CHANGES IN BIOMECHANICAL VARIABLE OF 200 METRES FRONT CRAWL ON UPPER EXTREMITIES IN THAI NATIONAL SWIMMERS
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Abstract
Purpose : To compare the changes in biomechanical variable during 200 metres front crawl on upper extremities in Thai nation swimmers.
Methods : Seven male front crawl Thai nation swimmers who participated in the 29th Sea Game in Malaysia volunteered for this study. Biomechanical variables, including joint angle and joint velocities were measured and analyzed using 16 surface and underwater cameras in the swimming flume at the Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University. All subjects wore a swimsuit attached with makers and swam 200 meters front crawl at 75% of their maximum swimming speed in the pool. Data were extracted and analyzed in 5 intervals, 15-35 m., 65-85 m., 115-135 m., 165-185 m., and 196-200 m, respectively.
Results : The results showed that the average angles of shoulder and wrist during 15-35 m. interval was statistically different from during 196-200 m., interval and the average velocities of shoulder, elbow, and wrist significantly decreased from 15-35 m. to 196-200 m. intervals (p< .05). The trajectories of joint angles and velocities were modelled using Simple Harmonic Modelling, which accurately explained approximately 80% of the trajectory of joint angles and velocities (~80%). Analysis of Simple Harmonic Equation showed that different distances resulted in different cycle time of joint angles and velocities.
Conclusion : Swimming distances affected the angles and velocities of upper extremity joints. The trajectory of angles and velocities of upper extremity joints were similar among distance intervals; however, the movement time of joints increased as the swimming distance increased. The Analysis of Simple Harmonic revealed that as the swim distance increases the movement time in each stoke increases while the joint velocity decreases.
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