Liver Injury
Abstract
ความผิดปกติบริเวณทวารหนักเกิดจากโรคต่าง ๆ หลายโรค โรคที่พบบ่อยที่สุด คือ ริดสีดวงทวาร (hemorrhoid) โรคที่พบรองลงมา คือ โรคแผลขอบทวาร (anal fissure) และ ผีคัณฑสูตร (anorectal abscess and fistula) ส่วนโรคอื่นๆ ซึ่งมีอีกหลายโรค พบได้ไม่บ่อยนัก เช่น มะเร็งทวารหนัก โรคบิค โรคติดต่อทางเพศสัมพันธ์ทุกชนิด โรคผิวหนัง โรคดากโผล่ (prolapse rectum) ฯ เป็นต้น
References
1. BealSL. Fatal hepatic hemorrhage : an unsolved problem in the management of complex liver injuries. J Trauma 1990: 30: 163-9
2. Bender JS. Geller ER, Wilson RF. Intra-abdominal sepsis following liver trauma. J Trauma 1989: 29:1140-5
3. Fabian TC, Croce MA, Stanford GG, Payne LW. Mangiante EC, Voeller GR. et al. Factors affecting mortality following hepatic trauma: A prospective analysis of 482 injuries. Ann Surg 1991: 213: 540-7
4. Sriussadaporn S. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal trauma : a practical diagnostic tool. Asian J Surg 1994: 31: 247-50
5. Sriussadaporn S. CT scan in blunt abdominal trauma. Injury 1993: 24: 541-4
6. Moore EE. Cogbill TH, Jurkovich GJ, Shackford SR. Malangoni MA. ChampionHR. Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver (1994 revision). J Trauma 1995; 38:323-4
7. BakerSP.ONeill B, Haddon W Jr. Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma 1974: 14: 187-96
8. Croce MA. Fabian TC, Menke PG, Waddle-Smith L. Minard G, Kudsk KA, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma is the treatment of choice for hemodynamically stable patients: Results of a prospective trial. Ann Surg 1995; 221: 744-53
9. Rutledge R. Hunt JP, Lentz CW, Fakhry S, Meyer AA, Baker CC, et al. A statewide, population-based time-series analysis of the increasing frequency of nonoperative management of abdominal solid organ injury. Ann Surg 1995; 222: 311-26
10. CheathamJEJr.Smith El, Tunell WP, Elkins RC. Nonoperative management of subcapsular hematomas of the liver. Am J Surg 1980: 140: 852-7
11. Meyer AA, Crass RA, Lim RC Jr, Jeffrey RB. Federle MP, Trunkey DD. Selective nonoperative management of blunt liver injury using computed tomography. Arch Surg 1985;120: 551-4
12. GoldsteinAS,SclafaniS JA,Kupferstein NH, Base I, Lewis T. Panetta T, et al. The diagnostic superiority of computed tomography. J Trauma 1985;25:938-46
13. Meredith JW. Young JS, BowlingJ, Robousssin Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma: the exception or the rule? J Trauma 1994: 36: 529-33
14. Sherman HF, Savage BA, Jones LM, Barrette RR. Latenser BA. Vercelotti JR, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic injuries: safe at any grade? J Trauma 1994: 37: 616-21
15. Donovan AJ. Michaelian MJ, Yellin AE. Anatomical hepatic lobectomy in trauma to the liver. Surgery 1973 :73:833-47
16. CoxEF, Flancbaum L. Dauterive AH, Paulson RL. Blunt trauma to the liver. Analysis of management and mortality in 323 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 1988:207:126-34
17. Fischer RP. Miller-Crotchett P, Reed RP 2d. Gastrointestinal disruption: the hazard of nonoperative management in adults with blunt abdominal injury. J Trauma 1988:28:1445-9
18. Geis WP, Schulz KA. Giacchino JL. Freeark RJ. The fate of unruptured intrahepatic hematomas. Surgery 1981:90:689-97
19. Gates JD. Delayed hemorrhage with free rupture complicating the nonsurgical management of blunt hepatic trauma: a case report and review of the literature. J Trauma 1994:36:572-5
20. Lambeth W. Rubin BE. Nonoperative management of intrahepaitc hemorrhage and hematoma following blunt trauma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1979:148:507-11
21. Knudson MN, Lim RC Jr. Oakes DD. Jeffrey RB Jr. Nonoperative management of blunt liver injuries in adults: the need for continued surveillance. J Trauma 1990:30:1494-500
22. Esensten M, Rall WP, Colletti P, Halls J. Posttraumatic intrahepatic biloma: sonographic diagnosis. AJR 1983:140:303-5
23. McDougal EG, Mande! SE. Traumatic hemobilia: Successful nonoperative treatment in two cases. Am Surg 1984:50:169-72
24. Hiatt JR. Harrier HD, Koenig BV, Ransom KJ. Nonoperative management of major blunt liver injury with hemoperitoneum. Arch Surg 1990;125:101-3
25. Federico JA. Horner WR. Clark DE. Isler RJ. Blunt hepatic trauma. Nonoperative management in a
Arch Surg 1990:125:905-8
26. Pachter HL. Liver injuries. In:American College of Surgeons. Trauma From Injury to the Operating Room: Patient Management Guidelines. Postgraduate course. 81st Annual Clinical Congress, American College of Surgeons. October 22-27. 1995. New Orleans. LA 1995:31-4
27. Sriussadaporn S. Operative management of hepatic injuries. J Med Assoc Thai 1996: 79: 1-9
28. Feliciano DV, Pachter HL Hepatic trauma revisited. Curr Probl Surg 1989:26: 459-524
29. Pachter HL. Spencer FC, Hofstetter SR, Liang HC, Coppa GF. The management of juxtahepatic venous injuries without an atriocaval shunt : preliminary clinical observations. Surgery 1986:99:569-75
30. Yellin AE, Chaffee CB, Donovan AJ. Vascular isolation in treatment of juxtahepatic venous injuries. Arch Surg 1971;102:566-73
31. Rovito PF. Atrial caval shunting in blunt hepatic vascular injury. Ann Surg 1987:205:318-21
32. Burch JM, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL. The atriocaval shunt. Fact and fiction. Ann Surg 1988:207:555-68
33. Heaney JP, Stanton WR, Halbert DS, Seidel J, Vice T. An improved technic for vascular isolation of the liver: experimental study and case reports. Ann Surg 1966:163:237-41
34. Ciresi KF, Robert CL Jr. Hepatic vein and retrohepatic vena caval injury. World J Surg 1990;14:472-7
35. Reed RL 2d, Merrell RC, Meyers WC, Fisher RP. Continuing evolution in the approach to severe liver trauma. Ann Surg 1992;216:524-38
36. Poggetti RS, Moore EE, Moore FA, Mitchell MB, Read RA. Balloon tamponade for bilobar transfixing hepatic gunshot wounds. J Trauma 1992;33:694-7
37. Stevens SL. Maull Ki. Enderson BL. Meadors JN. Elkins LW Jr. Hopkins FM. Total mesh wrapping for parenchymal liver injuries-a combined experimental and clinical study. J Trauma 1991:31:1103-9
38. Jacobson LE, Kirton OC, Gomez GA. The use of an absorbable mesh wrap in the management of major liver injuries. Surgery 1992: 111: 455-61
39. Feliciano DV, Mattox KL, Jordan GL Jr. Intra-abdominal packing for control of hepatic hemorrhage: a reappraisal. J Trauma 1981: 21: 285-90
40. Carmora RH, Peck DZ. Lim RC Jr. The role of packing and planned reoperation in severe hepatic trauma. J Trauma 1984: 24: 779-84
41. Cue JI, Cryer HG, Miller FB, Richardson JD, Polk HC Jr. Packing and planned reexploration for hepatic and retroperitoneal hemorrhage: critical refinements of a useful technique. J Trauma 1990: 30: 1007-13
42. SharpKW, LociceroRJ. Abdominal packing for surgically uncontrollable hemorrhage. Ann Surg 1992: 215:467-75
43. PattA, McCroskey BL, MooreEE. Hypothermia-induced coagulopathies in trauma. Surg Clin North Am 1988: 68:775-85
44. Ferrara A, MacArthur JD. Wright HK, Modllin IM. McMillen MA. Hypothermiaand acidosis worsen
coagulopathy in the patient requiring massive transfusion. Am J Surg 1990; 160: 515-8
45. BurchJM Ortiz VB, Richardson RJ, Martin RR, Mattox KL, Jordan GL Jr. Abbreviated laparotomy and planned reoperation for critically injured patients. Ann Surg 1992: 215: 476-84
46. HarmanPK,Kron IL, McLachlan HD, Freedlender AE, Nolan SP. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure and renal function. Ann Surg 1982; 196: 594-7
47. FietsamRjr, Villalba M. Glover JL. Clark K. Intra- abdominal compartment syndrome as a complication of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Am Surg 1989; 55: 396-402
48. Diebel LN, Wilson RF, Dulchavsky SA, Saxe J. Effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure on hepatic arterial, portal venous, and hepatic microcirculatory blood flow. J Trauma 1992: 33: 279-83
49. Thorington JM. Schmidt CF. A study of urinary output and blood pressure changes resulting in experimental ascites. Am J Med Sci 1923; 165: 880-6
50. Richards WO, Scovill W, Shin B. Reed W. Acute renal failure associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ann Surg 1983;: 197: 183-7
51. Smith JH, Merrell RC, Raffin TA. Reversal of postoperative anuria by decompressive celiotomy. Arch Int Med 1985: 145: 553-4
52. Holcroft JW, Blaisdell FW. Trauma-Trauma to the torso. In:Wilmore DW, Brennan MF, Harken AH, Holcraft JW, Meakins JL, eds. Care of the Surgical Patient, Perioperative Management and Techniques. New York: Scientific American Medicine, 1989.n.p.
53. Esquivel CO, Bernardos A, Makowka L, Iwasuki S. Gordon RD, Starzl TE. Liver replacement after massive hepatic trauma. J Trauma 1987:27:800-2
54. Angstadt J, Jarrell B, Morit Z, Munoz S, Maddrey W, Carabasi A. Surgical management of severe liver trauma: A role for liver transplantation. J Trauma 1989;:29:606-8
55. Ringe B. Pichlmayr R. Total hepatectomy and liver transplantation: a life-saving procedure in patients with severe hepatic trauma. Br J Surg 1995: 82: 837-9
56. Ringe B. Pichimayr R, Ziegler H, Grosse H, Kuse E, Oldhafer K, et al. Management of severe hepatic trauma by two-stage total hepatectomy and subsequent liver transplantation. Surgery 1991; 109:792-5
57. Balasegaram M, Jioshy SK. Hepatic resection: the logical approach to surgical management of major trauma to the liver. Am J Surg 1981; 142: 580-3
58. Kasai T, Kobayashi K. Searching for the best operative modality for severe hepatic injuries. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 177:551-5
59. Pachter HL, Spencer FC. The management of complex hepatic trauma. In: Controversy in Surgery Il. Philadelphia : WB Saunders, 1983; 241-9
60. Hollands MJ, Little JM. The role of hepatic resection in the management of blunt liver trauma. World J Surg 1990; 14: 478-82
61. Mays ET. The hepatic artery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974; 139:595-6
62. Aaron S, Fulton RL, Mays ET. Selective ligation of the hepatic artery for trauma of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1975: 141: 187-9
63. Mays ET, Wheeler CS. Demonstration of collateral arterial flow after interruption of hepatic arteries in man. N Engl J Med 1974; 290: 993-6
64. Flint LM Jr, Polk HC Jr. Selective hepatic artery ligation : limitation and failures. J Trauma 1979; 19:
319-23
2. Bender JS. Geller ER, Wilson RF. Intra-abdominal sepsis following liver trauma. J Trauma 1989: 29:1140-5
3. Fabian TC, Croce MA, Stanford GG, Payne LW. Mangiante EC, Voeller GR. et al. Factors affecting mortality following hepatic trauma: A prospective analysis of 482 injuries. Ann Surg 1991: 213: 540-7
4. Sriussadaporn S. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal trauma : a practical diagnostic tool. Asian J Surg 1994: 31: 247-50
5. Sriussadaporn S. CT scan in blunt abdominal trauma. Injury 1993: 24: 541-4
6. Moore EE. Cogbill TH, Jurkovich GJ, Shackford SR. Malangoni MA. ChampionHR. Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver (1994 revision). J Trauma 1995; 38:323-4
7. BakerSP.ONeill B, Haddon W Jr. Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma 1974: 14: 187-96
8. Croce MA. Fabian TC, Menke PG, Waddle-Smith L. Minard G, Kudsk KA, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma is the treatment of choice for hemodynamically stable patients: Results of a prospective trial. Ann Surg 1995; 221: 744-53
9. Rutledge R. Hunt JP, Lentz CW, Fakhry S, Meyer AA, Baker CC, et al. A statewide, population-based time-series analysis of the increasing frequency of nonoperative management of abdominal solid organ injury. Ann Surg 1995; 222: 311-26
10. CheathamJEJr.Smith El, Tunell WP, Elkins RC. Nonoperative management of subcapsular hematomas of the liver. Am J Surg 1980: 140: 852-7
11. Meyer AA, Crass RA, Lim RC Jr, Jeffrey RB. Federle MP, Trunkey DD. Selective nonoperative management of blunt liver injury using computed tomography. Arch Surg 1985;120: 551-4
12. GoldsteinAS,SclafaniS JA,Kupferstein NH, Base I, Lewis T. Panetta T, et al. The diagnostic superiority of computed tomography. J Trauma 1985;25:938-46
13. Meredith JW. Young JS, BowlingJ, Robousssin Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma: the exception or the rule? J Trauma 1994: 36: 529-33
14. Sherman HF, Savage BA, Jones LM, Barrette RR. Latenser BA. Vercelotti JR, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic injuries: safe at any grade? J Trauma 1994: 37: 616-21
15. Donovan AJ. Michaelian MJ, Yellin AE. Anatomical hepatic lobectomy in trauma to the liver. Surgery 1973 :73:833-47
16. CoxEF, Flancbaum L. Dauterive AH, Paulson RL. Blunt trauma to the liver. Analysis of management and mortality in 323 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 1988:207:126-34
17. Fischer RP. Miller-Crotchett P, Reed RP 2d. Gastrointestinal disruption: the hazard of nonoperative management in adults with blunt abdominal injury. J Trauma 1988:28:1445-9
18. Geis WP, Schulz KA. Giacchino JL. Freeark RJ. The fate of unruptured intrahepatic hematomas. Surgery 1981:90:689-97
19. Gates JD. Delayed hemorrhage with free rupture complicating the nonsurgical management of blunt hepatic trauma: a case report and review of the literature. J Trauma 1994:36:572-5
20. Lambeth W. Rubin BE. Nonoperative management of intrahepaitc hemorrhage and hematoma following blunt trauma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1979:148:507-11
21. Knudson MN, Lim RC Jr. Oakes DD. Jeffrey RB Jr. Nonoperative management of blunt liver injuries in adults: the need for continued surveillance. J Trauma 1990:30:1494-500
22. Esensten M, Rall WP, Colletti P, Halls J. Posttraumatic intrahepatic biloma: sonographic diagnosis. AJR 1983:140:303-5
23. McDougal EG, Mande! SE. Traumatic hemobilia: Successful nonoperative treatment in two cases. Am Surg 1984:50:169-72
24. Hiatt JR. Harrier HD, Koenig BV, Ransom KJ. Nonoperative management of major blunt liver injury with hemoperitoneum. Arch Surg 1990;125:101-3
25. Federico JA. Horner WR. Clark DE. Isler RJ. Blunt hepatic trauma. Nonoperative management in a
Arch Surg 1990:125:905-8
26. Pachter HL. Liver injuries. In:American College of Surgeons. Trauma From Injury to the Operating Room: Patient Management Guidelines. Postgraduate course. 81st Annual Clinical Congress, American College of Surgeons. October 22-27. 1995. New Orleans. LA 1995:31-4
27. Sriussadaporn S. Operative management of hepatic injuries. J Med Assoc Thai 1996: 79: 1-9
28. Feliciano DV, Pachter HL Hepatic trauma revisited. Curr Probl Surg 1989:26: 459-524
29. Pachter HL. Spencer FC, Hofstetter SR, Liang HC, Coppa GF. The management of juxtahepatic venous injuries without an atriocaval shunt : preliminary clinical observations. Surgery 1986:99:569-75
30. Yellin AE, Chaffee CB, Donovan AJ. Vascular isolation in treatment of juxtahepatic venous injuries. Arch Surg 1971;102:566-73
31. Rovito PF. Atrial caval shunting in blunt hepatic vascular injury. Ann Surg 1987:205:318-21
32. Burch JM, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL. The atriocaval shunt. Fact and fiction. Ann Surg 1988:207:555-68
33. Heaney JP, Stanton WR, Halbert DS, Seidel J, Vice T. An improved technic for vascular isolation of the liver: experimental study and case reports. Ann Surg 1966:163:237-41
34. Ciresi KF, Robert CL Jr. Hepatic vein and retrohepatic vena caval injury. World J Surg 1990;14:472-7
35. Reed RL 2d, Merrell RC, Meyers WC, Fisher RP. Continuing evolution in the approach to severe liver trauma. Ann Surg 1992;216:524-38
36. Poggetti RS, Moore EE, Moore FA, Mitchell MB, Read RA. Balloon tamponade for bilobar transfixing hepatic gunshot wounds. J Trauma 1992;33:694-7
37. Stevens SL. Maull Ki. Enderson BL. Meadors JN. Elkins LW Jr. Hopkins FM. Total mesh wrapping for parenchymal liver injuries-a combined experimental and clinical study. J Trauma 1991:31:1103-9
38. Jacobson LE, Kirton OC, Gomez GA. The use of an absorbable mesh wrap in the management of major liver injuries. Surgery 1992: 111: 455-61
39. Feliciano DV, Mattox KL, Jordan GL Jr. Intra-abdominal packing for control of hepatic hemorrhage: a reappraisal. J Trauma 1981: 21: 285-90
40. Carmora RH, Peck DZ. Lim RC Jr. The role of packing and planned reoperation in severe hepatic trauma. J Trauma 1984: 24: 779-84
41. Cue JI, Cryer HG, Miller FB, Richardson JD, Polk HC Jr. Packing and planned reexploration for hepatic and retroperitoneal hemorrhage: critical refinements of a useful technique. J Trauma 1990: 30: 1007-13
42. SharpKW, LociceroRJ. Abdominal packing for surgically uncontrollable hemorrhage. Ann Surg 1992: 215:467-75
43. PattA, McCroskey BL, MooreEE. Hypothermia-induced coagulopathies in trauma. Surg Clin North Am 1988: 68:775-85
44. Ferrara A, MacArthur JD. Wright HK, Modllin IM. McMillen MA. Hypothermiaand acidosis worsen
coagulopathy in the patient requiring massive transfusion. Am J Surg 1990; 160: 515-8
45. BurchJM Ortiz VB, Richardson RJ, Martin RR, Mattox KL, Jordan GL Jr. Abbreviated laparotomy and planned reoperation for critically injured patients. Ann Surg 1992: 215: 476-84
46. HarmanPK,Kron IL, McLachlan HD, Freedlender AE, Nolan SP. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure and renal function. Ann Surg 1982; 196: 594-7
47. FietsamRjr, Villalba M. Glover JL. Clark K. Intra- abdominal compartment syndrome as a complication of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Am Surg 1989; 55: 396-402
48. Diebel LN, Wilson RF, Dulchavsky SA, Saxe J. Effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure on hepatic arterial, portal venous, and hepatic microcirculatory blood flow. J Trauma 1992: 33: 279-83
49. Thorington JM. Schmidt CF. A study of urinary output and blood pressure changes resulting in experimental ascites. Am J Med Sci 1923; 165: 880-6
50. Richards WO, Scovill W, Shin B. Reed W. Acute renal failure associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ann Surg 1983;: 197: 183-7
51. Smith JH, Merrell RC, Raffin TA. Reversal of postoperative anuria by decompressive celiotomy. Arch Int Med 1985: 145: 553-4
52. Holcroft JW, Blaisdell FW. Trauma-Trauma to the torso. In:Wilmore DW, Brennan MF, Harken AH, Holcraft JW, Meakins JL, eds. Care of the Surgical Patient, Perioperative Management and Techniques. New York: Scientific American Medicine, 1989.n.p.
53. Esquivel CO, Bernardos A, Makowka L, Iwasuki S. Gordon RD, Starzl TE. Liver replacement after massive hepatic trauma. J Trauma 1987:27:800-2
54. Angstadt J, Jarrell B, Morit Z, Munoz S, Maddrey W, Carabasi A. Surgical management of severe liver trauma: A role for liver transplantation. J Trauma 1989;:29:606-8
55. Ringe B. Pichlmayr R. Total hepatectomy and liver transplantation: a life-saving procedure in patients with severe hepatic trauma. Br J Surg 1995: 82: 837-9
56. Ringe B. Pichimayr R, Ziegler H, Grosse H, Kuse E, Oldhafer K, et al. Management of severe hepatic trauma by two-stage total hepatectomy and subsequent liver transplantation. Surgery 1991; 109:792-5
57. Balasegaram M, Jioshy SK. Hepatic resection: the logical approach to surgical management of major trauma to the liver. Am J Surg 1981; 142: 580-3
58. Kasai T, Kobayashi K. Searching for the best operative modality for severe hepatic injuries. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 177:551-5
59. Pachter HL, Spencer FC. The management of complex hepatic trauma. In: Controversy in Surgery Il. Philadelphia : WB Saunders, 1983; 241-9
60. Hollands MJ, Little JM. The role of hepatic resection in the management of blunt liver trauma. World J Surg 1990; 14: 478-82
61. Mays ET. The hepatic artery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974; 139:595-6
62. Aaron S, Fulton RL, Mays ET. Selective ligation of the hepatic artery for trauma of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1975: 141: 187-9
63. Mays ET, Wheeler CS. Demonstration of collateral arterial flow after interruption of hepatic arteries in man. N Engl J Med 1974; 290: 993-6
64. Flint LM Jr, Polk HC Jr. Selective hepatic artery ligation : limitation and failures. J Trauma 1979; 19:
319-23
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1997-09-30
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Sriussadaporn S. Liver Injury . Thai J Surg [Internet]. 1997 Sep. 30 [cited 2024 Jul. 18];18(3):125-46. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJSurg/article/view/250087
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