Stem cells approach for bone regeneration

Abstract

     Lack of bone volume and bone loss from pathologies remains problematic for clinicians especially in large bone defect. Grafting with autogenous bone or bone substitutes has been utilized. Currently, advance cellular strategies in stem cell research and tissue engineering play an important role in regenerative medicine including bone regeneration. These technologies have been developed to be an alternative therapeutically options to autogenous bone. This paper provides a brief background of bone biological aspect and cell-based bone regeneration using stem cell. Sources of mesenchymal stem cell
(MSC) and characteristics of stem cell were also discussed. Culture-expanded MSCs method and immediate MSCs approach using autologous bone marrow aspirate (BMA) or bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) transplantation were mentioned in the role and effectiveness in bone regeneration. Autologous BMA and BMAC supply total nucleated cells including MSCs and vascular progenitor cells. The co-existing of these two cell types in culture has been confirmed for their synergistic effect in tissue regeneration. Particularly, BMAC has been evidenced for its clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in
bone regeneration. Moreover, BMAC preparation procedure is simple, in-expensive, minimal time consuming, and minimal risk of contamination without a need for complicated laboratory support. Therefore, immediate stem cell application using BMAC is likely to be a milestone for future development in regenerative medicine.

Key words: Bone regeneration, Culture-expanded stem cell, Immediate stem cell application, Stem cell