Prospects of Proteomics in Goat Breeding in Nigeria: A Narrative Review
คำสำคัญ:
Proteomics, Goat, Breeding, Nigeriaบทคัดย่อ
Proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins and their functions, is emerging as a transformative tool in animal breeding and genetics. This narrative review explores the prospects of proteomics in enhancing goat breeding programs in Nigeria, with a focus on improving productivity, disease resistance, and adaptation to environmental stressors in indigenous breeds such as the West African Dwarf, Sokoto Red, and Sahel goats. Although these breeds are rich in genetic diversity and important for local economies, they remain underexploited in terms of targeted genetic improvement. Proteomics offers a pathway to understand the complex biological processes underlying economically important traits by identifying key protein biomarkers associated with growth, reproduction, lactation, and resistance to endemic diseases. Integrating proteomic data into conventional and molecular breeding strategies can enable more precise selection, resulting in improved herd performance and sustainability. In addition, proteomic profiling can aid in characterizing breed-specific responses to nutrition and climate variability, thereby contributing to resilience in the face of climate change. Despite its potential, proteomics remains underutilized in Nigerian livestock research due to limited infrastructure, funding, and technical expertise. This review highlights the need for strategic investments in proteomics research facilities, capacity building, and collaborative networks among academic institutions, government agencies, and the private sector. Myostatin (MSTN), Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), actin, and myosin have been studied to regulate muscle growth and development thus vital for meat animals. The adoption of proteomics in Nigerian goat breeding holds significant promise for advancing animal productivity and food security while preserving the genetic integrity of indigenous breeds. Emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach, this paper advocates for the inclusion of proteomics in future breeding programs to drive sustainable genetic improvement in Nigeria’s goat population.
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