Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) Lobectomy: Chest Disease Institute Experience
Keywords:
: video-assisted thoracic surgery, pulmonary lobectomyAbstract
Background: Improvements in surgical equipment have rendered video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) an effective means for thoracic surgeons. Nowadays several intrathoracic diseases can benefit from this approach. This development has expanded potential use and recently the technical feasibility of major lung resections by VATS has been demonstrated. The purpose of this report is to review our experience of VATS lobectomy.
Materials and Methods: From January 2001 to December 2005 we proposed VATS for major pulmonary resections with the following indications: benign lung lesions, solitary pulmonary mass and established stage 1-2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Results: Of 47 patients, we successfully performed VATS procedure in 38 cases. Final diagnoses included 27 primary lung cancers, one metastatic lung cancer, 5 bronchiectases, 2 tuberculoses, one cryptococcosis, one actinomycosis and one pulmonary sequestration. While in another 9 patients (19.1%) a conversion to conventional thoracotomy was required. There were 33 lobectomies, 4 bilobectomies and one pneumonectomy. In all unproved benign lesions, radical lymphadenectomy was performed. There was no mortality. The major complication is prolonged air leak which occurred in 5 patients (13%).
Conclusion: We believed that VATS in pulmonary lobectomy is a safe and effective approach. It has several benefits over standard thoracotomy other than smaller incision.
References
1. Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ, Sisler GE, Mackenzie JW. One hundred consecutive patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 54: 421-6.
2. Walker WS, CodispotiM, Soon SY, Stamenkovic S, Carnochan F, Pugh G. Long-term outcomes following VATS lobectomy for non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003; 23: 397-402.
3. McKenna RJ. Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery with mediastinal node sampling for lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107: 879-82.
4. Burfeind WR, D'Amico TA. Thoracoscopic Lobectomy. Op Tech Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 9: 98-114.
5. GharagozlooF, Tempesta B, Margolis M, Alexader EP. Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for stage 1 lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 1009-14.
6. Roviaro GC, Varoli F, Vergani C, Nucca O, Maciocco M, Grignani F. Long-term survival after videothoracoscopic lobectomy for stage 1 lung cancer. Chest 2004; 126: 725-32.
7. Lewis RJ. Simultaneously stapled lobectomy: a safe technique for video-assisted thoracic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995: 109: 619-25.
8. Yim AP. Video-assisted pulmonary resections. In: Pearson FG, Cooper JD, editors. Thoracic surgery. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2000; 1073-84.
9. Roviaro GC, Varoli F, Rebuffat C, et al. Major pulmonary resection: pneumonectomies and lobectomies. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 779-83.
10. Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, et al. Initial experience with video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56: 1248-53.
11. McKenna RJ, Fischel RJ, Wolf R, Wurnig P. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;10: 321-5
12.Tschernko EM, Hofer S, Bieglmayer C, Wisser W, Haider W. Video-assisted wedge resection/lobectomy vs conventional axillary thoracotomy. Chest 1996; 109: 1636-42.
13. Ohbuchi T, Morikawa T, Takeuchi E, Kato H. Lobectomy: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus posterolateral thoracotomy. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 46:519-22.
14. Sugiura H, Morikawa T, Kaji M, Sasamura Y, Kondo S, Katoh H. Long-term benefits for the quality of life after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients with lung cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 1999; 9: 403-8.
15. Demmy TL, Curtis JJ. Minimally invasive lobectomy directed toward frail and high-risk patients: a case control study. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68: 194-200.
16. Sugi K, Kaneda Y, Esato K. Video-assisted thoracoscoplc lobectomy achieves a satisfactory long-term prognosis in patients with clinical stage 1A lung cancer. World J Surg 2000;24:27-30.
17. Tajiri M, Maehara T, Nakayama H. Thoracoscopic lobectomy (non rib-spreading method): versus a video assisted lobectomy and a conventional thoracotomy. Kyobu Geka 2000;53:13-7.
18. Nakata M, Saeki H, Yokoyama N. Pulmonary function after lobectomy: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 934-41.
19. Yim AP, Wan S, Lee TW, Arifi AA. VATS lobectomy reduce cytokine responses compare with conventional surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 243-7.
20. Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, Rice TW. Lobectomy-video-assisted thoracic surgery versus muscle sparing thoracotomy. A randomized trial. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:997-1002.
21. Kawahara K, Iwasaki A, Shiraishi T, Okabayashi K, Shirakusa T. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for treating lung cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1997; 7:219-22.
22. Landreneau RJ, Hazelrigg SR, Mack MJ, et al. Postoperative pain-related morbidity: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 1285-9.
23. Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ, Sisley GE, Mackenzie JW. Video-assisted thoracic surgery resection of malignant lung tumors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104: 1679-87.
24. Inada K, Shirakusa T, Yoshinaga Y, et al. The role of video-assisted thoracic surgery for the treatment of lung cancer: lung lobectomy by thoracoscopy versus the standard thoracotomy approach. Int Surg 2000; 85: 6-12.
25. Nomori H, Horio H, Naruke T, Suemasu. What is the advantage of a thoracoscopic lobectomy over a limited thoracotomy procedure for lung cancer surgery? Ann thorac Surg 2001;72:879-84.
26. Fanta J. Video-assisted thoracic surgery-lobectomy, pneumonectomy. Rozhl Chir 1996; 75: 375-9.
27. Walker WS, Video-assisted thoracic surgery: pulmonary lobectomy. Semin Laparosc Surg 1996; 3: 233-44.
28. Inaoka M, Obama T, Kawaharada N. Video-assisted minithoracotomy versus conventional posterolateral thoracotomy for performing lobectomy of lung carcinomas. Kyobu Geka 2000; 53: 18-21.
29. Naghiro I, Andou A, Aoe M, et al. Pulmonary function, postoperative pain, and serum cytokine level after lobectomy: a comparison of VATS and conventional procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72: 362-5.
30. Kaseda S, Aoki T, Hangai N, Shimizu K. Better pulmonary function and prognosis with video-assisted thoracic surgery than with thoracotomy. Ann thorac Surg 2000; 70: 1644-6.
31. Nakajima J, Takamoto S, Kohno T, Ohtsuka T. Cost of videothoracoscopic surgery versus open resection for patients with lung carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 89 (Suppl 11):2497-501.
32. Koizumi K, Tanaka S, Haraguchi S, et al. Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary lung cancer: experience based on provisional indications. Surg Today 1998:28: 36-40.
33. Iwasaki A, Shirakusa T, Kawahara K, et al. Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery suitable for resection of primary lung cancer? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 45: 13-5.
34. Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ, Bocage JP, Widmann MD. Video-assisted thoracic surgery non rib spreading simultaneously stapled lobectomy. Chest 1999; 116: 1119-24.
35. Kaseda S, Hangai N, Yamamoto S, Kitano M. Lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer. Surg Endosc 1997; 11: 703-6
36. Kaseda S, Aoki T, Hangai N. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) Iobectomy: the Japanese experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 10: 300-4.
37. Sagawa M, Sato M, Sakurada A, et al. A prospective trial of systematic nodal dissection for lung cancer by video-assisted thoracic surgery: can it be perfect? Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:900-4.
38. Kaseda S, Aoki T. Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy in conjunction with lymphadenectomy for lung cancer. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 2002; 103: 717-21.
39. Kirby TJ, Rice TW. Thoracoscopic lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 784-6.
40. Coosemans W, Lerut TF, Van Raemdonck DE. Thoracoscopic surgery: the Belgian experience. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56:721-30.
41. Hermansson U, Konstantinov IE, Aren C. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy: the initial Swedish experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 10: 285-90.
42. Sugi K, Kaneda Y, Esato K. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy reduces cytokine production more than conventional open lobectomy. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 48: 161-5.
43. Solaini L, Prusciano F, Bagioni P, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery major pulmonary resections. Present experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20: 437-42.
44. Koshioishi Y, Oono Y, Goya T. Less invasive surgery for the small size peripheral lung cancer: an indication and a review of VATS lobectomy. Kyobu Geka 2001; 54: 947-50.
45. Koizumi K, Haraguchi S, Hirata T, et al. Video-assisted lobectomy in elderly lung cancer patients. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 50: 15-22.
46. Tatsumi A, Ueda Y. Video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer: is it a feasible operation for stage1 lung cancer? Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 51: 646-50.
47. Klena JW, Saari AF, Peterson DO, Collins C, Johnson JA. Combined video-assisted thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery and lobectomy in a high-risk patient. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 2079-80.
48. Ohtsuka T, Nomori H, Horio H, Naruke T, Suemasu K. Is major pulmonary resection by video-assisted thoracic surgery an adequate procedure in clinical stage 1 lung cancer? Chest 2004; 125:1742-6.
49. Shigemura N, Akashi A, Nakagiri T, et al. Complete versus assisted thoracoscopic approach: a prospective randomized trial comparing a variety of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy technique. Surg Endosc 2004;18:1492-7.
50. Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ. Video-assisted thoracic surgery non- rib spreading simultaneously stapled lobectomy (VATS(n) SSL). Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 10: 332-9.
51. Leschber G, Holinka G, Linder A. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy (VAMLA)-a method for systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003;24: 192-5.
52. McKenna RJ. New approaches to the minimally invasive treatment of lung cancer. Cancer J 2005: 11: 73-6.
53. Hazelrigg SR, Nunchuck SK, Locicero J. Video assisted thoracic surgery study group data. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:1039-44.
54. Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, Rice TW. Initial experience with video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56:1248-53.
55. Walker WS, Pugh GC, Craig SR, Carnochan FM. Continued experience with thoracoscopic major pulmonary resection. Int Surg 1996; 81: 255-8.
56. Walker WS. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy: the Edinburgh experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 10: 291-9.
57. McKenna RJ, Wolf RK, Brenner M, et al. Is lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery an adequate cancer operation? Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: 1903-8.
58. Nomori H, Ohtsuka T, Horio H, et al. Thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer with a largely fused fissure. Chest 2003;123: 619-22.
59. Sugi K, Hirazawa K, Matsuda E, Kaneda Y. Intrathoracic bleeding during video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy. Kyobu Geka 2003; 56: 928-31.
60. Maehara T, Takei H, Nishii T, et al, Intraoperative conversion and postoperative complication of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy for primary lung cancer Kyobu Geka 2003; 56:939-42.
61. Watanabe A, Osawa H, Watanabe T, et al. Complication of major lung resections by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Kyobu Geka 2003; 56: 943-8.
62. Daniel TM, Kern JA, Tribble CG, et al. Thoracoscopic surgery for diseases of the lung and pleura: effectiveness, changing indications, and limitations. Ann Surg 1993; 217:566-74.
63. Stammberger U, Steinacher C, Hillingger S, et al. Early and long-term complaints following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: evaluation in 1 73 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000; 18: 7-11.
64. Weber A, Stammberger U, Inci I, et al. Thoracoscopic lobectomy for benign disease - a single centre study on 64 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20: 443-8.
65. Lin TS, Lai CY, HO ML, Chou MC. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for right middle lobe bronchiectasis. Int Surg 2004;89:136-9.
66. Craig SR, Leaver HA, Yap PL, Pugh GC, Walker WS. Acute phase responses following minimal access and conventional thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20: 455-63.
67. Leaver HA, Cgaig SR, Yap PL, Walker WS. Lymphocyte responses following open and minimally invasive thoracic surgery. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30: 230-8.
68. Koizumi K, Haraguchi S, Hirai K, et al. Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer patients age 80 years or more. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;9:14-21.
2. Walker WS, CodispotiM, Soon SY, Stamenkovic S, Carnochan F, Pugh G. Long-term outcomes following VATS lobectomy for non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003; 23: 397-402.
3. McKenna RJ. Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery with mediastinal node sampling for lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107: 879-82.
4. Burfeind WR, D'Amico TA. Thoracoscopic Lobectomy. Op Tech Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 9: 98-114.
5. GharagozlooF, Tempesta B, Margolis M, Alexader EP. Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for stage 1 lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 1009-14.
6. Roviaro GC, Varoli F, Vergani C, Nucca O, Maciocco M, Grignani F. Long-term survival after videothoracoscopic lobectomy for stage 1 lung cancer. Chest 2004; 126: 725-32.
7. Lewis RJ. Simultaneously stapled lobectomy: a safe technique for video-assisted thoracic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995: 109: 619-25.
8. Yim AP. Video-assisted pulmonary resections. In: Pearson FG, Cooper JD, editors. Thoracic surgery. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2000; 1073-84.
9. Roviaro GC, Varoli F, Rebuffat C, et al. Major pulmonary resection: pneumonectomies and lobectomies. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 779-83.
10. Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, et al. Initial experience with video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56: 1248-53.
11. McKenna RJ, Fischel RJ, Wolf R, Wurnig P. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;10: 321-5
12.Tschernko EM, Hofer S, Bieglmayer C, Wisser W, Haider W. Video-assisted wedge resection/lobectomy vs conventional axillary thoracotomy. Chest 1996; 109: 1636-42.
13. Ohbuchi T, Morikawa T, Takeuchi E, Kato H. Lobectomy: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus posterolateral thoracotomy. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 46:519-22.
14. Sugiura H, Morikawa T, Kaji M, Sasamura Y, Kondo S, Katoh H. Long-term benefits for the quality of life after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients with lung cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 1999; 9: 403-8.
15. Demmy TL, Curtis JJ. Minimally invasive lobectomy directed toward frail and high-risk patients: a case control study. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68: 194-200.
16. Sugi K, Kaneda Y, Esato K. Video-assisted thoracoscoplc lobectomy achieves a satisfactory long-term prognosis in patients with clinical stage 1A lung cancer. World J Surg 2000;24:27-30.
17. Tajiri M, Maehara T, Nakayama H. Thoracoscopic lobectomy (non rib-spreading method): versus a video assisted lobectomy and a conventional thoracotomy. Kyobu Geka 2000;53:13-7.
18. Nakata M, Saeki H, Yokoyama N. Pulmonary function after lobectomy: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 934-41.
19. Yim AP, Wan S, Lee TW, Arifi AA. VATS lobectomy reduce cytokine responses compare with conventional surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 243-7.
20. Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, Rice TW. Lobectomy-video-assisted thoracic surgery versus muscle sparing thoracotomy. A randomized trial. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:997-1002.
21. Kawahara K, Iwasaki A, Shiraishi T, Okabayashi K, Shirakusa T. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for treating lung cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1997; 7:219-22.
22. Landreneau RJ, Hazelrigg SR, Mack MJ, et al. Postoperative pain-related morbidity: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 1285-9.
23. Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ, Sisley GE, Mackenzie JW. Video-assisted thoracic surgery resection of malignant lung tumors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104: 1679-87.
24. Inada K, Shirakusa T, Yoshinaga Y, et al. The role of video-assisted thoracic surgery for the treatment of lung cancer: lung lobectomy by thoracoscopy versus the standard thoracotomy approach. Int Surg 2000; 85: 6-12.
25. Nomori H, Horio H, Naruke T, Suemasu. What is the advantage of a thoracoscopic lobectomy over a limited thoracotomy procedure for lung cancer surgery? Ann thorac Surg 2001;72:879-84.
26. Fanta J. Video-assisted thoracic surgery-lobectomy, pneumonectomy. Rozhl Chir 1996; 75: 375-9.
27. Walker WS, Video-assisted thoracic surgery: pulmonary lobectomy. Semin Laparosc Surg 1996; 3: 233-44.
28. Inaoka M, Obama T, Kawaharada N. Video-assisted minithoracotomy versus conventional posterolateral thoracotomy for performing lobectomy of lung carcinomas. Kyobu Geka 2000; 53: 18-21.
29. Naghiro I, Andou A, Aoe M, et al. Pulmonary function, postoperative pain, and serum cytokine level after lobectomy: a comparison of VATS and conventional procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72: 362-5.
30. Kaseda S, Aoki T, Hangai N, Shimizu K. Better pulmonary function and prognosis with video-assisted thoracic surgery than with thoracotomy. Ann thorac Surg 2000; 70: 1644-6.
31. Nakajima J, Takamoto S, Kohno T, Ohtsuka T. Cost of videothoracoscopic surgery versus open resection for patients with lung carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 89 (Suppl 11):2497-501.
32. Koizumi K, Tanaka S, Haraguchi S, et al. Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary lung cancer: experience based on provisional indications. Surg Today 1998:28: 36-40.
33. Iwasaki A, Shirakusa T, Kawahara K, et al. Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery suitable for resection of primary lung cancer? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 45: 13-5.
34. Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ, Bocage JP, Widmann MD. Video-assisted thoracic surgery non rib spreading simultaneously stapled lobectomy. Chest 1999; 116: 1119-24.
35. Kaseda S, Hangai N, Yamamoto S, Kitano M. Lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer. Surg Endosc 1997; 11: 703-6
36. Kaseda S, Aoki T, Hangai N. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) Iobectomy: the Japanese experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 10: 300-4.
37. Sagawa M, Sato M, Sakurada A, et al. A prospective trial of systematic nodal dissection for lung cancer by video-assisted thoracic surgery: can it be perfect? Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:900-4.
38. Kaseda S, Aoki T. Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy in conjunction with lymphadenectomy for lung cancer. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 2002; 103: 717-21.
39. Kirby TJ, Rice TW. Thoracoscopic lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 784-6.
40. Coosemans W, Lerut TF, Van Raemdonck DE. Thoracoscopic surgery: the Belgian experience. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56:721-30.
41. Hermansson U, Konstantinov IE, Aren C. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy: the initial Swedish experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 10: 285-90.
42. Sugi K, Kaneda Y, Esato K. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy reduces cytokine production more than conventional open lobectomy. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 48: 161-5.
43. Solaini L, Prusciano F, Bagioni P, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery major pulmonary resections. Present experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20: 437-42.
44. Koshioishi Y, Oono Y, Goya T. Less invasive surgery for the small size peripheral lung cancer: an indication and a review of VATS lobectomy. Kyobu Geka 2001; 54: 947-50.
45. Koizumi K, Haraguchi S, Hirata T, et al. Video-assisted lobectomy in elderly lung cancer patients. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 50: 15-22.
46. Tatsumi A, Ueda Y. Video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer: is it a feasible operation for stage1 lung cancer? Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 51: 646-50.
47. Klena JW, Saari AF, Peterson DO, Collins C, Johnson JA. Combined video-assisted thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery and lobectomy in a high-risk patient. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 2079-80.
48. Ohtsuka T, Nomori H, Horio H, Naruke T, Suemasu K. Is major pulmonary resection by video-assisted thoracic surgery an adequate procedure in clinical stage 1 lung cancer? Chest 2004; 125:1742-6.
49. Shigemura N, Akashi A, Nakagiri T, et al. Complete versus assisted thoracoscopic approach: a prospective randomized trial comparing a variety of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy technique. Surg Endosc 2004;18:1492-7.
50. Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ. Video-assisted thoracic surgery non- rib spreading simultaneously stapled lobectomy (VATS(n) SSL). Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 10: 332-9.
51. Leschber G, Holinka G, Linder A. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy (VAMLA)-a method for systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003;24: 192-5.
52. McKenna RJ. New approaches to the minimally invasive treatment of lung cancer. Cancer J 2005: 11: 73-6.
53. Hazelrigg SR, Nunchuck SK, Locicero J. Video assisted thoracic surgery study group data. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:1039-44.
54. Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, Rice TW. Initial experience with video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56:1248-53.
55. Walker WS, Pugh GC, Craig SR, Carnochan FM. Continued experience with thoracoscopic major pulmonary resection. Int Surg 1996; 81: 255-8.
56. Walker WS. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy: the Edinburgh experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 10: 291-9.
57. McKenna RJ, Wolf RK, Brenner M, et al. Is lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery an adequate cancer operation? Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: 1903-8.
58. Nomori H, Ohtsuka T, Horio H, et al. Thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer with a largely fused fissure. Chest 2003;123: 619-22.
59. Sugi K, Hirazawa K, Matsuda E, Kaneda Y. Intrathoracic bleeding during video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy. Kyobu Geka 2003; 56: 928-31.
60. Maehara T, Takei H, Nishii T, et al, Intraoperative conversion and postoperative complication of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy for primary lung cancer Kyobu Geka 2003; 56:939-42.
61. Watanabe A, Osawa H, Watanabe T, et al. Complication of major lung resections by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Kyobu Geka 2003; 56: 943-8.
62. Daniel TM, Kern JA, Tribble CG, et al. Thoracoscopic surgery for diseases of the lung and pleura: effectiveness, changing indications, and limitations. Ann Surg 1993; 217:566-74.
63. Stammberger U, Steinacher C, Hillingger S, et al. Early and long-term complaints following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: evaluation in 1 73 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000; 18: 7-11.
64. Weber A, Stammberger U, Inci I, et al. Thoracoscopic lobectomy for benign disease - a single centre study on 64 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20: 443-8.
65. Lin TS, Lai CY, HO ML, Chou MC. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for right middle lobe bronchiectasis. Int Surg 2004;89:136-9.
66. Craig SR, Leaver HA, Yap PL, Pugh GC, Walker WS. Acute phase responses following minimal access and conventional thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20: 455-63.
67. Leaver HA, Cgaig SR, Yap PL, Walker WS. Lymphocyte responses following open and minimally invasive thoracic surgery. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30: 230-8.
68. Koizumi K, Haraguchi S, Hirai K, et al. Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer patients age 80 years or more. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;9:14-21.
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2006-03-31
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Kasemsarn C, Namthaisong K, Sungkahaphong V. Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) Lobectomy: Chest Disease Institute Experience. Thai J Surg [Internet]. 2006 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Nov. 23];27(1):42-8. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJSurg/article/view/242053
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