Participatory Action Research for Improving the Quality of Life of Homeless Individuals and Disease Prevention and Control in Urban Areas, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Abstract

Homelessness is a group that starkly reflects the problem of inequality in society. It can tarnish the image of urbanization, propagate diseases to others, and amplify the risk of epidemics. Therefore, this study focuses on understanding the circumstances, issues, and requirements of homeless individuals in the urban areas of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The study aimed to develop a system for enhancing the well-being of homeless individuals to prevent and control diseases in the urban areas of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This research employed a participatory action research approach, utilizing the PAOR (Participatory Action-Oriented Research) process. The participants included a working group and homeless individuals from the region. The findings revealed a total of 222 homeless individuals, out of which 182 were unaccompanied. Among these, 97 individuals fell within the age range of 40-59 years, while 76 were over 60 years old. Furthermore, 13 individuals lacked identification cards, and 82 had lost their cards after obtaining them. Health conditions were varied, with nine individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis, one with infectious leprosy, nine with diabetes and hypertension, and three with HIV infection. Mental health issues were reported in 30 individuals, and 134 individuals were either unemployed or had lost their jobs. To address these challenges, an urban care team established a comprehensive set of systems. These systems encompassed surveillance, monitoring, health assessment screening, and urban homelessness assistance within the urban areas of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. These measures work together to enhance the quality of life for homeless individuals and mitigate the spread of diseases. The guidelines formulated by the team could be applicable in other urban areas facing similar circumstances.