A Case Report of Canine Pure Red Cell Aplasia in Middle-Aged Male Pomeranian
Keywords:
Pure red cell aplasia, non-regenerative anemia, syncopeAbstract
Canine pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare pathological condition in dogs related to a lack of erythroid precursor linages that cause a failure of red blood cell production, leading to severe anemia. Middle-aged dogs, especially females, have a great chance of developing acquired pure red cell aplasia. The clinical signs show pale mucous membrane, systolic murmur, tachypnea, tachycardia, weakness, syncope, and seizure. For diagnosis, the clinical pathological findings show the normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia, and the bone marrow pathological findings show a lack of erythroid precursor cells. According to the responsiveness of the immunosuppressive therapy, PRCA is proposed as one form of the immune-mediated anemia. Most PRCA are secondary diseases associated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment, infectious disease including parvoviral infection or modified-live parvovirus vaccination, or bone marrow cancer. In case of poor prognosis, the histopathology shows collagenous fibrosis in the bone marrow, and recurrent diseases after withdrawing the treatment commonly occur. In this case study, an 11-year-old non-castrated male Pomeranian dog was presented with a history of syncope. The non-regenerative anemia was found with a decrease of erythroid precursor in the bone marrow. The dog has been successfully treated with prednisolone 2 mg/kg once daily and tapered down every two weeks. The clinical signs of syncope and other blood parameters improved after 2 weeks of treatment.
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