Dentifrice and mouthrinse : effective adjuncts to prevent gingivitis?
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Published:
Jun 30, 2013
Keywords:
gingivitis dental plaque dentifrice mouthrinse
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Abstract
The objective of plaque control is to prevent gingivitis and periodontal disease. There are two ways of plaque control, which are mechanical and chemical methods. Although mechanical plaque control such as brushing, flossing and inter-proximal brushing is recommended by most dental professional; it is still an ineffective way to reduce supra-gingival plaque and gingivitis. Due to variations of teeth alignment and limitation of hand skill among individuals, only mechanical technique is insufficient to maintain good oral hygiene. Recent studies, including meta-analyses, have indicated that chlorhexidine mouthwash is the most effective chemical substance to control plaque and gingivitis. Furthermore, it is the gold standard for chemical technique, prior to essential oil containing mouthrinse and triclosan containing dentifrices, consequently. In Summary, mouthrinse and oral spray containing chlorhexidine are recommended in patients with limitation of mouth opening and inability to brush their teeth in short-term use (less than 4 weeks); mouthrinse containing essential oil and dentifrices containing triclosan are effective for those who can brush their teeth.
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1.
พรหมประดิษฐ์ ส. Dentifrice and mouthrinse : effective adjuncts to prevent gingivitis?. Th Dent PH J [Internet]. 2013 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Jul. 3];18(1):9-19. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThDPHJo/article/view/152648
Section
Review Article
References
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2. American Academy of Periodontology. Parameters of care. .J Periodontol2000;71(5 Suppl.)i-ii, 847-883.
3. กรมอนามัย กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. รายงานผลการสำรวจสภาวะสุขภาพช่องปากระดับประเทศ ครั้งที่ 6 ประเทศไทย พ.ศ.2549-2550. นนทบุรี: กรมอนามัย; 2551.
4. Ramford SP, Ash MM. Oral hygiene. In: Periodontology and Periodontics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1979:397-422.
5. Forrest JL, Miller SA. Manual versus powered toothbrushes: a summary of the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Systematic Review. Part II. Manual versus powered toothbrushes: a summary of the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Systematic Review. Part II.
6. Deery C, Heanue M, Deacon S, Robinson PG, Walmsley AD, Worthington H, Shaw W, Glenny AM. The effectiveness of manual versus powered toothbrushes for dental health: a systematic review. J Dent. 2004 Mar;32(3):197-211.
7. Kerr WJ, Kelly J, Geddes DA. The areas of various surfaces in the human mouth from nine years to adulthood. J Dent Res 1991;70:1528-30.
8. Berchier CE, Slot DE, Haps S, Van der Weijden GA. The efficacy of dental floss in addition to a toothbrush on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008 Nov;6(4):265-79.
9. Cronin MJ, Dembling WZ, Cugini M, Thompson MC, Warren PR. A 30-day clinical comparison of a novel interdental cleaning device and dental floss in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.J Clin Dent. 2005;16(2):33-7.
10. DE, Dörfer CE, Van der Weijden GA. The efficacy of interdental brushes on plaque and Parameters of periodontal inflammation: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008 Nov;6(4):253-64.
11. Mehrota KK, Kapoor KK, Pradhan BP, Brushan A. Assessment of plaque tenacity on enamel surface. J Periodontol Res 1983;18:386-92.
12. Gunsolley JC. Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial mouthrinses. J Dent. 2010 Jun;38 Suppl 1:S6-10.
13. Teles RP, Teles FR. Antimicrobial agents used in the control of periodontal biofilms: effective adjuncts to mechanical plaque control? Braz Oral Res. 2009;23 Suppl 1:39-48.
14. Eley BM. Antibacterial agents in the control of supragingival plaque--a review. Br Dent J. 1999 Mar 27;186(6):286-96.
15. Roberts N, Moule P. Chlorhexidine and tooth-brushing as prevention strategies in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia rates. Nurs Crit Care. 2011 Nov-Dec;16(6):295-302. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-5153.2011.00465.x. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
16. Beraldo CC, Andrade D. Oral hygiene with chlorhexidine in preventing pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. J Bras Pneumol. 2008 Sep;34(9):707-14.
17. Becerik S, Türkoğlu O, Emingil G, Vural C, Ozdemir G, Atilla G. Antimicrobial effect of adjunctive use of chlorhexidine mouthrinse in untreated gingivitis: a randomized, placebo- controlled study. APMIS. 2011 Jun;119(6):364-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02741.x. Epub 2011 Apr 8.
18. Matthews D. No difference between 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse on reduction of gingivitis. Evid Based Dent. 2011;12(1):8-9.
19. Bagis B, Baltacioglu E, Özcan M, Ustaomer S.Evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse-induced staining using a digital colorimeter: an in vivo study. Quintessence Int. 2011 Mar;42(3):213-23.
20. Gürgan CA, Zaim E, Bakirsoy I, Soykan E. Short-term side effects of 0.2% alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthrinse used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a double-blind clinical study. J Periodontol. 2006 Mar;77(3):370-84.
21. Addy M. Chlorhexidine compared with other locally delivered antimicrobials. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13:957-964.
22. Lamont T. Lower concentration of chlorhexidine and cetyl-pyridinium chloride mouthwash demonstrates some efficacy. Evid Based Dent. 2012 Jun;13(2):52-3. doi:
10.1038/sj.ebd.6400862.
23. Escribano M, Herrera D, Morante S, Teughels W, Quirynen M, Sanz M. Efficacy of a low-concentration chlorhexidine mouth rinse in non-compliant periodontitis patients attending a supportive periodontal care programme: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Mar;37(3):266-75. Epub 2010 Jan 19.
24. Stoeken JE, Versteeg PA, Rosema NA, Timmerman MF, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Inhibition of "de novo" plaque formation with 0.12% chlorhexidine spray compared to 0.2% spray and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. J Periodontol. 2007 May;78(5):899-904.
25. Pizzo G, Guiglia R, Imburgia M, Pizzo I, D'Angelo M, Giuliana G.The effects of antimicrobial sprays and mouthrinses on supragingival plaque regrowth: a comparative study. J Periodontol. 2006 Feb;77(2):248-56.
26. Van Strydonck DA, Timmerman MF, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Plaque inhibition of two commercially available chlorhexidine mouthrinses. J Clin Periodontol.2005 Mar;32(3):305-9.
27. Slot DE, Lindeboom R, Rosema NA, Timmerman MF, van der Weijden GA. The effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine dentifrice gel on plaque accumulation: a 3-day non-brushing model. Int J Dent Hyg. 2007 Feb;5(1):45-52.
28. Patel RM, Malaki Z. The effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and gingivitis. Evid Based Dent. 2008;9(1):18-9.
29. Van Leeuwen MP, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. J Periodontol. 2011 Feb;82(2):174-94. Epub 2010 Nov 2.
30. Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Wu MM, Simmons K, Charles CA. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of a multipurpose essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a
cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthrinse: A 6-month randomized clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2012 Jul-Aug;43(7):e82-94.
31. Sharma NC, Araujo MW, Wu MM, Qaqish J, Charles CH. Superiority of an essential oil mouthrinse when compared with a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride containing mouthrinse: a six-month study. Int Dent J. 2010 Jun;60(3):175-80.
32. Bauroth K, Charles CH, Mankodi SM, Simmons K, Zhao Q, Kumar LD. The efficacy of an essential oil antiseptic mouthrinse vs. dental floss in controlling interproximal gingivitis: a comparative study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Mar;134(3):359-65.
33. Sharma NC, Charles CH, Qaqish JG, Galustians HJ, Zhao Q, Kumar LD. Comparative effectiveness of an essential oil mouthrinse and dental floss in controlling interproximal gingivitis and plaque. Am J Dent. 2002 Dec;15(6):351-5.
34. Sharma N, Charles CH, Lynch MC, Qaqish J, McGuire JA, Galustians JG, Kumar LD. Adjunctive benefit of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis in patients who brush and floss regularly: a six-month study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Apr;135(4):496-504.
35. Fine DH, Sreenivasan PK, McKiernan M, Tischio-Bereski D, Furgang D. Whole mouth antimicrobial effects after oral hygiene: comparison of three dentifrice formulations. J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Aug 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01938.x. [Epub ahead of print]
36. Hu D, Zhang YP, DeVizio W, Proskin HM. A clinical investigation of the efficacy of two dentifrices for controlling oral malodor and plaque microflora overnight. J Clin Dent. 2008;19(3):106-10.
37. Vazquez J, Pilch S, Williams MI, Cummins D. Clinical efficacy of a triclosan/copolymer/NaF dentifrice and a commercially available breath-freshening dentifrice on hydrogen sulfide-forming bacteria. Oral Dis. 2005;11 Suppl 1:64-6.
38. He T, Barker ML, Goyal CR, Biesbrock AR. Anti-gingivitis effects of a novel 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a positive control. Am J Dent. 2012 Jun;25(3):136-40.
39. Villalpando KT, Casarin RC, Pimentel SP, Cirano FR, Casati MZ. A randomized clinical evaluation of triclosan-containing dentifrice and mouthwash association in the control of plaque and gingivitis. Quintessence Int. 2010 Nov-Dec;41(10):855-61.
40. Montiel-Company JM, Almerich-Silla JM. Efficacy of two antiplaque and antigingivitis treatments in a group of young mentally retarded patients. Med Oral. 2002 Mar-Apr;7(2):136-43.
41. Hioe KP, van der Weijden GA. The effectiveness of self-performed mechanical plaque control with triclosan containing dentifrices. Int J Dent Hyg. 2005 Nov;3(4):192-204.
42. Gilbert P, McBain A, Sreenivasan P. Common therapeutic approaches for the control of oral biofilms: microbiological safety and efficacy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007 Oct;13 Suppl 4:17-24.
2. American Academy of Periodontology. Parameters of care. .J Periodontol2000;71(5 Suppl.)i-ii, 847-883.
3. กรมอนามัย กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. รายงานผลการสำรวจสภาวะสุขภาพช่องปากระดับประเทศ ครั้งที่ 6 ประเทศไทย พ.ศ.2549-2550. นนทบุรี: กรมอนามัย; 2551.
4. Ramford SP, Ash MM. Oral hygiene. In: Periodontology and Periodontics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1979:397-422.
5. Forrest JL, Miller SA. Manual versus powered toothbrushes: a summary of the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Systematic Review. Part II. Manual versus powered toothbrushes: a summary of the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Systematic Review. Part II.
6. Deery C, Heanue M, Deacon S, Robinson PG, Walmsley AD, Worthington H, Shaw W, Glenny AM. The effectiveness of manual versus powered toothbrushes for dental health: a systematic review. J Dent. 2004 Mar;32(3):197-211.
7. Kerr WJ, Kelly J, Geddes DA. The areas of various surfaces in the human mouth from nine years to adulthood. J Dent Res 1991;70:1528-30.
8. Berchier CE, Slot DE, Haps S, Van der Weijden GA. The efficacy of dental floss in addition to a toothbrush on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008 Nov;6(4):265-79.
9. Cronin MJ, Dembling WZ, Cugini M, Thompson MC, Warren PR. A 30-day clinical comparison of a novel interdental cleaning device and dental floss in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.J Clin Dent. 2005;16(2):33-7.
10. DE, Dörfer CE, Van der Weijden GA. The efficacy of interdental brushes on plaque and Parameters of periodontal inflammation: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008 Nov;6(4):253-64.
11. Mehrota KK, Kapoor KK, Pradhan BP, Brushan A. Assessment of plaque tenacity on enamel surface. J Periodontol Res 1983;18:386-92.
12. Gunsolley JC. Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial mouthrinses. J Dent. 2010 Jun;38 Suppl 1:S6-10.
13. Teles RP, Teles FR. Antimicrobial agents used in the control of periodontal biofilms: effective adjuncts to mechanical plaque control? Braz Oral Res. 2009;23 Suppl 1:39-48.
14. Eley BM. Antibacterial agents in the control of supragingival plaque--a review. Br Dent J. 1999 Mar 27;186(6):286-96.
15. Roberts N, Moule P. Chlorhexidine and tooth-brushing as prevention strategies in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia rates. Nurs Crit Care. 2011 Nov-Dec;16(6):295-302. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-5153.2011.00465.x. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
16. Beraldo CC, Andrade D. Oral hygiene with chlorhexidine in preventing pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. J Bras Pneumol. 2008 Sep;34(9):707-14.
17. Becerik S, Türkoğlu O, Emingil G, Vural C, Ozdemir G, Atilla G. Antimicrobial effect of adjunctive use of chlorhexidine mouthrinse in untreated gingivitis: a randomized, placebo- controlled study. APMIS. 2011 Jun;119(6):364-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02741.x. Epub 2011 Apr 8.
18. Matthews D. No difference between 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse on reduction of gingivitis. Evid Based Dent. 2011;12(1):8-9.
19. Bagis B, Baltacioglu E, Özcan M, Ustaomer S.Evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse-induced staining using a digital colorimeter: an in vivo study. Quintessence Int. 2011 Mar;42(3):213-23.
20. Gürgan CA, Zaim E, Bakirsoy I, Soykan E. Short-term side effects of 0.2% alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthrinse used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a double-blind clinical study. J Periodontol. 2006 Mar;77(3):370-84.
21. Addy M. Chlorhexidine compared with other locally delivered antimicrobials. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13:957-964.
22. Lamont T. Lower concentration of chlorhexidine and cetyl-pyridinium chloride mouthwash demonstrates some efficacy. Evid Based Dent. 2012 Jun;13(2):52-3. doi:
10.1038/sj.ebd.6400862.
23. Escribano M, Herrera D, Morante S, Teughels W, Quirynen M, Sanz M. Efficacy of a low-concentration chlorhexidine mouth rinse in non-compliant periodontitis patients attending a supportive periodontal care programme: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Mar;37(3):266-75. Epub 2010 Jan 19.
24. Stoeken JE, Versteeg PA, Rosema NA, Timmerman MF, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Inhibition of "de novo" plaque formation with 0.12% chlorhexidine spray compared to 0.2% spray and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. J Periodontol. 2007 May;78(5):899-904.
25. Pizzo G, Guiglia R, Imburgia M, Pizzo I, D'Angelo M, Giuliana G.The effects of antimicrobial sprays and mouthrinses on supragingival plaque regrowth: a comparative study. J Periodontol. 2006 Feb;77(2):248-56.
26. Van Strydonck DA, Timmerman MF, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Plaque inhibition of two commercially available chlorhexidine mouthrinses. J Clin Periodontol.2005 Mar;32(3):305-9.
27. Slot DE, Lindeboom R, Rosema NA, Timmerman MF, van der Weijden GA. The effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine dentifrice gel on plaque accumulation: a 3-day non-brushing model. Int J Dent Hyg. 2007 Feb;5(1):45-52.
28. Patel RM, Malaki Z. The effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and gingivitis. Evid Based Dent. 2008;9(1):18-9.
29. Van Leeuwen MP, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. J Periodontol. 2011 Feb;82(2):174-94. Epub 2010 Nov 2.
30. Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Wu MM, Simmons K, Charles CA. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of a multipurpose essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a
cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthrinse: A 6-month randomized clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2012 Jul-Aug;43(7):e82-94.
31. Sharma NC, Araujo MW, Wu MM, Qaqish J, Charles CH. Superiority of an essential oil mouthrinse when compared with a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride containing mouthrinse: a six-month study. Int Dent J. 2010 Jun;60(3):175-80.
32. Bauroth K, Charles CH, Mankodi SM, Simmons K, Zhao Q, Kumar LD. The efficacy of an essential oil antiseptic mouthrinse vs. dental floss in controlling interproximal gingivitis: a comparative study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Mar;134(3):359-65.
33. Sharma NC, Charles CH, Qaqish JG, Galustians HJ, Zhao Q, Kumar LD. Comparative effectiveness of an essential oil mouthrinse and dental floss in controlling interproximal gingivitis and plaque. Am J Dent. 2002 Dec;15(6):351-5.
34. Sharma N, Charles CH, Lynch MC, Qaqish J, McGuire JA, Galustians JG, Kumar LD. Adjunctive benefit of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis in patients who brush and floss regularly: a six-month study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Apr;135(4):496-504.
35. Fine DH, Sreenivasan PK, McKiernan M, Tischio-Bereski D, Furgang D. Whole mouth antimicrobial effects after oral hygiene: comparison of three dentifrice formulations. J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Aug 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01938.x. [Epub ahead of print]
36. Hu D, Zhang YP, DeVizio W, Proskin HM. A clinical investigation of the efficacy of two dentifrices for controlling oral malodor and plaque microflora overnight. J Clin Dent. 2008;19(3):106-10.
37. Vazquez J, Pilch S, Williams MI, Cummins D. Clinical efficacy of a triclosan/copolymer/NaF dentifrice and a commercially available breath-freshening dentifrice on hydrogen sulfide-forming bacteria. Oral Dis. 2005;11 Suppl 1:64-6.
38. He T, Barker ML, Goyal CR, Biesbrock AR. Anti-gingivitis effects of a novel 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a positive control. Am J Dent. 2012 Jun;25(3):136-40.
39. Villalpando KT, Casarin RC, Pimentel SP, Cirano FR, Casati MZ. A randomized clinical evaluation of triclosan-containing dentifrice and mouthwash association in the control of plaque and gingivitis. Quintessence Int. 2010 Nov-Dec;41(10):855-61.
40. Montiel-Company JM, Almerich-Silla JM. Efficacy of two antiplaque and antigingivitis treatments in a group of young mentally retarded patients. Med Oral. 2002 Mar-Apr;7(2):136-43.
41. Hioe KP, van der Weijden GA. The effectiveness of self-performed mechanical plaque control with triclosan containing dentifrices. Int J Dent Hyg. 2005 Nov;3(4):192-204.
42. Gilbert P, McBain A, Sreenivasan P. Common therapeutic approaches for the control of oral biofilms: microbiological safety and efficacy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007 Oct;13 Suppl 4:17-24.