience sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the most significant personal factors were the preparation of academic works (mean = 4.38, S.D. = 0.68) and self-development in academic skills (mean = 3.62, S.D. = 0.99), particularly selecting appropriate publication outlets and recognizing the value of academic contributions. The findings also discovered the 3 most significant key environmental factors including the efficiency of the appointment (mean = 3.81, S.D. = 0.88), policy support from the university (mean = 3.65, S.D. = 0.87), and physical resources and support (mean = 3.52, S.D. = 0.95). The correlation analysis between personal factors and environmental factors overall showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.47, indicating a moderate relationship. However, when examining the relationships between subfactors of both groups, no clear relationships were found between the subfactors of the two groups.

Causal Relationships of Factors Affecting Social Entrepreneurship

Atchara Choomputhan — 2025-12-26

This research aimed to examine the causal factors influencing social entrepreneurship. The intention to become a social entrepreneur plays a crucial role in managing businesses that pursue sustainable social goals. Guided by relevant theories, this study investigated four variables: entrepreneurial self-efficacy, social support, entrepreneurial education, and social entrepreneurship. Data were collected through questionnaires from 316 entrepreneurs across the country who had received business training from governmental agencies. The sample size was determined for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

The findings revealed that the most influential factor on social entrepreneurship was entrepreneurial education, which exerted the highest direct effect (DE = .825*). The structural equation model could explain 68.00% of the variance in social entrepreneurship (R² = 0.68), indicating a high explanatory power. The second most influential factor was entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which had a significant direct effect (DE = .464*). The least influential factor was social support, which showed an indirect effect (IE = .171*). Although social support did not have the strongest direct impact, it still played an important role through indirect mechanisms, such as motivation and opportunities.

Technology Acceptance and Factors Affecting Consumer Decision-Making in Using Motorcycle On-site Repair Services

Watcharapong Sangsai — 2025-12-26

This research aims to study (1) the acceptance of technology in motorcycle on-site repair services and (2) behavioral factors influencing the decision to use such services among undergraduate students at Naresuan University, located within the university community area of Phitsanulok Province. A total of 219 participants were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to test the research hypotheses.

Results indicated a high level of perceived usefulness in technology acceptance, whereas perceived ease of use was moderate. Behavioral factors including service demand, perceived pricing, service type, and payment method significantly influenced the decision to use motorcycle on-site repair services (p < .05). In contrast, decision confidence, preferred service timing, and service access channels were not statistically significant. The regression model explained 66.3% of the variance in service usage decisions (Adjusted R² = .663), indicating strong predictive validity.

Types of Food Packaging, Knowledge about Environmental Impacts, and Attitudes toward the Use of Eco-friendly Packaging among Street Food Vendors around Primary Schools in Urban Areas

Phannasit Thiamthan — 2025-12-26

This study examines the types of food packaging used by street food vendors around primary schools in urban areas of Ubon Ratchathani province. The study selected the top three schools with the largest number of teachers and students in the Ubon Ratchathani Municipality, which were Ubon Ratchathani Kindergarten, Ubon Wittayakom School, and Wat Sri Ubonrattanaram Foundation School. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included general information such as the type of food sold, the type of packaging used, knowledge about the environmental impacts of plastic packaging, and attitudes toward packaging choices among 70 street vendors around the school area from 70 street vendors in September 2023. The results showed that the most common type of food sold was beverages, accounting for 29.5%. The most frequently used type of packaging was plastic bags with handles, at 77.1%, followed by plastic handle bags for cups at 41.4%. On average, stores used 119.91 plastic packaging items per day (SD = 32.73). Most purchased these from general grocery stores, accounting for 27.1%, with an average purchase price of 151 baht per time (SD = 46.87). The sample group had the highest level of knowledge about the environmental impact of plastic packaging, at 82.9%. Additionally, 85.7% knew that paper packaging is environmentally friendly, but 62.9% lacked knowledge about the fact that burning plastic packaging causes air pollution. The attitude of the sample group was at a very good level, accounting for 68.6%, with the view that reducing plastic use is important. However, they still felt that environmentally friendly products are difficult to find (61.4%). It is recommended that the government should implement policies to promote the use of biodegradable or recyclable packaging and provide more education to street vendors about environmentally friendly packaging.

Policy Framework Guidelines for Management of Community-Based Ecotourism in the Kaeng Lawa Wetlands, Khon Kaen Province

Putthasak Kumjorn — 2025-12-26

This study aims to examine community participation and the support provided by relevant agencies and to propose policy framework guidelines for management of community-based ecotourism in the Kaeng Lawa wetlands, Khon Kaen Province. A qualitative research approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews with 31 participants, consisting of 20 community members, 8 government officials, and 3 private sector representatives.

The findings reveal that community participation in ecotourism management remains limited, particularly in terms of decision-making and genuine involvement in implementation processes. Although various forms of support have been provided by relevant agencies such as environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and community economic development, there is still a lack of clear policy frameworks at the local level. To address these gaps and to foster collaboration and integrated planning among stakeholders, this study proposes six policy framework guidelines: (1) participatory management, (2) capacity building and skill development of the community, (3) equitable benefit distribution, (4) collective evaluation and learning, (5) cultivation of local identity and awareness, and (6) network collaboration. This policy framework can serve as a valuable reference for policymakers in decision-making and planning processes for community-based ecotourism in the Kaeng Lawa wetlands, Khon Kaen Province.

Voices from the Risk: Framework of Subjective Green Quality of Life amidst Risks in Bangkok’s Last Seafront

Pychaniphat Wichaino — 2025-12-26

Amidst the current risk-laden urban society of Bangkok, this research article explores risk as a socially constructed phenomenon shaped through subjective perceptions, moving beyond institutionalized risk perceptions imposed through political power. We integrate risk perception with an understanding of subjectively interpreted green quality of life, which is interwoven with the risk situation of coastal erosion in Bang Khun Thian. In this context, risk contributes to shaping the quality of life of local residents. This study uses qualitative research, drawing upon documentary research and semi-structured interviews with five residents living along the Bang Khun Thian coastline. The study integrates sociological perspectives on quality of life with Beck’s risk theory. To fully operationalize Beck’s risk theory, it is essential to consider micro-level experiences that are embedded in and shaped by spatial contexts. The research findings reveal that the prevailing risks have shaped the formation of subjective quality of life, encompassing the capacity to perceive risks, the ability to aspire to coexist with risks, and the skills necessary for living within the same ecological system. We propose that Beck’s risk theory remains a powerful framework for explaining and uncovering the socio-political processes that emerge in response to risk. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of incorporating local experiences into the analysis, which enhances our understanding of how risks permeate the everyday lives of individuals.

Identity and the New Normal in COVID-19 Short Stories

Ananya Wareesa-aad — 2025-12-26

This study examines the narrative identity of COVID-19-inspired the short stories, focusing on the role they play in influencing changes in social behavior. Thirty-seven COVID-19 genre short stories were analyzed using content analysis. To examine the impact of the pandemic resulting from engagement with short stories particularly on society and behavioral change, the data were collected through a survey of literature and literary criticism students at Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University, as well as Thai language teachers in Nakhon Sawan Province.

The findings indicate that the narrative identity of COVID-19-inspired short stories were written by raising awareness of social realities during the pandemic. The power of discourse and the counter-discourse against the “new normal” significantly influenced the authors and played a crucial role in short stories. These stories can be categorized into three groups: (1) stories that employ the discourse of the new normal theme as their conceptual framework; (2) stories that reproduce the new normal discourse through the theme of safety culture; and (3) stories emphasizing social solidarity, showing the discourse that unity serves as a force to overcome the new normal crisis. The first two categories demonstrate positive behavioral changes toward the acceptance of the new normal, correspond to the views of participants, who expressed increased hope and encouragement after engaging the stories’ messages. If the “new normal” is portrayed as an abnormality that presents through the identity of despair characters, it constitutes a discursive act that generates negative sentiment toward the concept of the new normal. This corresponds to the participants’ perceptual responses, which shifted in a negative direction or reflected a sense of despair.