TY - JOUR AU - Roongruangchai, Jantima AU - Viravud, Yadaridee AU - Plakornkul, Vasana AU - Sripaoraya, Kesorn AU - Vijitsombat, Naruemol AU - Roongruangchai, Kosol PY - 2018/10/30 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - The Teratogenic Effects of Glyphosate Based Herbicide (GBH) on the Development of Chick Embryos JF - Siriraj Medical Journal JA - Siriraj Med J VL - 70 IS - 5 SE - Original Article DO - UR - https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/sirirajmedj/article/view/152668 SP - 419-428 AB - <p><strong>Objective</strong>: This study was conducted to investigate the teratogenic effects of GBH by using chick embryo as an<br>animal model.<br><strong>Methods</strong>: The equal volume of 0.1 ml of 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w/v glyphosate solution were injected into<br>yolk sacs of fertilized White Leghorn eggs at 21 h of incubation and repeated at the volume of 0.05 ml on the 3rd<br>day of incubation. The embryos were observed for abnormalities on day 3, 6 and 10 of incubation.<br><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that the mortality percentages increased as the concentration of glyphosate increased.<br>Day 3 chick embryos showed retardation of development and several abnormalities, for instance, the irregular shape<br>of the brain vesicles with an opening of anterior neuropore, small eye primordia with the optic cup and lens vesicle<br>retardation, looser of the heart looping with dilated lumen, lesser number of branchial arches, absent of limb bud<br>or tail fold. Day 6 chick embryos showed severe retardation of several organs. Microphthalmia, anophthalmia,<br>ectopia cordis and ectopic viscerae were observed in day 6 chick embryos. On day 10, most embryos died earlier<br>and living embryos showed normal external features but delayed ossifications which were significantly different<br>from the control (P&lt;0.05).<br><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Glyphosate was toxic to chick embryos which directly caused mortality and was also a powerful teratogen<br>which caused growth retardation and malformations on day 3 and day 6 and skeletal alteration on day. The effects<br>were predicted to occur in other embryos including humans. Pregnant women should avoid contamination with<br>GBH especially in the first trimester of pregnancy.</p> ER -