Food Literacy among Muslim Older Adults in Narathiwat Province, Thailand

Abstract

Background: Food literacy is an important component of healthy ageing. Among Muslim older adults, food-related practices are also influenced by Islamic dietary principles. However, limited information is available on food literacy among Muslim older adults in Thailand. Objective: This study aimed to describe the characteristics and level of food literacy among Muslim older adults in Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 383 Muslim older adults aged 60 years and over who were members of elderly clubs in Narathiwat Province. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and food literacy indicators. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were used to summarize the data. Results: The overall level of food literacy was low (mean = 2.13 ± 0.76). Participants demonstrated high levels of food literacy in refusing unsafe food (3.17 ± 0.68), selecting food according to Islamic dietary principles (halal) (3.15 ± 0.66), choosing halal-certified food vendors (3.02 ± 0.72), and teaching children or family members to consume healthy food (3.02 ± 0.74). In contrast, media and food information literacy had the lowest overall score (1.46 ± 0.68). The lowest individual indicators were searching for food information using technology (1.28 ± 0.54), comparing information from multiple sources before making food decisions (1.29 ± 0.57), and consulting health professionals before changing their diet (1.38 ± 0.67). Conclusions: The results suggest that food literacy promotion should build on existing halal and cultural food practices while strengthening practical nutrition skills and the critical evaluation of food information. Culturally appropriate, community-based, and multichannel approaches involving families, health professionals, and community stakeholders may help support healthy food choices and healthy ageing among Muslim older adults.