Risk of Low Bone Density from Cow’s Milk Allergies and Alternative Food Sources of Calcium
Keywords:
Bone Mineral Density, Calcium, Food Allergy, Nutrition, DieteticsAbstract
Low bone mineral density is one of the public health problems commonly found in many countries and lead to many bones diseases development such as osteoporosis, which impacts the patient’s quality of life. This condition is affected by the long-term calcium insufficient intake among populations. The risk of inadequate calcium intake is increased among people with cow’s milk allergy, commonly found as lactose intolerance, and cow’s milk protein allergies — due to their limited intake of milk and milk products which are well-known as good sources of calcium. Therefore, nutritionists and dietitians should be aware and focus on other food sources of calcium for these at-risk groups. Alternative food sources such as small fish, green leafy vegetables, tofu, and other calcium-fortified food products that are rich in calcium should be promoted to be a main food sources of calcium for people with cow’s milk allergies. In addition, nutritionists and dietitians should be focused on other nutrients such as vitamin D, phosphorus, and magnesium which are functioning along with the calcium to be the human bone mineralization, as well as exercise and physical activity encouragement — especially aerobic exercise which is proven for effective in lower risk of osteoporosis.
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