Antibody Immune Response Compared between Recombinant Viral Vector and mRNA Vaccines among Health Care Personnel Who Had Previously Received 2 Doses of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine
Keywords:
COVID-19 vaccine, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, anti-SARS-CoV-2-SAbstract
Background: Currently, a booster dose of AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccine was introduced to healthcare personnel who had previously received two doses of inactivated vaccine.
Objective: To compare immune response and rate of adverse reactions after the third dose of AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccines among healthcare personnel who had already received two doses of inactivated vaccine. We also determined immune response in those who received 2 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine.
Methods: We conducted an observational study at the Mae Fah Luang University Medical Center Hospital. We recruited healthcare personnel who had received AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccine after 2 doses of Sinovac or received 2 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine. Those who were immunocompromised or had a history of COVID-19 infection were excluded. Participants were divided into 3 groups: (1) Sinovac-Sinovac-AstraZeneca, (2) Sinovac-Sinovac-Pfizer and (3) AstraZeneca-AstraZeneca. Immunoassay for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S) were performed at 30-60 days after the last vaccination dose. Adverse reactions after the third dose of vaccination were collected by using a questionnaire. We performed Kruskal Wallis test to compare antibody titer levels among the 3 groups. Comparisons of adverse reactions between group 1 and group 2 were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher Exact test for categorical data as appropriate.
Results: There were 50, 111 and 18 participants of group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. All exhibited high titer levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S. The average antibody titer levels were highest in group 2 (p < 0.001), following by group 1 and group 3, respectively. Participants of group 1 reported fever and headache more frequently than those of group 2 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Current vaccination regimens, booster AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccine after two doses of inactivated vaccine and 2 doses of AstraZeneca are efficacious in producing immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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