UBRU Journal for Public Health Research

Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University

Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University — 2024-08-29

Changing Ozone (O3) in ambient air to human health: A literature review

Nawaphorn Tanatiratorn — 2024-08-29

The fluctuating ozone layers pose significant challenges to human health and the environment due to their complex interactions with pollutants and sunlight. Understanding the implications of changing ozone levels in ambient air is crucial for mitigating health risks associated with respiratory ailments and UV radiation exposure. This study aims to comprehensively review the multifaceted relationship between changing ozone levels in ambient air and their impact on human health. By synthesizing existing literature, we seek to elucidate the chemical composition and toxicity of ozone, explore the mechanisms driving changes in atmospheric ozone, and examine the diverse effects of ozone on human health. A thorough search across scholarly databases, including Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, NIH, and official sources of information, was conducted. The search encompassed diverse temporal periods and utilized carefully selected keywords such as 'Ozone,' 'health effects,' and 'Ambient air.' Additionally, reference lists and abstracts from international conferences on climate change and ozone dynamics were examined to ensure a comprehensive review of relevant literature.

The review shed the lights of the dual nature of ozone, serving as a protective shield against UV radiation in the stratosphere while posing health risks at ground level. Factors driving changes in atmospheric ozone, including natural processes and human activities such as chlorofluorocarbon emissions and global warming, are discussed. The diverse effects of ozone on human health, ranging from increased risks of skin cancer and cataracts to impairments in lung function and exacerbation of respiratory conditions, are elucidated.

Urgent action is needed to address human-induced factors contributing to ozone depletion and implement measures to safeguard both human health and the environment. Continued research into the mechanisms underlying ozone's impact on human health is essential for developing effective strategies to protect public health and mitigate the adverse effects of ozone pollution.

Self-care programmes for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review

Wichuda Chantasin — 2024-08-29

This systematic review aimed to explore existing evidence regarding self-care programs for Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Thailand by using the PICO framework, and assessing the quality of the studies and level of evidence method (Heller et al. 2008). An electronic search of the databases by Proquest, Pubmed, Science Direct, ThaiJO, and Google Scholar. All studies published in Thai and English, from 2011 to 2021, were included. The keywords relating to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Self-care, and Model were used in the search process.

Results from a total of 6 eligible studies in the review revealed that these were quasi-experimental designed studies with a comparison of control and experimental groups. Also, results showed that the self-care programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus included the group process, eating, exercise, stress management, participation, self-efficacy, social support, glycemic control, and good behaviors.

Results suggest that the self-care programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus with the group self-management program can improve HbA1c control and be applied to other health services.

Caring for stroke patients without family caregivers in the community using the community participation

Thitima Srakhunthod — 2024-08-29

Cerebrovascular disease has become increasingly prevalent worldwide, including in Thailand. Its impact on individuals, families, and community as a whole is substantial. Cause of mortality and loss of well-being. When patients lack of family caregivers, it significantly impacts their quality of life. This article emphasizes strategies to empower communities in caring for cerebrovascular disease patients without family caregivers, highlighting the importance of community understanding and collaboration in improving patients and the community's overall quality of life in a sustainable manner. The article focuses on four key areas:
1) Challenges and Needs of Cerebrovascular Disease Patients without Family Caregivers in the Community 2) Community Participation Guideline 3) Community Participation Model in Caring for Cerebrovascular Disease Patients 4) Success Factors in Caring for Cerebrovascular Disease Patients without Family Caregivers in the Community. The key recommendation to focus on empowerment of the community members to take ownership of the problem and to resolve it. Public health personnel were supporter and facilitator.

The effective of Saraphanya praying reduce hypertension in elderly with hypertension

Witsanu Chansod — 2024-08-29

The purposes of this Quasi-experimental research of one-group pretest-posttest design, aimed to study the effectiveness of the chanting Saraphanya to reduce blood pressure levels in elderly people with hypertension. The population composed of 23 peoples, using purposive sampling, and have qualifications that meet the inclusion criteria. Being an elderly person, they live in the responsibility areas of Dong Hong Hae Sub - district Health Promoting Hospital, Mueang-Ubonratchathani district, Ubonratchathani province. The instruments used to collect data were the Saraphanya manual, Saraphanya audio file, and blood pressure recording form, all measurements were performed by the researcher using the same digital blood pressure monitor. The quality value of the tool was 0.87. General data analysis and blood pressure statistics using frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviation statistics. The difference in mean blood pressure between before and after the Saraphanya prayed was tested by a dependent t-test.

The research results found that mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In the sample Before and after chanting the Sarabhaya mantra decreased. Statistically significant (p-value<.05).

Although the research results found that blood pressure values decreased, should be conducted in controlled trials. And there will be a long-term follow-up to check the results again and obtained that lead the further referrals in the elderly population with high blood pressure.

Effects of applying the self-empowerment theory on behavior prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among high school students in Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani Province

Boonthai Seehin — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to study the effect of applying self-empowerment theory on sexually transmitted disease prevention behaviors of high school students. Khong Chiam District Ubon Ratchathani Province between the experimental group and the comparison group This is a quasi-experimental study. By applying self-empowerment theory and health belief patterns. The sample size was 80 people, divided into an experimental group of 40 people and a comparison group of 40 people. The experimental group was a group that received a program to apply the theory of self-empowerment to the behavior of preventing sexually transmitted diseases of high school students. Khong Chiam District Ubon Ratchathani Province The comparison group received regular school activities. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and minimum, maximum, and Independent t-test at the p<0.05 level.

The results showed that after the experiment, It was found that the experimental group had a higher average score. Including knowledge scores about sexually transmitted diseases, health belief model for preventing sexually transmitted diseases, self-efficacy in preventing sexually transmitted diseases and sexually transmitted disease prevention behaviors. Statistically significantly higher than the comparison group and level of p<0.05. In conclusion, the program to applying the self-empowerment theory on behavior prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among high school students in Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, enabling students to participate in the self-empowerment on behavior prevention of sexually transmitted diseases process. Which made the research results successful and should be extended to other youth groups in the area.

Factors related to COVID-19 self-prevention behavior of village health volunteers, Samtambon Subdistrict, Chulabhorn District, Nakhonsithammarat Province

Piyaporn Ditsanamuang — 2024-08-29

This descriptive research aimed to study the relationship between knowledge, attitude, self-prevention behaviour, and related factors of COVID-19 self-prevention behaviour of village health volunteers who work under the Samtambon subdistrict health promotion hospital, Chulabhorn district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province. The sample size was 109 village health volunteers recruited by simple random sampling. Data about knowledge, attitude, and COVID-19 self-prevention behaviour was collected by questionnaire. This questionnaire had an index of item objective congruence of 1.00. The questionnaire about knowledge had a KR-20 reliability of 0.63, and the attitudes and COVID-19 self-prevention behaviours had Cronbach alpha coefficients of 0.72 and 0.86, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Spearman's rank correlation. Research results were revealed as follows:

COVID-19 knowledge was mainly at a high level (83.49%), attitude towards COVID-19 prevention was at a good level (Mean+SD=2.80+0.55), and COVID-19 self-prevention behaviour was at a high level (Mean+SD=3.52+0.64).
Knowledge of COVID-19 self-prevention was statistically significantly related to COVID-19 self-prevention behaviour (p =0.01). At the same time, age, gender, marital status, monthly income, levels of education, experience, other roles in the community, and attitude towards COVID-19 prevention were not correlated.

Public health officers should provide COVID-19 awareness and regularly updated information to village health volunteers, such as treatments, in-depth protection, and various measures from the government. Moreover, they should periodically test their knowledge to enhance their understanding of the village health volunteer.

The integrated cooperative improvement of locality organizations to LTC Fund Administrative System in Nongbuadaeng District, Chaiyaphumi Province

Pornpun Sansra — 2024-08-29

This action research aimed to examine the integration and cooperation of area agencies to manage in Long Term Care Fund: LTC fund at Nong Bua Daeng municipality, Nong Bua Daeng District, Chaiyaphum Province. The participants were totaling 160 persons. Quantitative data was collected by using an applying questionnaire which considering from expertise. Quantitative data was confirmed both a descriptive statistic including percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistic such t-test. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

The results of this study found that an integrated process was comprised 8 steps as follows:
1) situation and context analyses, 2) arrange meeting to plan, 3) request approval of a plan, 4) implementation,
5) monitoring, 6) evaluation, 7) summarize the results and 8) feedback and lessons learned. The results of the action when was comparing before and after found that all 3 target groups that their knowledge and understanding and participation in the LTC fund implementation. It was found that there was a statistically significant improvement (p-value<0.05), resulting of the LTC fund assessment from being at a fair level (65 points) in early of study to a very good level (92 points) at the end of this study.

In summary, there was found the success factors in this action included such 1) creating a network at the local level 2) strengthening of capacity building their competencies of those involved to increasing skills and ability to work; and 3) devolution power all person to take action in their own areas. That was initiated called a N-B-D model.

Knowledge, attitude, and Cannabis use behavior among adolescents aged 15-22 in Bangkok

Kwanchanok Meebankreng — 2024-08-29

The increasing prevalence of marijuana use among teenagers raises health and social concerns. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge. Attitudes and behaviors related to marijuana use among teenagers in Bangkok Identify factors that affect marijuana use. This study was a cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 15-22 years in Bangkok. Use Cochran's formula to calculate sample size. A total of 357 volunteers participated in this study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to gather knowledge. Attitudes and behaviors related to marijuana use used descriptive statistics and general linear models to analyze the data.

The results of the study found that the sample had a moderate level of knowledge about marijuana. Attitudes towards marijuana use are moderate and marijuana use behavior is low. The factors of having previously used marijuana and having used cigarettes were the factors predicting marijuana use behavior of the sample group.

In conclusion, the study points to the importance of considering factors such as gender, educational level, past experience with cannabis or cigarette use, and cannabis knowledge resources when designing access to cannabis information. Productive

Organic waste participation management model for Nonteng Subdistrict community, Khong District, Nakhonratchasima Province

Somchai Ranok — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this action research was to explore the situations and the problems of organic waste management in the community with applying the organic waste management model with the community participation in NonTeng Sub-district Administration, Khong district, Nakhon Ratchasima province. The research was divided into three phrases: 1) investigated the problems and the situations of the organic waste management of the community, 2) Develop a model for organic waste management with community participation and 3) evaluation the model development and critiques on factors of the successful. The participants were stratified random sampling, which consisted of 305 household representatives including Multi-stage Random sampling and stakeholders in management organic waste purposive Sampling for 40 people Data were using questionnaire, interview, observation, statistics applied in data analysis are such as frequency, percentage standard deviation and paired t-test.

The research revealed that organic waste to decreased, segregation, transportation, removal efficiency increases. With a mean of knowledge (9.33±0.95), attitude (2.91±0.20), practice (2.68±0.18), participation increased (2.68±0.26), which different statistic significantly (P – value<0.001). The Action Research had workshops, segregation the household organic waste, awareness campaign project household waste management, Campaign project for creating wet trash cans in households, clean village project. This development process as a result, the amount of organic waste has decreased. (7.02±3.72) which is different statistically significant (P – value<0.001)

In conclusion, the key successes of the participatory solid waste management model were continuing and enhancing the key local community for the goal is unity in planning together, practice together, together receive benefits and jointly monitor and evaluate According to the community context to create and develop the environment to be livable and sustainable.

Forecasting the incidents of hypertension and diabetes in Srisaket Province

Wanna Moongtavekait — 2024-08-29

This research aims to forecast the incidents of hypertension and diabetes in Srisaket Province in the fiscal year 2024. Using monthly data from the standard reporting group, Illness with important non-communicable diseases, the Ministry of Public Health, Health Region 10, fiscal year 2013 to 2024, a total of 11 years and 3 months totaling 135 months. Monthly data and annual data were analyzed using the Box and Jenkins method and the Gray System Theory, respectively.

The results showed that forecasting the monthly number of new patients with high blood pressure and diabetes in fiscal year 2024 using the Box and Jenkins method. The models that were most consistent with the data were the seasonal ARIMA with the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 13.27 and 12.54, respectively. For annual data, the Gray System Theory method was used to predict the annual number of new cases of hypertension and diabetes. The GM (1,1) model had MAPE values of 12.91 and 7.76, respectively.

In fiscal year 2024, the models to forecast the number of new patients in Srisaket Province were selected based on the annual data trend that there will be an increase in the number of new patients. The number of new patients with high blood pressure will be 19,057 according to the Gray system theory model. And the number of new patients with diabetes will be 7, 449 people according to the Box and Jenkins models. The forecasted number of patients that will increase can be used to plan measures in order to prevent and control high blood pressure and diabetes in the area of Srisaket Province.