Helicobacter pylori : Basic and surgical practice
Keywords:
H. pylori, surgical practiceAbstract
Since the discovery of H. pylori in early 1980s, this organism became the most popular topic for gastroenterologist discussed until now. Advances in the understanding of H. pylori infection have revealed this organism can cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and recurrence of peptic ulcers. Close correlation between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer incidence was also reported, and IARC/WHO defined H. pylori infection as a definite carcinogenesis in 1994. H. pylori infection in our country is common and still regards Thailand as the endermic area. There are several data from many part of Thailand confirmed this fact since eight years ago. However, a few surgeon have become interested in this organism in according to it's role in the induction of gastroduodenal pathology.
This article had been made for reviewing the basic knowledge and clinical application especially for the surgical practice that may be useful for starting the treatment and study in this field. These included how to cure the peptic ulcer and prevent the recurrence after it's complications such as bleeding and perforation. It also pointed out the role in the induction of gastritis in the residual stomach that might relate to the recurrence of gastric cancer after cure resection and the possible of transmission of this organism during gastroscope procedure. And it's time for the surgeon to prevent the gastroduodenal disease that we was usually consulted for operation, not only to treat the disease.
References
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Epithels zu dem Oberflachenepithel der Schleimhaut. Arch f mikr Anat 1893:42:82 (cited in (Marshall:
Campylobacter pylori and gastritis. J Inf Dis 1986:153:650-70)).
2. Salomon H. Ueber das Spirillum des Saugetiermagens und sein Verhalten zu den Belegzellen. Zentralbl Bakterio 1896;19:433-42 (cited in').
3. Doenges JL. Spirochetes in the gastric glands of macacus rhesus and of man without related disease. Arch Pathol 1939:27:469-77 (cited in).
4. Freedburg AS, Barron LE. The presence of spirochetes in human gastric mucosa. Am J Dig Dis 1940;7:44-5 (cited in [6] ).
5. Steer HW. Colin-Jones DG. Mucosal changes in gastric ulceration and their response to carbenoxolone sodium. Gut 1975:16:590.
6. Warren JR, Marshall B. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis.
Lancet 1983:1:1273-5 [letter].
7. Romaniuk PJ, Zoltowska B. Trust D, et al. Campylobacter pylori, the spiral bacterium associated
with human gastritis, is not a true Campylobacter sp. J Bacterio 1987:169:2137.
8. Goodwin cs, Armstrong JA. Chilvers T, et al. Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov., respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989,39:397- 405.
9. Kuipers EJ, Perez-Perez Gl, Meuwisseh SGM, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and atrophic gastritis: Importance of the cagA status. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995:87:1777-80.
1O. Atherton JC, Cao P, Peek RMJr, et al. Mosaicism in vacuolation cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration. J Bio! C 1995;270(30):17771-7.
11. Blaser MJ, Perez-Perez Gl, Kleanthuos H, et al. Infection with Helicobacter pylori strains possessing cagA is associated with an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Cancer Res 1995:55:2111-5.
12. Matsukura N, Onda M, Kato S, et al. Cytotoxin genes of Helicobacter pylori in chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. An age and gender matched case-control study. Jon J Cancer Res 1997;88:532-6 .
13. The EUROGAST Study Group. Epidemiology and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection among 3194 asymptomatic subjects in 17 populations. Gut 1993:34:1681-2.
14. Blaser MJ, Parsonnet J. Parasitism by the"slow" bacterium Helicobacter pylori leads to altered gastric homeostasis and neoplasia. J Clin Investigation 1994:94(1):4-8 [(Review].
15. Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ. Attemp to fullfll Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. Med J Aust 1985;142:436-9.
16. Morris A, Nicholson G. Ingestion of Campylobacter pyloridis causes gastritis and raised fasting gastric pH. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82:192-9.
17. Graham DY. Helicobacter pylori: its epidemiology and its role in duodenal ulcer disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991;6:105-13.
18. Correa P. Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol 1995:19(suppll):S37-S43.
19. Caselli M. Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer. Histopathological point of view. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91(7):1473-5 [letter]
20. International Agency for Reserch on Cancer. World Health Organization: Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 1994:61:218-20.
21. Shibata T, Imoto 1, Ohuchi Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric carcinoma in biopsy and surgical resection specimens. Cancer 1996,77:1044-9
22. Forman D, Webb P, Parsonnet J. H. pylori and gastric cancer. Lancet 1994:343:243-4 [letter].
23. Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and the pathogenesis of gastro-duodenal inflammation. J Infec Dis 1990:161:626-33.
24. Genta RM, Hammer SW, Graham DY. Gastric lymphoid follicles in Helicobacter pylori infection: Frequency, distribution and response to triple therapy. Hum Pathol 1993;24:577-83.
25. Carlson SJ. Yakoo H, Vanagunas A. Progression of gastritis to monoclonal B-cell lymphoma with resolution and recurrence following eradication of Helicobacter pylori. JAMA 1996;275:937-9.
26. Daskapoulos G, Carrick J, Warburton V, O'Rourke J, Lee A. On-the spot detection of H. pylori infection: Phase contrast microscopy versus rapid urease testing. Am J Gastroenterol 1994:89:1350 [Abstract].
27. Valentine JW, Arthur RR, Mobley HLT, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori by using the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1991:29:689-95.
28. Matsukura N, Onda M, Tokunaga A, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in gastric juice by the polymerase chain reaction: Comparison with findings in bacterial culture and the detection of tissue lgA and serum IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori. J Gastoenterol 1995;30: 689-95.
29. Matsukura N, Onda M, Tokunaga A, et al. Tissue lgA antibody against Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastroduodenal Diseases: Comparison with bacterial culture, serum IgG antibody, and [13C]Urea breath test. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995:21(Suppl l):S146-S150.
30. Matsukura N, Onda M, Tokunaga A, et al. Mucosal IgA antibody against Helicobacter pylori in the chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia detected by Tes-Tape method in the resected stomach for gastric cancer. Cancer 1995:75:1472-7.
31. Logan RPH. Breath tests to detect Helicobacter pylori. In Helicobacter pylori: biology and clinical practice. Edited by Goodwin CS, Worsley BW. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1993:307-27.
32. Thijs WJ, Thijs JC, Kleibeuker JH, et al. Evaluation of clinical and home performance of the 13C-urea
breath test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995;7:603-7.
33. Treiber G. The influence of drug dosage on Helicobacter pylori eradication: a cost-effective analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1996:91(2):246-57.
34. Weil J, Bell GD, Jones PH, et al. 'Eradication' of Campylobacter pylori: are we being misled? Lancet
1988:2(8622):1245 [letter].
35.Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, Francis GJ, et al. Antibacterial action of bismuth in relation to Campylobacter pyloridis colonization and gastritis. Digestion 1987;37:16-30.
36. Rauws EAJ, Langenberg W, Houthoff Hu, et al. Campvlobacter pyloridis-associated chronic active
antral gastritis. Gastroenterol 1988:94:33-40.
37. Marshall BJ, Valenzuela JE, McCallum RW, et al. A placebo controlled trial of bismuth subsalicylate for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Gastroenterol 1990;98:A83 [Abstract].
38. Unge P, et al. Omeprazole and amoxicillin in patients with duodenal ulcer, Helicobacter pylori eradication and remission of ulcers and symptoms during a six month follow-up. Double blind comparative study: Gastroenterol 1992;102:A183 [Abstract].
39. Matsukura N. Onda M, Shirakawa T, et al. H. pylori eradication with lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and polaprezinc: novel mucosal protective agent. Helicobacter 1996:1(4):A08 [Abstract].
40. Gorbach SL. Bismuth therapy in gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterol 1990:99:863-75.
41. Unge P. Review of Helicobacter pylori regimens. Scand J gastroenterol 1996:31(Supp! 215):74-81.
42. Walsh JH, Peterson WL. The treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in the management of peptic ulcer disease. N Eng J Med 1995,333:984-91.
43. Kimura K, ldo K, Saifuku K, et al. A t-h topical therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J gastroenterol 1995:90:60-3.
44. Przytulski K, Regula J, Marex A, et al. Omeprazole plus amoxicillin V/S one-hour topical Jichi method for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients. Helicobacter 1996;1(4):A09[Abstract).
45. NIH Consensus development panel on Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. JAMA 1994:272:1:65-71.
46. European Helicobacter pylori Study Group (EHPSG). Copenhagen, Denmark, October, 1996.
47. Forbes GM, Glaser ME, Cullen DJE. et al. Duodenal ulcer treated with Helicobacter pylori eradication: seven year follow-up. Lancet 1994:343:258-60.
48. Burette A. Re-infection or Recrudescence of Helicobacter pylori. form H. pylori Scientific Advances and Clinical Implications: Program guide in A Satellite Symposium of the IX International Workshop on Gastroduodenal Pathology and Helicobacter pylori. Copenhagen, Denmark, October, 1996.
49. Penn I. The declining role of the surgeon in the treatment of acid-peptic ulcer diseases. Arch Surg 1980:115:134-5.
50. Labenz J, Borsch G. Highly significant change of the clinical course of relapsing and complicated peptic ulcer disease after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:1785-88.
51. Seppala K, Pikkarainen P, Sipponen P. et al. Cure of peptic gastric ulcer associated with eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1995;36:834-7.
52. Labenz J, Gyenes E, Ruhl GH, Borsch G. Role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Gastroenterol 1993;104:A126 [Abstract].
53. Graham DY, Hepp KS, Ramirez FC, et al. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori reduces the rate of rebleeding in peptic ulcer disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993;28:939-42.
54. Reinbach DH, Cruickshank G, McColl KEL. Acute perforated duodenal ulcer is not associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1993:34:1344-7.
55. Matsukura N. Onda M, Tokunaga A, et al. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in perforation of peptic ulcer: An age and gender matched case-control study. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997 (in press).
56. Fisher SG, Davis F, Nelson R, et al. A cohort study of stomach cancer risk in men after gastric surgery for benign disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1303-10.
57. O'Conner HJ, Newbold KM, Alexander-Williams J, et al. Effect of Roux-en-Y biliary diversion on Campylobacter pylori. Gastroenterol 1989;97:958-64.
58. Tomtitchong P, Onda M, Matsukura N, et al., Helicobacter pylori infection in the remnant stomach after gastrectomy: with special reference to the difference between Billroth I and Il anastomoses. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998 (in press).
59. Burden WR, Hodges RP, Hsu M. OLeary JP, Alkaline reflux gastritis. Surg Clin North Am 1991:71:33-44.
60. Han SW. Evans DG. El-zaatari FAK, et al. The interaction of pH, bile, and Helicobacter pylori may explain duodenal ulcer. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:1135-37.
61. Heresbach D. Raoul JL. Bretagns JF, et al. Helicobacter pylori : A risk and severity factor of non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastropathy. Gut 1992;33:1608-11.
62. Taha AS, Nakshabendi l, Lee FD, et al. Chemical gastritis and Helicobacter pylori related gastritis in patients receiving non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs: Comparison and correlation with peptic ulceration. J clin Pathol 1992;45:135-9.
63. Laine L. Helicobacter pylori, gastric ulcer and agents noxious to the gastric mucosa. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993;22:117-26.
64. Thurmer HL. Flaaten B, Erichsen KE, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in non-ulcer dyspeptic and ulcer patients: determinants and consequences in real life: Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:744-8.
65. Graham DY, Alpert LC, Smith JL. Yoshimura HH. latrogenic Campylobacter pylori infection is a cause of epidermic achlorhydria. Am J Gastroenterol 1988;83:974-80.
66. Mitchell HM, Lee A, Carrick J. Increased incidence of Campylobacter pylori infection in gastroenterologists: further evidence to support person-to-person transmission of C. pylori. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989:24:396-400.
Epithels zu dem Oberflachenepithel der Schleimhaut. Arch f mikr Anat 1893:42:82 (cited in (Marshall:
Campylobacter pylori and gastritis. J Inf Dis 1986:153:650-70)).
2. Salomon H. Ueber das Spirillum des Saugetiermagens und sein Verhalten zu den Belegzellen. Zentralbl Bakterio 1896;19:433-42 (cited in').
3. Doenges JL. Spirochetes in the gastric glands of macacus rhesus and of man without related disease. Arch Pathol 1939:27:469-77 (cited in).
4. Freedburg AS, Barron LE. The presence of spirochetes in human gastric mucosa. Am J Dig Dis 1940;7:44-5 (cited in [6] ).
5. Steer HW. Colin-Jones DG. Mucosal changes in gastric ulceration and their response to carbenoxolone sodium. Gut 1975:16:590.
6. Warren JR, Marshall B. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis.
Lancet 1983:1:1273-5 [letter].
7. Romaniuk PJ, Zoltowska B. Trust D, et al. Campylobacter pylori, the spiral bacterium associated
with human gastritis, is not a true Campylobacter sp. J Bacterio 1987:169:2137.
8. Goodwin cs, Armstrong JA. Chilvers T, et al. Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov., respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989,39:397- 405.
9. Kuipers EJ, Perez-Perez Gl, Meuwisseh SGM, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and atrophic gastritis: Importance of the cagA status. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995:87:1777-80.
1O. Atherton JC, Cao P, Peek RMJr, et al. Mosaicism in vacuolation cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration. J Bio! C 1995;270(30):17771-7.
11. Blaser MJ, Perez-Perez Gl, Kleanthuos H, et al. Infection with Helicobacter pylori strains possessing cagA is associated with an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Cancer Res 1995:55:2111-5.
12. Matsukura N, Onda M, Kato S, et al. Cytotoxin genes of Helicobacter pylori in chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. An age and gender matched case-control study. Jon J Cancer Res 1997;88:532-6 .
13. The EUROGAST Study Group. Epidemiology and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection among 3194 asymptomatic subjects in 17 populations. Gut 1993:34:1681-2.
14. Blaser MJ, Parsonnet J. Parasitism by the"slow" bacterium Helicobacter pylori leads to altered gastric homeostasis and neoplasia. J Clin Investigation 1994:94(1):4-8 [(Review].
15. Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ. Attemp to fullfll Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. Med J Aust 1985;142:436-9.
16. Morris A, Nicholson G. Ingestion of Campylobacter pyloridis causes gastritis and raised fasting gastric pH. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82:192-9.
17. Graham DY. Helicobacter pylori: its epidemiology and its role in duodenal ulcer disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991;6:105-13.
18. Correa P. Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol 1995:19(suppll):S37-S43.
19. Caselli M. Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer. Histopathological point of view. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91(7):1473-5 [letter]
20. International Agency for Reserch on Cancer. World Health Organization: Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 1994:61:218-20.
21. Shibata T, Imoto 1, Ohuchi Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric carcinoma in biopsy and surgical resection specimens. Cancer 1996,77:1044-9
22. Forman D, Webb P, Parsonnet J. H. pylori and gastric cancer. Lancet 1994:343:243-4 [letter].
23. Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and the pathogenesis of gastro-duodenal inflammation. J Infec Dis 1990:161:626-33.
24. Genta RM, Hammer SW, Graham DY. Gastric lymphoid follicles in Helicobacter pylori infection: Frequency, distribution and response to triple therapy. Hum Pathol 1993;24:577-83.
25. Carlson SJ. Yakoo H, Vanagunas A. Progression of gastritis to monoclonal B-cell lymphoma with resolution and recurrence following eradication of Helicobacter pylori. JAMA 1996;275:937-9.
26. Daskapoulos G, Carrick J, Warburton V, O'Rourke J, Lee A. On-the spot detection of H. pylori infection: Phase contrast microscopy versus rapid urease testing. Am J Gastroenterol 1994:89:1350 [Abstract].
27. Valentine JW, Arthur RR, Mobley HLT, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori by using the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1991:29:689-95.
28. Matsukura N, Onda M, Tokunaga A, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in gastric juice by the polymerase chain reaction: Comparison with findings in bacterial culture and the detection of tissue lgA and serum IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori. J Gastoenterol 1995;30: 689-95.
29. Matsukura N, Onda M, Tokunaga A, et al. Tissue lgA antibody against Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastroduodenal Diseases: Comparison with bacterial culture, serum IgG antibody, and [13C]Urea breath test. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995:21(Suppl l):S146-S150.
30. Matsukura N, Onda M, Tokunaga A, et al. Mucosal IgA antibody against Helicobacter pylori in the chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia detected by Tes-Tape method in the resected stomach for gastric cancer. Cancer 1995:75:1472-7.
31. Logan RPH. Breath tests to detect Helicobacter pylori. In Helicobacter pylori: biology and clinical practice. Edited by Goodwin CS, Worsley BW. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1993:307-27.
32. Thijs WJ, Thijs JC, Kleibeuker JH, et al. Evaluation of clinical and home performance of the 13C-urea
breath test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995;7:603-7.
33. Treiber G. The influence of drug dosage on Helicobacter pylori eradication: a cost-effective analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1996:91(2):246-57.
34. Weil J, Bell GD, Jones PH, et al. 'Eradication' of Campylobacter pylori: are we being misled? Lancet
1988:2(8622):1245 [letter].
35.Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, Francis GJ, et al. Antibacterial action of bismuth in relation to Campylobacter pyloridis colonization and gastritis. Digestion 1987;37:16-30.
36. Rauws EAJ, Langenberg W, Houthoff Hu, et al. Campvlobacter pyloridis-associated chronic active
antral gastritis. Gastroenterol 1988:94:33-40.
37. Marshall BJ, Valenzuela JE, McCallum RW, et al. A placebo controlled trial of bismuth subsalicylate for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Gastroenterol 1990;98:A83 [Abstract].
38. Unge P, et al. Omeprazole and amoxicillin in patients with duodenal ulcer, Helicobacter pylori eradication and remission of ulcers and symptoms during a six month follow-up. Double blind comparative study: Gastroenterol 1992;102:A183 [Abstract].
39. Matsukura N. Onda M, Shirakawa T, et al. H. pylori eradication with lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and polaprezinc: novel mucosal protective agent. Helicobacter 1996:1(4):A08 [Abstract].
40. Gorbach SL. Bismuth therapy in gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterol 1990:99:863-75.
41. Unge P. Review of Helicobacter pylori regimens. Scand J gastroenterol 1996:31(Supp! 215):74-81.
42. Walsh JH, Peterson WL. The treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in the management of peptic ulcer disease. N Eng J Med 1995,333:984-91.
43. Kimura K, ldo K, Saifuku K, et al. A t-h topical therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J gastroenterol 1995:90:60-3.
44. Przytulski K, Regula J, Marex A, et al. Omeprazole plus amoxicillin V/S one-hour topical Jichi method for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients. Helicobacter 1996;1(4):A09[Abstract).
45. NIH Consensus development panel on Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. JAMA 1994:272:1:65-71.
46. European Helicobacter pylori Study Group (EHPSG). Copenhagen, Denmark, October, 1996.
47. Forbes GM, Glaser ME, Cullen DJE. et al. Duodenal ulcer treated with Helicobacter pylori eradication: seven year follow-up. Lancet 1994:343:258-60.
48. Burette A. Re-infection or Recrudescence of Helicobacter pylori. form H. pylori Scientific Advances and Clinical Implications: Program guide in A Satellite Symposium of the IX International Workshop on Gastroduodenal Pathology and Helicobacter pylori. Copenhagen, Denmark, October, 1996.
49. Penn I. The declining role of the surgeon in the treatment of acid-peptic ulcer diseases. Arch Surg 1980:115:134-5.
50. Labenz J, Borsch G. Highly significant change of the clinical course of relapsing and complicated peptic ulcer disease after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:1785-88.
51. Seppala K, Pikkarainen P, Sipponen P. et al. Cure of peptic gastric ulcer associated with eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1995;36:834-7.
52. Labenz J, Gyenes E, Ruhl GH, Borsch G. Role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Gastroenterol 1993;104:A126 [Abstract].
53. Graham DY, Hepp KS, Ramirez FC, et al. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori reduces the rate of rebleeding in peptic ulcer disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993;28:939-42.
54. Reinbach DH, Cruickshank G, McColl KEL. Acute perforated duodenal ulcer is not associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1993:34:1344-7.
55. Matsukura N. Onda M, Tokunaga A, et al. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in perforation of peptic ulcer: An age and gender matched case-control study. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997 (in press).
56. Fisher SG, Davis F, Nelson R, et al. A cohort study of stomach cancer risk in men after gastric surgery for benign disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1303-10.
57. O'Conner HJ, Newbold KM, Alexander-Williams J, et al. Effect of Roux-en-Y biliary diversion on Campylobacter pylori. Gastroenterol 1989;97:958-64.
58. Tomtitchong P, Onda M, Matsukura N, et al., Helicobacter pylori infection in the remnant stomach after gastrectomy: with special reference to the difference between Billroth I and Il anastomoses. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998 (in press).
59. Burden WR, Hodges RP, Hsu M. OLeary JP, Alkaline reflux gastritis. Surg Clin North Am 1991:71:33-44.
60. Han SW. Evans DG. El-zaatari FAK, et al. The interaction of pH, bile, and Helicobacter pylori may explain duodenal ulcer. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:1135-37.
61. Heresbach D. Raoul JL. Bretagns JF, et al. Helicobacter pylori : A risk and severity factor of non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastropathy. Gut 1992;33:1608-11.
62. Taha AS, Nakshabendi l, Lee FD, et al. Chemical gastritis and Helicobacter pylori related gastritis in patients receiving non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs: Comparison and correlation with peptic ulceration. J clin Pathol 1992;45:135-9.
63. Laine L. Helicobacter pylori, gastric ulcer and agents noxious to the gastric mucosa. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993;22:117-26.
64. Thurmer HL. Flaaten B, Erichsen KE, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in non-ulcer dyspeptic and ulcer patients: determinants and consequences in real life: Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:744-8.
65. Graham DY, Alpert LC, Smith JL. Yoshimura HH. latrogenic Campylobacter pylori infection is a cause of epidermic achlorhydria. Am J Gastroenterol 1988;83:974-80.
66. Mitchell HM, Lee A, Carrick J. Increased incidence of Campylobacter pylori infection in gastroenterologists: further evidence to support person-to-person transmission of C. pylori. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989:24:396-400.
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1997-06-30
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Tomtitchong P. Helicobacter pylori : Basic and surgical practice. Thai J Surg [Internet]. 1997 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Nov. 27];18(2):73-87. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJSurg/article/view/250052
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