Analysis of Organizational Safety Resilience in Indonesia’s Oil and Gas Industry
Keywords:
Safety resilience, Resilience engineering, Resilience qualities, Safety IIAbstract
Background: Severe accidents in Indonesia's oil and gas industry resulting in fatality and property damage still show an upward trend. Organizational safety resilience approach is required to improve the industry's ability to mitigate such accidents, learning from it and anticipating future threats. Objective: The study performed analysis of organizational safety resilience qualities (respond, learn, anticipate and monitor) at oil and gas sector in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional design of mixed method quantitative and qualitative research was conducted through survey approach using questionnaire followed with interview of employee representatives. Results: The result reveals that all qualities have achieved high score of more than three in scale of four with ability to respond has the highest level (3.53) while ability to learn has the lowest one (3.23). However, there are variables in each quality with low score such as access to HSE performance statistic (3.07) and information dissemination (3.15). Priority conflict of safety and production as well as impression that safety is an administrative exercise rather than critical aspect to ensure safe operation are still imminent concern. Conclusion: Continuous improvement on lower score variables along with ability to learn and anticipate will help in boosting the resilience level. Future longitudinal study is recommended to explore resilience level variation over longer time frame which will be critical for enhancing resilience quality in the industry.
References
Kantur D, İşeri-Say A. Organizational resilience: A conceptual integrative framework. J Manag Organ [Internet]. 2012 Nov 2;18(6):762–73. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1833367200000420/type/journal_article
Nemeth CP, Erik H. Advancing Resilience Performance. Nemeth CP, Hollnagel E, editors. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature; 2022. 158 p.
Vanderhaegen F. Erik Hollnagel: Safety-I and Safety-II, the past and future of safety management. Cogn Technol Work. 2015;
Hollnagel E. Safety-II in practice: Developing the resilience potentials. Safety-II in Practice: Developing the Resilience Potentials. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2018.
Hollnagel E. Synesis, The Unification of Productivity, Quality, Safety and Reliability. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2021. 123 p.
Woods DD, Woods DD, Hollnagel E. Prologue: Resilience Engineering Concepts. In: Resilience Engineering. 2018.
Dekker S, Hollnagel E, Woods D, Cook R. Resilience Engineering : New directions for measuring and maintaining safety in complex systems Final Report, November 2008. Lund Univ Sch Aviat [Internet]. 2008;(November):1–67. Available from: https://msb.se/Upload/Kunskapsbank/Forskningsrapporter/Slutrapporter/2009 Resilience Engineering New directions for measuring and maintaining safety in complex systems.pdf
Adolph L, Lafrenz B, Grauel B. Safety Management Systems , Safety Culture and Resilience engineering : Comparison of Concepts. Proc HFES Eur Chapter Conf Toulouse [Internet]. 2012;269–76. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326033149
Hollnagel E. How Resilient Is Your Organisation? An Introduction to the Resilience Analysis Grid (RAG). Sustain Transform Build a Resilient Organ. 2010;(May):1–6.
Marsh JLT Specialty. 100 Largest Losses in the Hydrocarbon Industry: 1974-2023. 2024.
Shultz JM, Walsh L, Garfin DR, Wilson FE, Neria Y. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: The Trauma Signature of an Ecological Disaster. J Behav Heal Serv Res. 2014;42(1):58–76.
Steen R, Haakonsen G, Patriarca R. “Samhandling”: On the nuances of resilience through case study research in emergency response operations. J Contingencies Cris Manag. 2022;30(3):257–69.
Trancoso R, Patriarca R, Henriqson É. Assessing resilience in everyday work through observations: An assessment frameawork for complex sociotechnical systems. Saf Sci. 2024;173(December 2023).
Yu J, Zeng Q, Yu Y, Zhang B, Ma W, Wu S, et al. Resilience assessment of FPSO leakage emergency response based on quantitative FRAM. Reliab Eng Syst Saf [Internet]. 2025 Jan;253(135):110526. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2024.110526
Al Mohannadi IM, Naji KK, Abdella GM, Nabeel H, Hamouda AM. Towards a Resilient Organization: Lessons Learned from the Oil and Gas Sector in Qatar. Sustain. 2024;16(1).
Tveiten CK, Albrechtsen E, Wærø I, Wahl AM. Building resilience into emergency management. Saf Sci [Internet]. 2012;50(10):1960–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.03.001
Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. Kepmen ESDM 176.K/MG.01/MEM.M/2024. ESDM; 2024.
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Direktorat Jenderal Minyak dan Gas. Atlas Keselamatan Migas Vol 5. Vol. 5. 2024.
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Direktorat Jenderal Minyak dan Gas. Statistik Minyak dan Gas Bumi, Semester 1 2020. 2020.
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Direktorat Jenderal Minyak dan Gas. Statistik minyak dan gas Bumi 2016. Vol. 5268910. 2017.
Lukman MA, Hidayatullah IM, Zulfikri H. Analysis of incident data reveals critical process safety issues and opportunities for improvement in the Indonesian oil and gas industry. J Loss Prev Process Ind [Internet]. 2025;98(August):105756. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105756
Ruiz-Martin C, Lopez-Paredes A, Wainer G. What we know and do not know about organizational resilience. Int J Prod Manag Eng [Internet]. 2018 Jan 31;6(1):11. Available from: https://polipapers.upv.es/index.php/IJPME/article/view/7898
George D, Mallery P. IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step A Simple Guide and Reference. IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step. 2016.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. PP 50 Tahun 2012. 2012.
Wirawan M, Lestari F, Djunaidi Z, Hafia A, Mohamad Khaliwa A, Schehan Al Azhar M. Exploring the Implementation of Safety Resilience Assessment in Industries: A Systematic Literature Review. Kesmas Natl Public Heal J [Internet]. 2024 May 31;19(2):99–112. Available from: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/kesmas/vol19/iss2/4/
Tierra-Arevalo JM, Pardo-Ferreira MC, Arezes PM, Rubio-Romero JC. Quantifying Resilience Potentials in Construction: Pilot Evaluation of The Resilience Assessment Grid. Front Public Heal [Internet]. 2025; Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43869692?seq=7
Safi M, Thude BR, Brandt F, Austin E, Williams RC. The application of the Resilience Assessment Grid in outpatient clinics: A validation study. Saf Sci [Internet]. 2024;171(August 2023):106396. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106396
Peñaloza GA, Torres Formoso C, Abreu Saurin T. A resilience engineering-based framework for assessing safety performance measurement systems: A study in the construction industry. Saf Sci. 2021;142(June).
Gröschke D, Hofmann E, Müller ND, Wolf J. Individual and organizational resilience—Insights from healthcare providers in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2022 Aug 25;13(August):1–17. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965380/full
Cox S, Tomás JM, Cheyne A, Oliver A. Safety culture: The prediction of commitment to safety in the manufacturing industry. Br J Manag. 1998;9(SPEC. ISS.).
Luria G, Yagil D. Safety perception referents of permanent and temporary employees: Safety climate boundaries in the industrial workplace. Accid Anal Prev [Internet]. 2010;42(5):1423–30. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.02.016
Wallace JC, Popp E, Mondore S. Safety climate as a mediator between foundation climates and occupational accidents: A group-level investigation. J Appl Psychol. 2006;91(3):681–8.
Le TT, Nguyen TTH. Beyond Compliance: Uncovering Organizational Barriers to Workplace Safety in Industrial Zones. Environ Health Insights. 2025;19.
Garnica GB, Barriga GDC. Barriers to occupational health and safety management in small Brazilian enterprises. Production. 2018;28.
Liu X, Liu Y, Li H, Wen D. Identification and analysis of barriers to the effectiveness of ISO 45001 certification in Chinese certified organisations: A DEMATEL-ISM approach. J Clean Prod [Internet]. 2023;383(27):135447. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135447
Mahmmud MA, Abidin EZ, Rahmat H, Hashim H. Critical Success Factors in Occupational Safety and Health Management System: A Review Existing Literature. Malaysian J Med Heal Sci. 2023;19(6):131–40.
Mandowa J, Matsa M, Jerie S. Factors enhancing implementation of occupational safety and health management systems in manufacturing industry of Mutare, Zimbabwe. Front Public Heal. 2025;13(January).
Masi D, Cagno E. Barriers to OHS interventions in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Saf Sci [Internet]. 2015;71(PC):226–41. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.05.020
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License CC-BY-ND
