Surgical Treatment of CBD Stones
Abstract
With the current advances in laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery, common bile duct stones may be removed by endoscopic technique. But this technique is not available in most hospital in Thailand, so most Thai surgeons still have to confront with this problem frequently in their surgical practice.
There are several procedures to be considered after common bile duct exploration for common bile duct stones. Primary closure of the common bile duct, T-Tube drainage, Tramsduodenal sphincteroplasty, Supraduodenal choledochoduodenostomy and Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy are among the popular and useful procedures to deal with problems related to common bile duct exploration.
These procedures should not be considered as simple alternative or additional procedures because the indication for each is different, although with an area of overlap. The surgeons should select each procedure individually to best serve individual need of the patient and not to provide all patients with only one procedure for all circumstances.
References
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2. Stubbs RS, Blumgart L.H. Exploration of the common bile duct. JR Coll Surg Edinburgh. 1984; 29:76-9
3. Jakimowicz JJ, Cavol EJ, et al. An operative choledochoscopy using the flexible choledochoscope. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1986;162:216-9
4. Neoptolemos JP. Study of common bile duct exploration and endoscopic sphincterotomy in a consecutive series of 438 patients. Br J Surg 1987; 74:916-20
5. Sheridan WG., Williams H.O. L., Lewis MH. Morbidity and mortality of common bile duct exploration. Br J Surg 1987; 74:1095-9
6. Tompkins RK. Surgical managent of bile duct stones. Surg Clin North Am. 1990; 70:1329-39
7. De Rooves D., Vandervelees M., Gerard Y. Choledochotomy: Primary closure versus T-Tube. A prospective trial. Acta Chir Belg 1989; 89:320-4
8. Sorensen VJ, Buck JR, Chung SK, et al. Primary common bile duct closure following exploration. A effective alternative to routine biliary drainage. Am Surgeon 1990; 60:451-60
9. Chen SMS, Chou FF. Choledochotomy for biliary lithiasis: Is routine T-Tube Drainage necessary? A prospective controlled trial. Acta Chir Scan 1989; 106:387-90
10. Payne RA, Woods WGA, Primary suture or T-Tube drainage after choledochotomy. Ann R Coll of Surg Eng 1986; 68:196-8
11. Seale AK, Ledet WP. Primary common bile duct closure. Arch Surg 1999;134:22-4
12. Winston NE, Colby MGS, Lawson LJ., et al. Biliary peritonitis: a hazard of polyvinyl chloride T-Tubes. Lancet 1965; I:843-413.
13. Horgan P.G, Campbell AC, Gray GR, et al. Biliary leakage and peritonitis following removal of T-Tubes after bile duct exploration. Br J Surg 1989; 76:1296-7
14. Corbett CRR, Fyle NCH, Nicholls RJ, et al. Bile peritonitis after removal of T-Tubes from the common bile duct. Br J Surg 1986;73:641-3
15. Gillett DA, May RG, Kennedy R, et al. Complications of T-Tubes drainage of the common bile duct. Ann R. Coll Surg Engl 1985;67:370-1
16. Lygidakis NU. Hazards following T-Tube removal after choledochotomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1986; 163:153-5
17. Hacker KA, Schultz CC., Helling TS. Choledochotomy for calculous disease in the elderly. Am J Surg 1990; 160:610-3
18. Pappas TN, Slimane TB, Brooks DC. 100 consecutive common bile duct explorations without mortality. Ann Surg 1990; 211:260-2
19. Lygidakis NJ. Operative risk factors of cholecystectomy - choledochotomy in the elderly. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1983; 157:15-9
20. Burdiles P., Scendes A, Diaz JC et al. Factors affecting mortality in patients over 70 years of age submitted to surgery for gallbladder or common bile duct stones. Hepato - gastroenterol 1989;36:136-9
21. McSherry CK., Glenn F. The incidence and causes of death following surgery for non malignant biliary tract disease. Ann Surg 1980; 191:271-5
22. Doyle PJ., Ward-Mc. Quaid JN., McEween-Smith A. The value of routine peroperative cholangiography; a report of 4000 cholecystectomies. Br J Surg, 1982: 69:617-19
23. Girard RM, Legros G. Surgery of the Liver and Biliary tract. VI, Blumgart LH 1988 Cherfchill Livingstone, New York, P 581
24. Strom PR, Stone H.H. A technique for transduodenal sphincteroplasty. Surgery 1982; 92:546-50
25. Baker AR., Neoptolemos JP., Leese T., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy, transduodenal sphincteroplasty and sphincterotomy for calculi of the common bile duct. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1987;164:245-51
26. Gliedman ML., Gold MS. Maingot's Abdominal Operation 9th edi. Vol II 1990 P 1450-62
27. Ramirez P., Parrilla P., Bueno FS., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy and sphincterotomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Br J Surg 1994; 81:121-3
28. Jones, SA. Sphincteroplasty (not spincterotomy) in treatment of biliary tract disease. Surg Clin North Am 1973: 53:1123-37
29. Vogt DP, Herman RG. Choledochoduodenostomy, choledochojejunostomy or sphincteroplasty for biliary and pancreatic disease. Ann Surg 1981; 193:161-8
30. Jones SA. The prevention and treatment of recurrent bile duct stones by transduodenal sphincteroplasty. World J Surg 1978;2:473-85
31. Nardi GL., Michelassi F., Zannini P. Transduodenal sphincteroplasty 5-25 year follow-up of 89 patients. Ann Surg 1983;194:282-5
32. Lygidakis NJ. A prospective randomized study of recurrent choledocholithiasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1982; 155:679-84
33. Baker AR, Neoptolemos JP, Leese T, et al. Long term follow-up of patients with side to side choledochoduodenostomy and transduodenal sphincteroplasty. Ann R Coll of Surg Eng 1987;68:253-7
34. Sellner FJ, Wimberger M, Jelinek R. Factors affecting mortality in transduodenal sphincteroplasty. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1988; 167:23-7
35. Speranza V., Legoche E., Minesvihi S., et al. Transduodenal papillotomy as a routine procedure in managing choledocholitihiasis. Arch Surg 1982; 117:85-8
36. Reimann JF., Lux G., Goerster P., et al. Long term results after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopy 1983; 15:165-8
37. Peel A., Hermon-Taylor J., Ritchic H. Technique of Transduodenal exploration of the common bile duct. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1974; 55:236-44
38. Ratych RE. Transduodenal exploration of the common bile duct in patients with nondilated ducts. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991; 173:49-53
39. White TT., Hait HJ, Cholangiography and small duct injury. Am J surg 1985:149:640-3
40. Mendes de Almeida A., Ginestal Cruz A., Aldela FJ. Side-to-Side choledochoduodenostomy in the management of choledocholithiasis and associated disease:fact and fiction. Am J Surg 1984;147:253-9
41. Cubillos L., Fiallo R., Rodiguez J. Is choledochoduodenostomy in the treatment of stones in the common bile duct an absolete technique? World J Surg 1985; 9:484-92
42. Degenshein GA., Choledochoduodenostomy: An 18 year study of 175 consecutive cases. Surgery 1974; 76:319-24
43. Capper WM. External choledochoduodenostomy: An evaluation of 125 cases. Br J Surg 1961; 49:292
44. Madden JL., Chun JY., Kandalaft s., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy: an unjustify maligned surgical procedure ? Am J Surg 1970; 119: 40 - 54
45. Lygidakis NJ. Acute septic cholangitis: results and experience following choledochoduodenostomy versus T- Tube drainage. Am J Surg 1982; 143:303-6
46. Berlatzki Y., Freund H. Choledochoduodenostomy in the treatment of benign biliary tract disease. Am J Surg 1980; 141 : m90-3
47. Allen B., Shapiro H., Way W. Management of recurrent and residual common bile duct stones. Am J Surg 1981; 14:41-7
48. Deutsch AA., Nudelman I., Gutman H., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy an important surgical tool in the management of common bile duct stones. A review of 26 cases. Eur J Surg 1991;157:531-3
49. Huguier M., Lacaine F., Houry S., et al, Choledochoduodenostomy for calculous biliary tract disease. Arch Surg 1985; 147:253-9
50. Ramirez P., Parrilla P., Bueno Fs., et al. Long term results of surgical sphincterotomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 19963; 1276:246-250
51. Scheim CJ., Gliedman ML. Choledochoduodenostomy as an adjcuct to choledochotomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981; 152:797-804
52. Thorbjarnarson B. Surgery of the biliary trces. 2nd edi. WB. Saunder company. Philadelphia. 1982
53. Kraus MA., Wilson SD. Choledochoduodenostomy: Importance of common duct size and occurrence of cholangitis. Arch Surg 1980;115:1212-3
54. Parilla P., Ramirez PS., Bueno F., et al. Long-term results of choledochoduodenostomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis: assessment of 225 cases. Br J Surg 1991; 78:470-2
55. Birkenfeld S., Serour F., Levi S., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy for benign and malignant biliary tract disease. Surgery 1988;103:408-10
56. Lygidakis NJ. Choledochoduodenostomy versus T-Tube drainage after choledochotomy. Am J Surg 1983; 145:636-9
57. Panis Y., Fagniez PL., Brisset D., et al. Long term results of choledochoduodenostomy versus choledochojejunostomyfor choledocholithiasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 177:33-7
58. Escudero-Fabre A., Escallor A., Saek J. et al. Choledochoduodenostomy. An analysis of 71 cases followed for 5 to 15 years. Ann Surg. 1991; 21 3:635-44
59. Mosegaard F., Nielson ML., Redensen et al. Prospective choledochoduodenostomy in multiple com mon duct stones in the aged. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1982; 155:232-4
60. Gaskill H.V., Levine BA., Sarinek KR., et al. Frequency and indication for choledochoduodenostomy in benign biliary tract disease. Reassessment of therpeutte application. Am J Surg 1982;144:682-4
61. Rat P., Baert D., Arveux P,, et al. Results of bilio-digestive derivative procedures for benign lesions. Hepato-Gastroenterol 1993;40:123-5
62. Lygidakis NJ. Choledochoduodenostomy in calculous biliary tract disease. Br J Surg 1981; 68:762-5
63. Mihmanli M., Isgor A., Erzurumlu K., et al. Longterm results of choledochoduodenostomy and T-tube drainage. Hepato-Gastro-enterology 1996;43:1480-3
64. Matthews JB., Baer H.u., Schweiger WP, et al. Recurrent cholangitis with and without anastomotic stricture after biliary-enteric bypass. Arch Surg 1993; 128:269 -72
65. Blair III AJ., Leung JWC., Cootton PB. Endoscopic treatment of stomal stenosis after choledochoduodenostomy: preliminary re-port. Surgery 1985;97:487-9
66. Teplick SK., Wolfert CC., Hayees MF ., et al Balloon dilatation of benign post surgical biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures. Gastrointest Radiol 1982;7:307-10
67. Siegel JH., Gullrund M. Endoscopic cholangiopancreatoplasty: Hydrostatic balloon dilatation in the bile duct and pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 1983;29:99-103
68. Siegel JH. Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of the çsump syndromeé. Dig Dis Sci 1981;26:922-8
69. Akiyama H., Ikegawa H., Kameya S., et al. Unexpected problem of external choledochoduodenostomy Am J Surg 1980;1 40:660-5
70. Baker Ar., Neoptolemos JP., Carr-Locke DL., et al. Sump syndrome following choledochoduodenostomy and its endoscopic treatment. Br J Surg 1985; 72:433-5
71. Marbet UA., Stalder GA., Faust H. et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and surgical approachs in the treatment of the sump syndrome. Gut 1987; 28:1 42-5
72. Barkin JS., Silvis S., Greenwald R., Endoscopic therapy for the çsump syndromeé. Dig Dis Sci 1980; 25:597-601
73. Tanaka M., Ikeda S., Yoshimoto H. Endoscopic sphincterotomy for the measurement of biliary sump syndrome. Surgery 1983;93:264-267
74. Polydorou A., Dowsett JF., Vaira D., et al Endoscopic therapy of sump syndrome. Endoscopy 1989; 21:126-30
75. Lorusso D., Pezolla C., Giorgio P,, et al Duodenogastric reflux and gastric histology after cholecystectomy with or without sphincteroplasty. Br J Surg 1990; 77:1305-1307
76. Lujan-Mom pean JA., Torralba-Martinez JA., Parrila-Paricio P., et al. Quantification of duodenosgastric reflux in patients with choledochoduodenostomy. J Am Coll Surg 1994; 179:193-6
77. Bismuth H., Franco D., Corlette MB., et al. Long term results of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1978; 149:161-7
78. Kajiwara T., Suzuki T. Effect of biliary diversion on exocrine pancreas. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1978; 147:343-9
79. Menguy R. Effect of biliary diversion from the small intestine on gastric secretory activity on dogs, Gastroenterology 191; 41 :568-571
80. Pappalardo G., Correnti S., Mobarhan S., et al. Long term result of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejuno-duodenostomy. Ann Surg 1982; 196:149-52
81. Tompkins RK., Johnson J., Storn FK., et al. Opeartive endoscopy in the management of biliary tract neoplasm. Am J Surg 1976;132:174-8
82. Stefanini P., Carboni M., Patrassi N., et al. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy:a reappraisal of is indications and results. Ann Surg 1975; 181:213-9
83. Bismuth H., Franco D., Corlette MB., et al. Long term results of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1978;146:161-7
2. Stubbs RS, Blumgart L.H. Exploration of the common bile duct. JR Coll Surg Edinburgh. 1984; 29:76-9
3. Jakimowicz JJ, Cavol EJ, et al. An operative choledochoscopy using the flexible choledochoscope. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1986;162:216-9
4. Neoptolemos JP. Study of common bile duct exploration and endoscopic sphincterotomy in a consecutive series of 438 patients. Br J Surg 1987; 74:916-20
5. Sheridan WG., Williams H.O. L., Lewis MH. Morbidity and mortality of common bile duct exploration. Br J Surg 1987; 74:1095-9
6. Tompkins RK. Surgical managent of bile duct stones. Surg Clin North Am. 1990; 70:1329-39
7. De Rooves D., Vandervelees M., Gerard Y. Choledochotomy: Primary closure versus T-Tube. A prospective trial. Acta Chir Belg 1989; 89:320-4
8. Sorensen VJ, Buck JR, Chung SK, et al. Primary common bile duct closure following exploration. A effective alternative to routine biliary drainage. Am Surgeon 1990; 60:451-60
9. Chen SMS, Chou FF. Choledochotomy for biliary lithiasis: Is routine T-Tube Drainage necessary? A prospective controlled trial. Acta Chir Scan 1989; 106:387-90
10. Payne RA, Woods WGA, Primary suture or T-Tube drainage after choledochotomy. Ann R Coll of Surg Eng 1986; 68:196-8
11. Seale AK, Ledet WP. Primary common bile duct closure. Arch Surg 1999;134:22-4
12. Winston NE, Colby MGS, Lawson LJ., et al. Biliary peritonitis: a hazard of polyvinyl chloride T-Tubes. Lancet 1965; I:843-413.
13. Horgan P.G, Campbell AC, Gray GR, et al. Biliary leakage and peritonitis following removal of T-Tubes after bile duct exploration. Br J Surg 1989; 76:1296-7
14. Corbett CRR, Fyle NCH, Nicholls RJ, et al. Bile peritonitis after removal of T-Tubes from the common bile duct. Br J Surg 1986;73:641-3
15. Gillett DA, May RG, Kennedy R, et al. Complications of T-Tubes drainage of the common bile duct. Ann R. Coll Surg Engl 1985;67:370-1
16. Lygidakis NU. Hazards following T-Tube removal after choledochotomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1986; 163:153-5
17. Hacker KA, Schultz CC., Helling TS. Choledochotomy for calculous disease in the elderly. Am J Surg 1990; 160:610-3
18. Pappas TN, Slimane TB, Brooks DC. 100 consecutive common bile duct explorations without mortality. Ann Surg 1990; 211:260-2
19. Lygidakis NJ. Operative risk factors of cholecystectomy - choledochotomy in the elderly. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1983; 157:15-9
20. Burdiles P., Scendes A, Diaz JC et al. Factors affecting mortality in patients over 70 years of age submitted to surgery for gallbladder or common bile duct stones. Hepato - gastroenterol 1989;36:136-9
21. McSherry CK., Glenn F. The incidence and causes of death following surgery for non malignant biliary tract disease. Ann Surg 1980; 191:271-5
22. Doyle PJ., Ward-Mc. Quaid JN., McEween-Smith A. The value of routine peroperative cholangiography; a report of 4000 cholecystectomies. Br J Surg, 1982: 69:617-19
23. Girard RM, Legros G. Surgery of the Liver and Biliary tract. VI, Blumgart LH 1988 Cherfchill Livingstone, New York, P 581
24. Strom PR, Stone H.H. A technique for transduodenal sphincteroplasty. Surgery 1982; 92:546-50
25. Baker AR., Neoptolemos JP., Leese T., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy, transduodenal sphincteroplasty and sphincterotomy for calculi of the common bile duct. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1987;164:245-51
26. Gliedman ML., Gold MS. Maingot's Abdominal Operation 9th edi. Vol II 1990 P 1450-62
27. Ramirez P., Parrilla P., Bueno FS., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy and sphincterotomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Br J Surg 1994; 81:121-3
28. Jones, SA. Sphincteroplasty (not spincterotomy) in treatment of biliary tract disease. Surg Clin North Am 1973: 53:1123-37
29. Vogt DP, Herman RG. Choledochoduodenostomy, choledochojejunostomy or sphincteroplasty for biliary and pancreatic disease. Ann Surg 1981; 193:161-8
30. Jones SA. The prevention and treatment of recurrent bile duct stones by transduodenal sphincteroplasty. World J Surg 1978;2:473-85
31. Nardi GL., Michelassi F., Zannini P. Transduodenal sphincteroplasty 5-25 year follow-up of 89 patients. Ann Surg 1983;194:282-5
32. Lygidakis NJ. A prospective randomized study of recurrent choledocholithiasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1982; 155:679-84
33. Baker AR, Neoptolemos JP, Leese T, et al. Long term follow-up of patients with side to side choledochoduodenostomy and transduodenal sphincteroplasty. Ann R Coll of Surg Eng 1987;68:253-7
34. Sellner FJ, Wimberger M, Jelinek R. Factors affecting mortality in transduodenal sphincteroplasty. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1988; 167:23-7
35. Speranza V., Legoche E., Minesvihi S., et al. Transduodenal papillotomy as a routine procedure in managing choledocholitihiasis. Arch Surg 1982; 117:85-8
36. Reimann JF., Lux G., Goerster P., et al. Long term results after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopy 1983; 15:165-8
37. Peel A., Hermon-Taylor J., Ritchic H. Technique of Transduodenal exploration of the common bile duct. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1974; 55:236-44
38. Ratych RE. Transduodenal exploration of the common bile duct in patients with nondilated ducts. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991; 173:49-53
39. White TT., Hait HJ, Cholangiography and small duct injury. Am J surg 1985:149:640-3
40. Mendes de Almeida A., Ginestal Cruz A., Aldela FJ. Side-to-Side choledochoduodenostomy in the management of choledocholithiasis and associated disease:fact and fiction. Am J Surg 1984;147:253-9
41. Cubillos L., Fiallo R., Rodiguez J. Is choledochoduodenostomy in the treatment of stones in the common bile duct an absolete technique? World J Surg 1985; 9:484-92
42. Degenshein GA., Choledochoduodenostomy: An 18 year study of 175 consecutive cases. Surgery 1974; 76:319-24
43. Capper WM. External choledochoduodenostomy: An evaluation of 125 cases. Br J Surg 1961; 49:292
44. Madden JL., Chun JY., Kandalaft s., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy: an unjustify maligned surgical procedure ? Am J Surg 1970; 119: 40 - 54
45. Lygidakis NJ. Acute septic cholangitis: results and experience following choledochoduodenostomy versus T- Tube drainage. Am J Surg 1982; 143:303-6
46. Berlatzki Y., Freund H. Choledochoduodenostomy in the treatment of benign biliary tract disease. Am J Surg 1980; 141 : m90-3
47. Allen B., Shapiro H., Way W. Management of recurrent and residual common bile duct stones. Am J Surg 1981; 14:41-7
48. Deutsch AA., Nudelman I., Gutman H., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy an important surgical tool in the management of common bile duct stones. A review of 26 cases. Eur J Surg 1991;157:531-3
49. Huguier M., Lacaine F., Houry S., et al, Choledochoduodenostomy for calculous biliary tract disease. Arch Surg 1985; 147:253-9
50. Ramirez P., Parrilla P., Bueno Fs., et al. Long term results of surgical sphincterotomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 19963; 1276:246-250
51. Scheim CJ., Gliedman ML. Choledochoduodenostomy as an adjcuct to choledochotomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981; 152:797-804
52. Thorbjarnarson B. Surgery of the biliary trces. 2nd edi. WB. Saunder company. Philadelphia. 1982
53. Kraus MA., Wilson SD. Choledochoduodenostomy: Importance of common duct size and occurrence of cholangitis. Arch Surg 1980;115:1212-3
54. Parilla P., Ramirez PS., Bueno F., et al. Long-term results of choledochoduodenostomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis: assessment of 225 cases. Br J Surg 1991; 78:470-2
55. Birkenfeld S., Serour F., Levi S., et al. Choledochoduodenostomy for benign and malignant biliary tract disease. Surgery 1988;103:408-10
56. Lygidakis NJ. Choledochoduodenostomy versus T-Tube drainage after choledochotomy. Am J Surg 1983; 145:636-9
57. Panis Y., Fagniez PL., Brisset D., et al. Long term results of choledochoduodenostomy versus choledochojejunostomyfor choledocholithiasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 177:33-7
58. Escudero-Fabre A., Escallor A., Saek J. et al. Choledochoduodenostomy. An analysis of 71 cases followed for 5 to 15 years. Ann Surg. 1991; 21 3:635-44
59. Mosegaard F., Nielson ML., Redensen et al. Prospective choledochoduodenostomy in multiple com mon duct stones in the aged. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1982; 155:232-4
60. Gaskill H.V., Levine BA., Sarinek KR., et al. Frequency and indication for choledochoduodenostomy in benign biliary tract disease. Reassessment of therpeutte application. Am J Surg 1982;144:682-4
61. Rat P., Baert D., Arveux P,, et al. Results of bilio-digestive derivative procedures for benign lesions. Hepato-Gastroenterol 1993;40:123-5
62. Lygidakis NJ. Choledochoduodenostomy in calculous biliary tract disease. Br J Surg 1981; 68:762-5
63. Mihmanli M., Isgor A., Erzurumlu K., et al. Longterm results of choledochoduodenostomy and T-tube drainage. Hepato-Gastro-enterology 1996;43:1480-3
64. Matthews JB., Baer H.u., Schweiger WP, et al. Recurrent cholangitis with and without anastomotic stricture after biliary-enteric bypass. Arch Surg 1993; 128:269 -72
65. Blair III AJ., Leung JWC., Cootton PB. Endoscopic treatment of stomal stenosis after choledochoduodenostomy: preliminary re-port. Surgery 1985;97:487-9
66. Teplick SK., Wolfert CC., Hayees MF ., et al Balloon dilatation of benign post surgical biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures. Gastrointest Radiol 1982;7:307-10
67. Siegel JH., Gullrund M. Endoscopic cholangiopancreatoplasty: Hydrostatic balloon dilatation in the bile duct and pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 1983;29:99-103
68. Siegel JH. Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of the çsump syndromeé. Dig Dis Sci 1981;26:922-8
69. Akiyama H., Ikegawa H., Kameya S., et al. Unexpected problem of external choledochoduodenostomy Am J Surg 1980;1 40:660-5
70. Baker Ar., Neoptolemos JP., Carr-Locke DL., et al. Sump syndrome following choledochoduodenostomy and its endoscopic treatment. Br J Surg 1985; 72:433-5
71. Marbet UA., Stalder GA., Faust H. et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and surgical approachs in the treatment of the sump syndrome. Gut 1987; 28:1 42-5
72. Barkin JS., Silvis S., Greenwald R., Endoscopic therapy for the çsump syndromeé. Dig Dis Sci 1980; 25:597-601
73. Tanaka M., Ikeda S., Yoshimoto H. Endoscopic sphincterotomy for the measurement of biliary sump syndrome. Surgery 1983;93:264-267
74. Polydorou A., Dowsett JF., Vaira D., et al Endoscopic therapy of sump syndrome. Endoscopy 1989; 21:126-30
75. Lorusso D., Pezolla C., Giorgio P,, et al Duodenogastric reflux and gastric histology after cholecystectomy with or without sphincteroplasty. Br J Surg 1990; 77:1305-1307
76. Lujan-Mom pean JA., Torralba-Martinez JA., Parrila-Paricio P., et al. Quantification of duodenosgastric reflux in patients with choledochoduodenostomy. J Am Coll Surg 1994; 179:193-6
77. Bismuth H., Franco D., Corlette MB., et al. Long term results of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1978; 149:161-7
78. Kajiwara T., Suzuki T. Effect of biliary diversion on exocrine pancreas. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1978; 147:343-9
79. Menguy R. Effect of biliary diversion from the small intestine on gastric secretory activity on dogs, Gastroenterology 191; 41 :568-571
80. Pappalardo G., Correnti S., Mobarhan S., et al. Long term result of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejuno-duodenostomy. Ann Surg 1982; 196:149-52
81. Tompkins RK., Johnson J., Storn FK., et al. Opeartive endoscopy in the management of biliary tract neoplasm. Am J Surg 1976;132:174-8
82. Stefanini P., Carboni M., Patrassi N., et al. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy:a reappraisal of is indications and results. Ann Surg 1975; 181:213-9
83. Bismuth H., Franco D., Corlette MB., et al. Long term results of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1978;146:161-7
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1998-06-30
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Euanorasetr C. Surgical Treatment of CBD Stones. Thai J Surg [Internet]. 1998 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Apr. 27];19(2):51-62. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJSurg/article/view/250024
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