เธ™เธดเธžเธ™เธ˜เนŒเธ•เน‰เธ™เธ‰เธšเธฑเธš Original Articles
8
Dermatologic Clinical Exposure
in Sixth-Year Siriraj Medical
Students Based on Thai Medical
Competency Assessment Criteria
for National License
Abstract
Objective: To investigate dermatologic clinical exposure in sixth-year Siriraj medical students based on Thai Medical Competen-
cy Assessment Criteria for National License.
Methods: The present study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol
University, Thailand. Dermatology clinical clerkship self-records from sixth-year medical students were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: A total of 285 students were included in this study. Of 18 โ€˜must knowโ€™ conditions, the mean number of diseases
perceived by medical students was 11.3. Acne, eczema, alopecia and urticaria were seen by more than 80% of medical
students, while impetigo, scabiasis and pediculosis were detected by less than 40% of medical students. As to 10 โ€˜should
knowโ€™ conditions, the mean number of diseases perceived by medical students was 4.3. Only papulosquamous disorders
were seen by more than 80% of medical students. Drug eruption, bullous dermatoses, carbuncle and erythemanodusum
were observed by less than 40% of medical students. Mean percentages of the number of observed conditions were
signi๎šฐcantly different between โ€˜must knowโ€™ and โ€˜should knowโ€™ conditions (62.7% vs. 43.2%, respectively; p<0.001).
Conclusion: The majority of medical of students can observe โ€˜must knowโ€™ conditions and less than half of โ€˜should knowโ€™ condi-
tions were perceived by medical students during dermatology clinical clerkship. Instructors need to ๎šฐnd teaching strategies to
complement gaps on learning unrecognized diseases.
Keywords: Dermatology; medical students; clinical exposure; Thai Medical Competency Assessment Criteria
๎˜ฒ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜„๎˜–๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎˜Ž๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜Ÿ๎˜•๎˜•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ˆ๎˜„๎˜–๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‰๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜‘๎˜„๎˜‰๎˜๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‰๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜„๎˜ˆ๎˜‰๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜„๎˜š๎˜š๎˜„๎˜”๎˜„๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜‡๎˜Ž๎˜„๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜’๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜„๎˜”๎˜‡๎˜Ž๎˜„๎˜’๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎˜Ž๎˜„๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎™น๎™‘๎ €๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฃ๎˜Ž๎˜„๎˜Ÿ๎˜„๎˜ˆ๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎˜Ž๎˜„๎˜๎˜Ÿ๎˜„๎˜†๎˜›๎˜š๎˜˜๎™น๎™‘๎ €๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜๎˜“๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜„๎˜š๎˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜๎˜„๎˜”๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜„๎˜”๎˜‡๎˜Ž๎˜„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜†๎˜„๎˜š๎˜“๎˜„๎˜๎˜š๎˜Ž๎˜„๎˜๎™น๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜„๎˜”๎˜„๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ข๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Ÿ๎˜„๎˜˜๎˜„๎˜š๎˜„๎˜œ๎˜‰๎˜๎™น
*Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, ** Division of Dermatology, Suddhavej
Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
Correspondence to: Jidapa Reungkaew E-mail: jidapa26@hotmail.com
Received: 3 March 2020 Revised: 16 November 2020 Accepted: 24 November 2020
http://dx.doi.org/10.33192/Simedbull.2021.02
๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎˜„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‰๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜‡๎˜„๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ข๎˜›๎˜’๎˜’๎˜‰๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ฟ๎˜ป๎˜ฟ๎˜พ๎™’๎˜พ๎™๎™ฃ๎˜พ๎™ค๎™๎™…๎™‰๎˜พ๎˜ฟ
เน€เธงเธŠเธšเธฑเธ™เธ—เธถเธเธจเธด เธฃเธดเธฃเธฒเธŠ Siriraj Medical Bulletin
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๎œด๎œฟ๎๎๎œณ๎œ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎œž๎Ÿ•๎œ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎‹๎œฟ๎Ÿ’๎œพ๎œธ๎œฟ๎Ÿด๎Ÿ—๎œฑ๎ˆ๎œจ๎œฅ๎€๎Ÿ๎œธ๎Ÿ๎œ
๎œŸ๎ƒ๎œจ๎œธ๎Ÿ”๎œ๎œฆ๎Ÿ–๎œ๎œต๎ˆ๎Œ๎œผ๎œฑ๎œพ๎Ÿ•๎œฆ๎Ÿ๎œฟ๎Ÿ๎œฟ๎ˆ๎œ ๎œ ๎Ÿ”๎Ÿฎ๎œธ๎œด๎Ÿก ๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎˜ƒ๎™ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎‹๎œ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎œพ๎‚๎œ๎Ÿ”๎œณ๎๎œฟ๎œฅ๎œบ๎Ÿ๎‚๎…๎œธ๎Ÿ”๎œจ๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎œ๎Ÿ‘๎ˆ๎…๎œธ๎œฎ๎œฏ๎ˆ๎œถ๎‹๎œ๎œž๎œค๎Ÿ•
๎œฅ๎‚๎ˆ๎œถ๎œฟ๎Ÿด๎Ÿ—๎œฅ๎‚๎ˆ๎œถ๎๎ˆ๎œถ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎œ—๎Ž๎œธ๎œ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎œด๎œฟ๎๎‹๎œถ๎Ÿ๎œธ
๎‹๎œผ๎Ÿ“๎Ÿช๎ƒ๎œฟ๎Ÿ”๎œณ๎Ž๎œณ๎ƒ๎œธ๎Ÿณ๎œ›๎ˆ๎œฏ๎‹๎œด๎Ÿง ๎œธ๎œบ๎Ÿด๎Ÿ—๎œด๎œฟ๎๎œ๎ƒ๎œณ๎‚๎Ÿ๎œ ๎ˆ๎œ ๎Ÿ’๎œผ
๎‹๎‚๎œ ๎œ๎œฟ๎œฟ๎œถ๎œŸ๎ƒ๎œจ๎Œ๎œผ๎œฑ๎œพ๎๎œ๎ˆ
๎œณ๎œฑ๎œฅ๎Ÿ”๎œฎ๎œพ๎ŸŒ๎ƒ
๎œช๎Ÿณ๎œฎ๎œด๎œฟ๎๎๎œจ๎œฅ๎Ÿ•๎™๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎œ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎ˆ๎œ•๎›จ๎œ๎œ—๎›จ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œข๎›ผ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ‹๎œ—๎œ†๎œ—๎œ†๎œ•๎›ซ๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜
๎‚๎Ÿ๎œฒ๎Ÿ’๎œ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎œฆ๎Ÿ–๎œ๎œต๎ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎œ…๎ˆ๎œ๎›ผ๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›บ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎›ถ๎œ“๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ‹๎œ•๎œ๎›ธ๎œ†๎‹๎œ‹๎œ—๎œ†๎œ—๎œ†๎œ•๎›ซ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎˜ƒ๎œ„๎œŽ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ”๎œ…๎œ„๎œŽ๎œ—๎›ท๎œˆ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ฉ๎œ“๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ
๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ๎œ„๎œ›๎›ท๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎›จ๎œ•๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜
๎œบ๎€๎œ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎œฆ๎Ÿ–๎œ๎œต๎ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ธ๎œ†๎›จ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ท๎œŸ๎œˆ๎œš๎œ๎›ข๎›บ๎œ”๎œจ๎›จ๎œ๎œ—๎œจ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎›ข๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œŠ๎œ…๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎˜ƒ๎œ„๎œ˜๎›ฅ๎‡๎œ•๎œŸ๎›ช๎œˆ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…
๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œ„๎œ•๎›ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒยฑ ๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œ๎œ—๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎œ๎›ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ“๎›ฟ๎œ„๎œ†๎‡๎œŠ๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œˆ๎œ„๎œ๎œ—๎œŒ๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•
๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ„๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ๎œ›๎œ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ธ๎œ—๎›ท๎œŸ๎›ซ๎œš๎œจ๎œ๎œ ๎›ฝ๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›ธ๎œš๎œจ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŽ๎œ—๎›ท๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜’๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎›ฅ๎‡๎œ•๎œŸ๎›ช๎œˆ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œ„๎œ•๎›ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒยฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œ„๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ
๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™Ž๎™‘๎™•๎™“๎™—๎™ƒ๎™๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ„๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œ„๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ„๎œ˜๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ“๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎œ ๎œ๎ˆ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ
๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ธ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎›ผ๎œฌ๎œจ๎œ•๎œ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎œƒ๎œœ๎œ„๎œ—๎›ฅ๎œ›๎ˆ๎œ„๎›ข๎œ”๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ€๎œฟ๎œ€๎Œ๎›ข๎›ฝ๎œ”๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™”๎™›๎™–๎™Š๎™‡๎™๎™ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™‘๎™†๎™‘๎™•๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ„๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎‡๎œ•๎›จ๎œ„๎œ˜๎›ผ๎œ”๎œ…
๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ฎ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œˆ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ท๎œ”๎›ฝ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜’๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎˜“๎˜‹
๎๎œฟ๎Ÿณ๎œด๎™๎˜ƒ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎˜ƒ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œข๎œŽ๎›ฎ๎‡๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ…๎œœ๎‡๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎›ธ๎‡๎œ„๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎›ข๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œข๎œŽ๎›ฎ๎‡
๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ…๎œœ๎‡๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ๎›ท๎œ”๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ™๎›จ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œŽ๎œ•๎œ ๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›บ๎œ•๎›จ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎‡๎›จ๎œŸ๎œ๎œ†๎œ—๎œ„๎œข๎œŽ๎ˆ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›บ๎œ›๎›ข๎›ฅ๎›ผ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŽ๎œ†๎œš๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ
๎œฅ๎Ÿ‘๎ˆ๎๎Ÿ‘๎ˆ๎œฅ๎Ÿ”๎œ›๎™ ๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ถ๎‹๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›บ๎œ•๎›จ๎›ฅ๎œˆ๎œ—๎›ผ๎œ—๎›ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ•๎œ†๎›น๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ„๎œ—๎›ผ๎œŸ๎œ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œข๎›ฝ๎œ๎›ผ๎œ›๎›ฎ๎œ•๎›ธ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎›ข๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ซ๎œ˜๎œ
๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎›ข๎œ†๎œ†๎œ„๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•
๎œฟ๎Ÿณ๎ŸŒ๎œจ๎œธ๎œ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎ƒ๎œจ๎ƒ๎œพ๎Ÿด๎ŸŒ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎œช๎Ÿ๎œฎ๎ˆ๎œ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ๎‹๎œฟ๎Ÿ“๎ƒ๎œจ๎Œ๎œ๎Ÿ—๎‚๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎‹๎œผ๎Ÿ™๎œ›๎‚๎œฎ๎Ÿ’๎˜ƒ๎œผ๎Ÿ”๎œฐ๎œธ๎œด๎œฟ๎Ÿ’๎œ ๎ˆ๎œ๎Ÿณ๎€๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ”๎œž๎…๎Ÿ•๎œ ๎€๎Ÿ๎œฏ๎˜ƒ๎œ—๎œธ๎ƒ๎œถ๎œ๎Ÿ๎œฏ๎œฏ๎Ÿ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œ›๎ˆ๎œฎ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎Ÿ”๎œพ๎œณ๎Ÿณ๎œฏ๎œฟ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎œฟ๎Ÿ”๎œจ๎๎Ÿ๎œถ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ๎œฟ๎œฏ๎Ÿ๎‚๎œจ๎œฆ๎Ÿ•๎‚๎œฟ๎œฟ๎œž๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎๎œฟ๎œฟ๎œ›๎œ ๎Ÿ”๎œพ๎˜ƒ๎๎œถ๎œณ๎Ÿ”๎œฏ๎Ÿ๎๎…๎œถ๎๎œฑ๎œพ๎™น๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎๎Ÿณ๎œถ๎œธ๎Ÿ”๎๎˜ƒ๎œณ๎Ÿณ๎œž๎œพ๎๎œฟ๎Ÿ”๎œฏ๎‹๎‚๎œ ๎™น๎˜ƒ
*เธ เธฒเธ„เธงเธดเธŠเธฒเธ•เธˆเธงเธดเธ—เธขเธฒ เธ„เธ“เธฐเนเธžเธ—เธขเธจเธฒเธชเธ•เธฃเนŒเธจเธดเธฃเธดเธฃเธฒเธŠเธžเธขเธฒเธšเธฒเธฅ เธกเธซเธฒเธงเธดเธ—เธขเธฒเธฅเธฑเธขเธกเธซเธดเธ”เธฅ, **เธชเธฒเธ‚เธฒเธงเธดเธŠเธฒเธ•เธˆเธงเธดเธ—เธขเธฒ เน‚เธฃเธ‡เธžเธขเธฒเธšเธฒเธฅเธชเธธเธ—เธ˜เธฒเน€เธงเธŠ เธ„เธ“เธฐเนเธžเธ—เธขเธจเธฒเธชเธ•เธฃเนŒ
เธกเธซเธฒเธงเธดเธ—เธขเธฒเธฅเธฑเธขเธกเธซเธฒเธชเธฒเธฃเธ„เธฒเธก
เธ™เธดเธžเธ™เธ˜เนŒเธ•เน‰เธ™เธ‰เธšเธฑเธš Original Articles
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๎œณ๎œฑ๎œธ๎Ÿ‘๎ˆ
๎˜ƒ ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›พ๎Œ๎›ฎ๎œŽ๎œ•๎›บ๎œ•๎›จ
๎œ๎œ•๎›ป๎œ•๎œ†๎›ถ๎œ๎œ›๎›ฃ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ฎ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ‹๎œฃ๎›บ๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ„๎œ˜๎œ๎œ›๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ถ๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ
๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œ„๎œ•๎›ถ๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎›ธ๎‡๎œ•๎›จ๎œฅ๎˜ƒ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œก๎œ†๎›จ
๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ‹๎œ—๎œ†๎œ—๎œ†๎œ•๎›ซ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎›น๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ„๎œ•๎›ป๎œ—๎›ฝ๎›ท๎œ˜๎˜ƒ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎œ๎›น๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ
๎›ธ๎›ธ๎œ—๎œ…๎œƒ๎œœ๎œ„๎œ—๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ†๎œ›๎›จ๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ๎œ„๎œŽ๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ฅ๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎›ฅ๎œš๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ธ๎œ—๎›ท๎œŸ๎›ซ๎œš๎œจ๎œ
๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œŸ๎œ๎ˆ๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎›ฃ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎œˆ๎œฆ๎›ฝ๎˜ƒ๎›ธ๎‡๎œ๎œ„๎œŸ๎œŽ๎›จ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎˜ƒ๎›ธ๎‡๎œ๎œ„๎œฃ๎›ฃ
๎œ„๎œ”๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œ†๎œ๎œ…๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œข๎›ผ๎›ซ๎‡๎œ๎›จ๎›พ๎œ•๎›ข๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›พ๎Œ๎›ฎ๎œŽ๎œ•๎œŸ๎›ข๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎œŠ๎›ข๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œ๎œ˜๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜๎˜–๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎œข๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎›ซ๎œ›๎œ„๎›ซ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ
๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ†๎œข๎›ผ๎œŽ๎œ„๎œœ๎‡๎›ฝ๎ˆ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ๎œ•๎›ฉ๎œ ๎›ธ๎›ข๎›ธ๎‡๎œ•๎›จ๎›ข๎œ”๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎›จ๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎œ”๎œ…๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ„๎œŽ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ”๎œ…
๎›ฃ๎œ๎›ผ๎œ ๎›ข๎‡๎›ผ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ‹๎œ†๎œ˜๎›ผ๎›ฅ๎œ†๎œ—๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ†๎‹๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎œš๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ
๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ซ๎›ผ๎œ—๎›ท๎œ ๎œ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ”๎œ„๎›ฟ๎œ”๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™…๎™‘๎™๎™–๎™ƒ๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜’๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ
๎›ธ๎‡๎œ๎œ„๎œฃ๎›ฃ๎œ„๎œ”๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™ƒ๎™…๎™‡๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™Ž๎™ƒ๎™๎™†๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™’๎™”๎™—๎™”๎™‹๎™–๎™—๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ƒ๎™๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™‡๎™Ž๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‡๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™‘๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜’๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ
๎›ซ๎œ›๎œ„๎›ซ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎œš๎œ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ•๎›ข๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™›๎™–๎™‘๎™•๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎œ๎›ฝ
๎›ซ๎›ผ๎œ—๎›ท๎œ ๎œ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ”๎œ„๎›ฟ๎œ”๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™…๎™‘๎™๎™–๎™ƒ๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜’๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎œƒ๎œœ๎œ„๎œ—๎œ ๎œ๎ˆ
๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™’๎™‹๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜’๎˜๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜—
๎˜ƒ ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฅ๎›ถ๎œ“
๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ‹๎œ•๎œ๎›ธ๎œ†๎‹๎œ‹๎œ—๎œ†๎œ—๎œ†๎œ•๎›ซ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎˜ƒ๎›ฉ๎œ“๎›ฟ๎‡๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎œข๎›ผ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‹๎œ†๎œ๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ
๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎œ‹๎œ•๎œ๎›ธ๎œ†๎‹๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ๎›ข๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œŸ๎›ข๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎œŠ๎›ข๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ”๎œจ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข
๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ๎›ข๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ฉ๎œ“๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ
๎œŽ๎œ†๎œš๎œ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ†๎œŠ๎›ฉ๎œŸ๎œ๎›จ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ•๎œ†๎›น๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ„๎œ—๎›ผ๎œŸ๎œ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œข๎›ฝ
๎œ๎›ผ๎œ›๎›ฎ๎œ•๎›ธ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎›ข๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ซ๎œ˜๎œ๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎›ข๎œ†๎œ†๎œ„๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎œˆ๎›จ๎œข๎›ผ๎œ๎œ„๎œ›๎›ท๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†
๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎›จ๎œ•๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œ๎‡๎›จ๎œ๎œ„๎œ›๎›ท๎›ท๎œ”๎›จ๎›ข๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎œŠ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ€๎‚๎œ•๎œ…๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ข๎‡๎œ๎›ผ
๎›พ๎œ†๎œ—๎›ฎ๎›ฎ๎œ•๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•
๎˜ƒ ๎›ฅ๎›ถ๎œ“๎›ข๎œ†๎œ†๎œ„๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ข๎‡๎œ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ—๎›ฎ๎›ฎ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎œŸ๎œˆ๎œฆ๎›จ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•
๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ข๎œฌ๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ”๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ“๎›ฉ๎›ฝ๎œฃ๎›พ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎›จ๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›จ
๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ‹๎œœ๎›ผ๎œ…๎‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎›บ๎œ”๎œง๎œŠ๎œฃ๎›พ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎›ซ๎œ›๎œ„๎›ซ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ”๎œง๎œŠ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ‹๎œฃ๎›บ๎œ…๎˜ƒ
๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ฉ๎œ™๎›จ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œ„๎œ˜๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œŸ๎›ข๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎œŠ๎›ข๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ๎œ๎œ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œ„๎œ•๎œ“๎œ๎œ„
๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œข๎›ผ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎œ‹๎œ•๎œ๎›ธ๎œ†๎‹๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ๎›ข๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎œŽ๎œ”๎œ
๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‹๎œ†๎œ๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎›ท๎œ”๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎œ”๎œ…๎›ฉ๎œ™๎›จ๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œ๎ˆ๎œ•๎›จ๎œ๎œ—๎›จ
๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œข๎›ผ
๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ‹๎œ—๎œ†๎œ—๎œ†๎œ•๎›ซ๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎œ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎œ๎œ”๎›ต๎›ผ๎œ•๎›พ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ›๎›จ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ฅ
๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ธ๎‡๎œ๎œฃ๎›พ
๎˜ƒ ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ…๎ˆ๎œ๎›ผ๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›บ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ธ๎›ฉ
๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎›ถ๎œ“๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ‹๎œ•๎œ๎›ธ๎œ†๎‹๎œ‹๎œ—๎œ†๎œ—๎œ†๎œ•๎›ซ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎˜ƒ๎œ„๎œŽ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ”๎œ…๎œ„๎œŽ๎œ—๎›ท๎œˆ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œ๎›ผ๎œ›๎œ„๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—
๎‚๎Ÿ๎œฒ๎Ÿ’๎œ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎œฆ๎Ÿ–๎œ๎œต๎ˆ
๎œบ๎€๎œ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎œฆ๎Ÿ–๎œ๎œต๎ˆ
๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ฅ๎›ถ๎œ“๎›ข๎œ†๎œ†๎œ„๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ†๎œ—๎œ…๎›ป๎œ†๎œ†๎œ„๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎œ”๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎›ฅ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎˜ต๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ท๎œŸ๎œˆ๎œš๎œ๎›ข๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ
๎œ†๎‡๎œŠ๎œ„๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎œ”๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎œš๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎˜“๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎œข๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข
๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎œˆ๎›จ๎œ๎œ„๎œ›๎›ท๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎›จ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎œ‹๎œ•๎œ๎›ธ๎œ†๎‹๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…
๎›ผ๎œ๎›ข๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎œŽ๎œ”๎œ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‹๎œ†๎œ๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ๎›ข๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ†๎‡๎œŠ๎œ„๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎œ”๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎œš๎œ๎˜ƒ
๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œฃ๎œ„๎‡๎›ฅ๎œ†๎›ฝ๎›น๎ˆ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ฉ๎œ“๎˜ƒ
๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ๎œ„๎œ›๎›ท๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ™๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎›จ๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œŠ๎œ…
๎›ธ๎›ผ๎œŸ๎œ๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ข๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ๎œ•๎›ฉ๎œ•๎œ†๎œ…๎‹๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎›ฝ๎›ฅ๎œ›๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œ ๎›ฝ๎‡๎›จ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ
๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œ ๎›ฝ๎‡๎›จ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŽ๎›ผ๎‡๎œŠ๎œ…
๎›ธ๎œ†๎œŠ๎›ฉ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ๎›ข๎œŽ๎œ†๎œš๎œ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŽ๎œ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…
๎๎œ—๎Ÿ๎œฏ๎Ÿ๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎Ž๎œ ๎Ÿ—๎Ž๎œธ๎œ๎ˆ๎œฟ๎‚๎Ÿ๎œช๎Ÿ”๎œพ
๎˜ƒ ๎œŸ๎›ข๎œฆ๎›ฝ๎œ†๎œŠ๎›ฝ๎œ†๎œŠ๎œ„๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŠ๎œ—๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ“๎œŽ๎‹๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œข๎›ซ๎ˆ๎œก๎›พ๎œ†๎œ ๎›ข๎œ†๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™–๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ƒ๎™‰๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Š๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‘๎™…๎™‹๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™…๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎™…๎™‡๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‡๎™”๎™•๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™๎™…๎˜๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Š๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™‰๎™‘๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜ฎ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎˜ต๎˜ฃ๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎œ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎œŠ๎œ—๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ“๎œŽ๎‹๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎˜ƒ๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎œŸ๎›ซ๎œ—๎›จ๎›ฅ๎œ›๎›ถ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œ๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œข๎›ซ๎ˆ๎œ๎›น๎œ—๎›ธ๎œ—๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ†๎œ†๎›ถ๎›ผ๎œ•๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ๎œŸ๎›ซ๎œ—๎›จ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ—๎œ„๎œ•๎›ถ๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œข๎›ซ๎ˆ๎œ๎›น๎œ—๎›ธ๎œ—๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ†๎œ†๎›ถ๎›ผ๎œ•๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ฅ๎‡๎œ•๎œŸ๎›ช๎œˆ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ฝ๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ„๎œœ๎œˆ
๎œŸ๎›ซ๎œ—๎›จ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ—๎œ„๎œ•๎›ถ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎›ธ๎‡๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎›ท๎ˆ๎œŠ๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™๎™’๎™ƒ๎™‹๎™”๎™‡๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎™–๎™‡๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œ„๎œ˜๎›ผ๎œ”๎œ…๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ฎ๎›บ๎œ•๎›จ๎œ๎›น๎œ—๎›ธ๎œ—
๎œŸ๎œ„๎œš๎œง๎œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜๎™˜๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎™—๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜๎˜’๎˜—
๎˜ƒ ๎›ฟ๎œˆ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ„๎œ˜๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎œข๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง
๎›ธ๎œ†๎›จ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ท๎œŸ๎œˆ๎œš๎œ๎›ข๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ†๎‡๎œŠ๎œ„๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎œ”๎œ…๎›บ๎œ”๎œจ๎›จ๎œ๎œ—๎œจ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•
๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œฃ๎œ„๎‡๎œ„๎œ˜๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›น๎œœ๎›ข๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ๎›ข๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹
๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎›ข๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œŠ๎œ…๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎‡๎œ•๎œŸ๎›ช๎œˆ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง
๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œ„๎œ•๎›ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒยฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œ๎œ—๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™ƒ๎™…๎™๎™‡๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ
๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎œ๎›ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™‡๎™…๎™œ๎™‡๎™๎™ƒ๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ“๎›ฟ๎œ„๎œ†๎‡๎œŠ๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™…๎™‹๎™ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œˆ๎œ„๎œ๎œ—๎œŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™—๎™”๎™–๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™”๎˜
๎™‹๎™ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ„๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ๎œ›๎œ๎œ๎›จ
๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ธ๎œ—๎›ท๎œŸ๎›ซ๎œš๎œจ๎œ๎œ ๎›ฝ๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›ธ๎œš๎œจ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™‹๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎™‹๎™‰๎™‘๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŽ๎œ—๎›ท๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™•๎™…๎™ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™‡๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™’๎™‡๎™†๎™‹๎™…๎™—๎™Ž๎™‘๎™•๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎˜ƒ
๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œƒ๎œ•๎œ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‹
๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎›ฅ๎‡๎œ•
๎œŸ๎›ช๎œˆ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œ„๎œ•๎›ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒยฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œ„๎œ˜
๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™Ž๎™‘๎™•๎™“๎™—๎™ƒ๎™๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ„๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•
๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œ„๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง
๎œ„๎œ˜๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ“๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎œ ๎œ๎ˆ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™†๎™”๎™—๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™”๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ธ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎›ผ๎œฌ๎œจ๎œ•๎œ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎œƒ๎œœ๎œ„๎œ—๎›ฅ๎œ›๎ˆ๎œ„๎›ข๎œ”๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™„๎™—๎™Ž๎™Ž๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™•๎™‡๎™•๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œ€๎œฟ๎œ€๎Œ๎›ข๎›ฝ๎œ”๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™…๎™ƒ๎™”๎™„๎™—๎™๎™…๎™Ž๎™‡๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™”๎™›๎™–๎™Š๎™‡๎™๎™ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™‘๎™†๎™‘๎™•๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎œƒ๎œ•๎œ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎œŸ๎œ„๎œš๎œง๎œ๎œŸ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ฝ๎›ฅ๎‡๎œ•๎œŸ๎›ช๎œˆ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹
๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ข๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง
๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ„๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎‡๎œ•๎›จ๎œ„๎œ˜๎›ผ๎œ”๎œ…๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œ”๎›ฎ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜Š๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œˆ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ท๎œ”๎›ฝ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜’๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎˜“๎˜‹๎˜
เน€เธงเธŠเธšเธฑเธ™เธ—เธถเธเธจเธด เธฃเธดเธฃเธฒเธŠ Siriraj Medical Bulletin
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๎œ๎ˆ๎œผ๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ƒ๎œฟ๎Ÿ—๎ƒ๎œพ๎€๎๎œŸ๎ƒ๎œจ๎œธ๎Ÿ”๎œ๎œฆ๎Ÿ–๎œ๎œต๎ˆ๎Œ๎œผ๎œฑ๎œพ๎Ÿ•๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎‹๎œฅ๎œพ๎œผ๎œณ๎‹๎…๎Ÿ™๎œธ๎œ๎€๎Ÿณ๎ŸŒ๎œถ๎๎œฟ๎œฅ๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎œฏ๎Ÿ—๎ƒ๎œจ๎œฟ๎Ÿด๎Ÿ—๎œฏ๎ˆ๎œถ๎…๎€๎Ÿ”๎œ๎‹๎œ๎œž๎œค๎Ÿ•๎œŸ๎ƒ๎œจ๎Œ๎œผ๎œฑ๎œพ๎๎œ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎ˆ๎œผ๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎˜ƒ๎˜ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œฟ๎Ÿ—๎ƒ๎œพ๎€๎๎œŸ๎ƒ๎œจ๎œธ๎Ÿ”๎œ๎œฆ๎Ÿ–๎œ๎œต๎ˆ๎Œ๎œผ๎œฑ๎œพ๎Ÿ•๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎‹๎œฅ๎œพ๎œผ๎œณ๎‹๎…๎Ÿ™๎œธ๎œ๎€๎Ÿณ๎ŸŒ๎œถ๎๎œฟ๎œฅ๎œฑ๎Ÿ’๎Ÿช๎œฅ๎‚๎œฟ๎œฟ๎Ÿด๎Ÿ—๎œฏ๎ˆ๎œถ๎…๎€๎Ÿ”๎œ๎‹๎œ๎œž๎œค๎Ÿ•๎œŸ๎ƒ๎œจ๎Œ๎œผ๎œฑ๎œพ๎๎œ๎ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎›ธ๎œ”๎œŠ๎œ…๎‡๎œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฆ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™—๎™–๎™’๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™ƒ๎™”๎™–๎™๎™‡๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฆ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™๎™’๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™ƒ๎™”๎™–๎™๎™‡๎™๎™–
๎›ธ๎œ”๎œŠ๎œ…๎‡๎œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฆ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™—๎™–๎™’๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™ƒ๎™”๎™–๎™๎™‡๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฆ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™๎™’๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™ƒ๎™”๎™–๎™๎™‡๎™๎™–
เธ™เธดเธžเธ™เธ˜เนŒเธ•เน‰เธ™เธ‰เธšเธฑเธš Original Articles
12
๎ƒ๎œ๎Ÿ๎œด๎œฟ๎ˆ๎œพ๎œบ๎€ ๎๎œฟ๎Ÿณ๎œด๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ๎œ ๎œ๎›ท๎›จ๎œข๎œŽ๎ˆ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œข๎œŽ๎›ฎ๎‡๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ
๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎›ผ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŽ๎œ†๎œš๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ“
๎›ท๎œ”๎›จ๎›ข๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎œŠ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎˜“๎˜Ž๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ…๎‡๎œ•๎›จ๎œฃ๎œ†๎›ข๎œฆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ๎œ›๎œ๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ธ๎œ—๎›ท๎œŸ๎›ซ๎œš๎œจ๎œ
๎œ ๎›ฝ๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›ธ๎œš๎œจ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŽ๎œ—๎›ท๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ…๎œœ๎‡๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„
๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…
๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎œ•๎›ท๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œˆ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎›ซ๎œ›๎›ข๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ท๎œ”๎›จ๎›ข๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎œŠ๎œข๎›ผ๎œ ๎›ธ๎‡๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œ„๎ˆ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•
๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŽ๎œ—๎›ท๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œ•๎œ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ•๎œ†๎›น๎œ๎›ฝ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎œ๎œš๎œจ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ข๎œ”๎›ผ๎›ท๎œ•๎œ†๎œข๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ‹๎œฃ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ ๎›ธ๎‡๎œ๎œ•๎›ฉ๎œ๎›ฝ
๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎œ‹๎œ—๎œ†๎œ—๎œ†๎œ•๎›ซ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎œ๎›น๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎›ธ๎›ธ๎œ—๎œ…๎œƒ๎œœ๎œ„๎œ—๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ†๎œ›๎›จ๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ๎œ„๎œŽ๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ฅ๎œ†๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›บ๎›ฝ๎›บ๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎›ถ๎›ข๎œ†๎œ†๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ƒ๎™˜๎™ƒ๎™”๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ฅ๎›ถ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎˜ƒ
๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›ฅ๎œˆ๎œ—๎›ผ๎œ—๎›ข๎œข๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ‹๎œ๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฒ๎œ๎œŸ๎œ„๎œ†๎œ—๎›ข๎œ•๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•
๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œข๎œŽ๎›ฎ๎‡๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ„๎œ—๎›ผ๎œ†๎œ“๎›ท๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎›ซ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ•๎›ฎ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ธ๎›ผ๎œŸ๎œ๎›จ๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ผ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎›ช๎œ”๎œ…
๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ ๎›ข๎‡๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎œƒ๎œœ๎œ„๎œ—๎œ ๎œ๎ˆ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™’๎™‹๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ
๎œ๎œ“๎œŸ๎›ข๎œฆ๎›ท๎œŸ๎›จ๎œ—๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™”๎™‹๎™ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ซ๎›ผ๎œ—๎›ท๎œ ๎œ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ”๎œ„๎›ฟ๎œ”๎œ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œŽ๎œœ๎›ท๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™™๎™ƒ๎™”๎™–๎™•๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ
๎›ข๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎›ผ๎œš๎œจ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™”๎™”๎™Š๎™‡๎™‹๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™๎™‡๎™”๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™•๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™‘๎™•๎™ƒ๎™…๎™‡๎™ƒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œŽ๎œœ๎›ท๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ๎œ›๎›ข๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™๎™‘๎™Ž๎™Ž๎™—๎™•๎™…๎™—๎™๎˜‹๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ
๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎œ๎›ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™”๎™”๎™Š๎™‡๎™‹๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ•๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œš๎œจ๎œ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™‡๎™ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™…๎˜
๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎œข๎œŽ๎ˆ๎›ฅ๎œ“๎œ ๎›ผ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎›ธ๎‡๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ผ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎›ช๎œ”๎œ…๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎œ†๎œ๎›จ๎œˆ๎›จ
๎œ„๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œš๎œ๎›ฟ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎œ ๎œ๎ˆ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™†๎™”๎™—๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™”๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œˆ๎œœ๎›พ๎Œ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™Ž๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™•๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ„๎œ—๎›ผ
๎œ†๎œ“๎›ท๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎›ซ๎œฌ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ•๎›ฎ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎›ธ๎›ผ๎œŸ๎œ๎›จ๎›ธ๎œฌ๎œง๎œ•๎œˆ๎›จ๎œ„๎œ•๎˜›
๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ„๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ
๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™Ž๎™‘๎™•๎™“๎™—๎™ƒ๎™๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎˜ƒ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ„๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•
๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎›ผ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ท๎œ”๎›จ๎›ข๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎œ๎›น๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎›ธ๎›ธ๎œ—๎œ…
๎œƒ๎œœ๎œ„๎œ—๎œข๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ‹๎œฃ๎›บ๎œ…๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎›ผ๎œ๎›ข๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ผ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›จ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎œ”๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ๎›ฉ๎œ™๎›จ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œ๎œ๎›จ๎œข๎›ผ
๎œ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŸ๎œ†๎œš๎œจ๎œ๎›ผ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ…๎œœ๎‡๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹
๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ฉ๎œ”๎œ…๎›ฅ๎œ•๎›ท๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œŸ๎›ข๎œ—๎›ท๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎˜ƒ
๎›ธ๎›ฉ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎›ฅ๎›ถ๎œ“๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ‹๎œ•๎œ๎›ธ๎œ†๎‹๎œ‹๎œ—๎œ†๎œ—๎œ†๎œ•๎›ซ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎˜ƒ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œข๎œŽ๎ˆ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎œŸ๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ•๎œ๎œ”๎›จ๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ธ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ถ๎‹๎œข๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ƒ๎™๎™•๎™‡๎™๎šฟ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Ž๎™‹๎™๎™‹๎™…๎˜ƒ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎›ฉ๎œ“๎›ธ๎œ†๎œŠ๎›ฉ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŸ๎œ†๎œš๎œจ๎œ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜Š๎™Ž๎™‡๎™’๎™”๎™‘๎™•๎™›๎˜‹๎˜ƒ
๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œ๎œš๎œง๎›ผ๎œฅ๎˜ƒ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ…๎œœ๎‡๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•
๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎›ท๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎œ†๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ…๎‡๎œ•๎›จ๎œฃ๎œ†๎›ข๎œฆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„
๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ฝ๎‡๎œ๎œ…๎œข๎›ผ๎œ๎œš๎œจ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ซ๎›ผ๎›ฝ๎›บ๎œข๎›ผ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ‹๎œฃ๎›บ๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎›ฌ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ
๎œ๎œš๎œจ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŸ๎œ„๎œš๎œง๎œ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎œŸ๎œ„๎œš๎œง๎œ๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎›ฝ๎œ ๎œˆ๎ˆ๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œ„๎œ•๎›ข๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œฃ๎›พ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—
๎›จ๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›จ๎œ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ฝ๎œ•๎œˆ๎œข๎›ผ๎œ๎œš๎œจ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎›ฉ๎œ™๎›จ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฉ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎›ท๎œ”๎›จ๎›ข๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎œŠ๎˜ƒ
๎›ผ๎œ๎›ข๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ผ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฝ๎œ•๎›จ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎›ซ๎‡๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™–๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™๎˜๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™•๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™›๎™๎™†๎™”๎™‘๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ƒ๎™๎™‰๎™”๎™‡๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ข๎‡๎œ๎œข๎œŽ๎ˆ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎œŸ๎›ข๎œ—๎›ท๎›บ๎œ›๎œ๎œ๎œˆ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œ๎œŽ๎œ†๎œš๎œ๎›น๎œ™๎›จ๎œ ๎›ข๎‡๎›ซ๎œ˜๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ธ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œ•๎›ฉ๎œ•๎œ†๎œ…๎‹๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ™๎›จ
๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œŽ๎œ•๎œ ๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›บ๎œ•๎›จ๎œŽ๎œ†๎œš๎œ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ป๎œ˜๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎‡๎›จ๎œŸ๎œ๎œ†๎œ—๎œ„๎œข๎œŽ๎ˆ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹
๎›บ๎œ›๎›ข๎›ฅ๎›ผ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŽ๎œ†๎œš๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎›ซ๎‡๎›ผ๎˜ƒ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†
๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎œฃ๎œˆ๎›ผ๎‹๎œข๎›ผ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŽ๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ฟ๎‡๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎œข๎›ผ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง
๎œŸ๎›ข๎œ˜๎œง๎œ…๎œŠ๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎›ข๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œข๎›ผ๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›ฅ๎œˆ๎œ—๎›ผ๎œ—๎›ข๎˜•๎˜Ž๎˜“๎˜’
๎˜ƒ ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎œข๎›ผ๎œ†๎œ•๎œ…๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎œ‹๎œ•๎œ๎›ธ๎œ†๎‹๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎‚๎œŠ๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ๎›ข๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎›ธ๎›ฉ
๎œŠ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ…๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎œ†๎œŽ๎œ”๎œ๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œ‹๎œ†๎œ๎œŠ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ซ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎›พ๎œฟ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œข๎œŽ๎›ฎ๎‡๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ
๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ…๎œœ๎‡๎œข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎œ ๎›ธ๎‡๎œ„๎œ˜๎œŸ๎œ๎œ˜๎œ…๎›จ
๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›ผ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ…๎›ข๎œŠ๎‡๎œ•๎›ข๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ™๎œง๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œŸ๎›ฅ๎œ…๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎œ๎‡๎œŠ๎›ผ๎œข๎œŽ๎›ฎ๎‡๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎œ๎œ…๎œœ๎‡๎œข๎›ผ
๎›ข๎œˆ๎œ›๎‡๎œ„๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ธ๎œ•๎œ„๎œŽ๎œˆ๎œ”๎›ข๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฃ๎œ๎›จ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎˜ƒ๎›ท๎œ”๎›จ๎›ผ๎œ”๎œจ๎›ผ๎œ๎œ•๎›ฉ๎œ•๎œ†๎œ…๎‹๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›ฉ๎œ™๎›จ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ†๎œŽ๎œ•
๎œ ๎›ผ๎œŠ๎›บ๎œ•๎›จ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›ฉ๎œ”๎›ท๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œ๎œ๎›ผ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎œ๎‡๎›จ๎œŸ๎œ๎œ†๎œ—๎œ„๎œข๎œŽ๎ˆ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ข๎œ‹๎œ™๎›ข๎œŒ๎œ•๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎‹๎›บ๎œ›๎›ข๎›ฅ๎›ผ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎œ๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œฆ๎›ผ๎˜ƒ
๎œ ๎œˆ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ†๎œ˜๎œ…๎›ผ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎œŽ๎œ†๎œš๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŠ๎œ“๎œŸ๎œŽ๎œˆ๎‡๎œ•๎›ผ๎œ˜๎œจ
เน€เธญเธเธชเธฒเธฃเธญเน‰เธฒเธ‡เธญเธดเธ‡
๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™‹๎™Ž๎™๎™‡๎™”๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฐ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™—๎™•๎™–๎™ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฌ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™Š๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ต๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ƒ๎™˜๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฃ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Ž๎™†๎™๎™ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ด๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™—๎™ƒ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™‘๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™‘๎™๎™๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™‹๎™…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™‘๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™๎™…๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™–๎™‡๎™”๎™‡๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™‹๎™•๎™–๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎™ƒ๎™๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™‘๎™๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™‹๎™•๎™–๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™—๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜
๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™‘๎™•๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™ƒ๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™Ž๎™‡๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ƒ๎™‰๎™ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฉ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‡๎™ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™—๎™ƒ๎™”๎™…๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฎ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ƒ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™‘๎™„๎™‹๎™๎™•๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ƒ๎™”๎™–๎™‡๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™‡๎™‰๎™‡๎™”๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Š๎™ƒ๎™๎™ƒ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™‡๎™–๎™”๎™‘๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™…๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™‡๎™˜๎™‹๎™‡๎™™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™‡๎™ƒ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ƒ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Š๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™‘๎™”๎™Ž๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‡๎™ƒ๎™…๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™‘๎™•๎™’๎™‹๎™–๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Ž๎™‹๎™๎™‹๎™…๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™ˆ๎™”๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™‡๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜
๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‡๎™๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™‰๎™”๎™ƒ๎™†๎™—๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™†๎™—๎™…๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ƒ๎™๎™ƒ๎™†๎™ƒ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฃ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™—๎™”๎™˜๎™‡๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™—๎™–๎™ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™‡๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™—๎™”๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜
๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Š๎™‘๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎˜ช๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™…๎™ƒ๎™”๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ง๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™—๎™‹๎™Ž๎™‰๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‡๎™ƒ๎™…๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฃ๎™—๎™•๎™–๎™”๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎™‹๎™ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™‡๎™†๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™…๎™Š๎™‘๎™‘๎™Ž๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™—๎™•๎™–๎™”๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎™ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜—๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎™‡๎˜™๎˜š๎˜
๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎œƒ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ธ๎œ—๎˜ƒ๎œ‹๎œ—๎œŠ๎œ…๎œ•๎›ป๎œ†๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎›ข๎›ผ๎›ข๎œŠ๎œˆ๎œ”๎œ…๎˜ƒ๎›ข๎œ›๎œˆ๎›บ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›ผ๎›บ๎‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎œก๎œ†๎›ฅ๎›ฟ๎œ—๎œŠ๎œŽ๎›ผ๎œ”๎›จ๎›ธ๎ˆ๎œ๎›จ๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎œ๎œฌ๎œ•๎œŽ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎›พ๎›ฑ๎œ—๎›ฝ๎œ”๎›ธ๎œ—๎›บ๎œ”๎œง๎œŠ๎œฃ๎›พ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎œ๎œ—๎œ„๎œ๎‹๎›ฅ๎œ†๎œ”๎œจ๎›จ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›ข๎œ†๎œ›๎›จ๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ๎œ„๎œŽ๎œ•๎›ผ๎›ฅ๎œ†๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎œŽ๎œ„๎œ๎›ซ๎œ•๎œŠ๎›ฝ๎ˆ๎œ•๎›ผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™…๎˜ฅ๎™Ž๎™‡๎™•๎™๎™‡๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™‹๎™Ž๎™•๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎˜ถ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎˜ธ๎™‹๎™Ž๎™Ž๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™‡๎™†๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™–๎™—๎™†๎™‡๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™‘๎™”๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™—๎™”๎™”๎™‹๎™…๎™—๎™Ž๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™—๎™”๎™˜๎™‡๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™…๎™ƒ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜’๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜’๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎˜–๎˜
๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™–๎™‘๎™”๎™ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ด๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™…๎˜ง๎™˜๎™‘๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ถ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™‡๎™–๎™–๎™‡๎™”๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฃ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ฃ๎™œ๎™Š๎™ƒ๎™”๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎˜ฃ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ƒ๎™๎™‹๎™Ž๎™Ž๎™‡๎™”๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฌ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™”๎™‹๎™†๎™‰๎™‡๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฃ๎˜ฉ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ƒ๎™˜๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™š๎™’๎™‡๎™”๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎™…๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎™‡๎™ƒ๎™”๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™‘๎™•๎™’๎™‹๎™–๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™‘๎™๎™•๎™—๎™Ž๎™–๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜’๎˜๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎›ข๎œ•๎œ‹๎œ ๎œ๎›บ๎œ…๎œ๎œƒ๎œ•๎œŸ๎œˆ๎›ฃ๎›บ๎œ˜๎œง๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎œ†๎œš๎œง๎œ๎›จ๎œŸ๎›ข๎›ถ๎›ด๎‹๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ†๎œœ๎ˆ๎›ฅ๎œŠ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ๎œ•๎œ„๎œ•๎œ†๎›น๎œข๎›ผ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎œŸ๎œ„๎œ—๎›ผ๎œŸ๎œ๎œš๎œง๎œ๎œ†๎œ”๎›ฝ๎œข๎›ฝ๎œ๎›ผ๎œ›๎›ฎ๎œ•๎›ธ๎œŸ๎›พ๎Ž๎›ผ๎›ฟ๎œœ๎ˆ๎›พ๎œ†๎œ“๎›ข๎œ๎›ฝ๎›ข๎œ•๎œ†๎œŠ๎œ—๎›ซ๎œ•๎›ซ๎œ˜๎œ๎œŸ๎œŠ๎›ซ๎›ข๎œ†๎œ†๎œ„๎˜ƒ๎œ๎˜๎œ‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎œ๎œ—๎›ผ๎œŸ๎›บ๎œ๎œ†๎‹๎œŸ๎›ผ๎œฆ๎›ธ๎˜ฟ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›พ๎œฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎œŸ๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ•๎›น๎œ™๎›จ๎œŸ๎œ„๎œš๎œง๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎›ป๎˜๎›ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ฟ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎œŸ๎›ฃ๎ˆ๎œ•๎›น๎œ™๎›จ๎œฃ๎›ท๎ˆ๎›ฉ๎œ•๎›ข๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎™™๎™™๎™™๎˜๎™–๎™๎™…๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™”๎˜๎™–๎™Š๎˜‘๎›Œ๎™Ž๎™‡๎™๎˜’๎˜š๎˜’๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ
๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ƒ๎™˜๎™ƒ๎™”๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™‹๎™Ž๎™Ž๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™•๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฃ๎˜ฐ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™‡๎™†๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™†๎™—๎™…๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฃ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™—๎™Ž๎™–๎™‹๎™…๎™‡๎™๎™–๎™‡๎™”๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™—๎™”๎™˜๎™‡๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™–๎™—๎™†๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Š๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™๎™†๎™‡๎™”๎™‰๎™”๎™ƒ๎™†๎™—๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‡๎™”๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™…๎™–๎™‹๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Š๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Ž๎™‹๎™๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Ž๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™•๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™๎™Ž๎™‹๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜
๎˜“๎˜’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™‹๎™’๎™”๎™‹๎™ƒ๎™๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™›๎™„๎™„๎™”๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™•๎™…๎™ƒ๎™”๎™†๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ญ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™๎™ƒ๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™”๎™‰๎™‡๎™”๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™๎™Ž๎™‹๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™‡๎™ƒ๎™”๎™๎™‹๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Ž๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™•๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‹๎™Ž๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Š๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™‡๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™๎™‡๎™”๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™…๎™ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™‰๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™‡๎™†๎™‹๎™…๎™ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™–๎™—๎™†๎™‡๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™‘๎™”๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™—๎™”๎™”๎™‹๎™…๎™—๎™Ž๎™—๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฃ๎™…๎™ƒ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‡๎™”๎™๎™ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜