Adipokines: Metabolic link between knee osteoarthritis and obesity
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Published:
Oct 31, 2013
Keywords:
Adipokines knee osteoarthritis obesity
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial process of chronic degenerative joint disorder that involves not only articular cartilage, but also synovium, subchondral bone, and surrounding muscles and ligaments. Obesity is a well known risk factor of the incidence and prevalence of osteoarthritis and is believed to play a deleterious part in knee OA by the increment in mechanical stresses on the joints. The role of obesity in knee OA is much more complicated than previously thought. Adipokines, cytokines mainly produced by adipose tissue, may play a potential role in knee OA. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in adipokine research in knee osteoarthritis, focusing on leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, and also the essential role of newly identified adipokines such as chemerin, lipocalin, and omentin.
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References
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2. Felson DT. An update on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Radiologic Clinics of North America 2004; 42: 1-9.
3. Salihu HM, Bonnema SM, Alio AP. Obesity: What is an elderly population growing into? Maturitas 2009; 63: 7-12.
4. Hochberg MC, Lethbridge-Cejku M, Scott WW, Jr., Reichle R, Plato CC, Tobin JD. The association of body weight, body fatness and body fat distribution with osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 488-93.
5. Coggon D, Reading I, Croft P, McLaren M, Barrett D, Cooper C. Knee osteoarthritis and obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 622-7.
6. Hart DJ, Spector TD. The relationship of obesity, fat distribution and osteoarthritis in women in the general population: the Chingford Study. J Rheumatol 1993; 20: 331-5.
7. Lachance L, Sowers M, Jamadar D, Jannausch M, Hochberg M, Crutchfield M. The experience of pain and emergent osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2001; 9: 527-32.
8. Manninen P, Riihimaki H, Heliovaara M, Makela P. Overweight, gender and knee osteoarthritis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20: 595-7.
9. Grotle M, Hagen KB, Natvig B, Dahl FA, Kvien TK. Obesity and osteoarthritis in knee, hip and/or hand: an epidemiological study in the general population with 10 years follow-up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008; 9: 132.
10. Yusuf E, Nelissen RG, Ioan-Facsinay A, Stojanovic-Susulic V, DeGroot J, van Osch G, et al. Association between weight or body mass index and hand osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69: 761-5.
11. Pottie P, Presle N, Terlain B, Netter P, Mainard D, Berenbaum F. Obesity and osteoarthritis: more complex than predicted! Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 1403-5.
12. Conrozier T, Chappuis-Cellier C, Richard M, Mathieu P, Richard S, Vignon E. Increased serum C-reactive protein levels by immunonephelometry in patients with rapidly destructive hip osteoarthritis. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1998; 65: 759-65.
13. Spector TD, Hart DJ, Nandra D, Doyle DV, Mackillop N, Gallimore JR, et al. Low-level increases in serum C-reactive protein are present in early osteoarthritis of the knee and predict progressive disease. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 723-7.
14. Goldring MB, Otero M. Inflammation in osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011; 23: 471-8.
15. Katz JD, Agrawal S, Velasquez M. Getting to the heart of the matter: osteoarthritis takes its place as part of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010; 22: 512-9.
16. Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 1993; 259: 87-91.
17. Fantuzzi G. Adiponectin and inflammation: consensus and controversy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121: 326-30.
18. Conde J, Gomez R, Bianco G, Scotece M, Lear P, Dieguez C, et al. Expanding the adipokine network in cartilage: identification and regulation of novel factors in human and murine chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 551-9.
19. Gualillo O, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Lago F. The emerging role of adipokines as mediators of cardiovascular function: physiologic and clinical perspectives. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2007; 17: 275-83.
20. de Boer TN, van Spil WE, Huisman AM, Polak AA, Bijlsma JW, Lafeber FP, et al. Serum adipokines in osteoarthritis; comparison with controls and relationship with local parameters of synovial inflammation and cartilage damage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20: 846-53.
21. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-32.
22. Henry BA, Clarke IJ. Adipose tissue hormones and the regulation of food intake. J Neuroendocrinol 2008; 20: 842-9.
23. Gualillo O, Eiras S, Lago F, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF. Elevated serum leptin concentrations induced by experimental acute inflammation. Life Sci 2000; 67: 2433-41.
24. Tartaglia LA, Dembski M, Weng X, Deng N, Culpepper J, Devos R, et al. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R. Cell 1995; 83: 1263-71.
25. Fruhbeck G. Intracellular signalling pathways activated by leptin. Biochemical Journal 2006; 393: 7-20.
26. Tilg H, Moschen AR. Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6: 772-83.
27. Bernotiene E, Palmer G, Talabot-Ayer D, Szalay-Quinodoz I, Aubert ML, Gabay C. Delayed resolution of acute inflammation during zymosan-induced arthritis in leptin-deficient mice. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2004; 6: R256-R63.
28. Gegout PP, Francin PJ, Mainard D, Presle N. Adipokines in osteoarthritis: friends or foes of cartilage homeostasis? Joint Bone Spine 2008; 75: 669-71.
29. Presle N, Pottie P, Dumond H, Guillaume C, Lapicque F, Pallu S, et al. Differential distribution of adipokines between serum and synovial fluid in patients with osteoarthritis. Contribution of joint tissues to their articular production. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14: 690-5.
30. Dumond H, Presle N, Terlain B, Mainard D, Loeuille D, Netter P, et al. Evidence for a key role of leptin in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: 3118-29.
31. Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Harlow S. Leptin Levels Are Associated with Knee Osteoarthritis among Mid-Aged Women. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012; 20: S189-S90.
32. Hu PF, Bao JP, Wu LD. The emerging role of adipokines in osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38: 873-8.
33. Toussirot E, Streit G, Wendling D. The contribution of adipose tissue and adipokines to inflammation in joint diseases. Curr Med Chem 2007; 14: 1095-100.
34. Bao JP, Chen WP, Feng J, Hu PF, Shi ZL, Wu LD. Leptin plays a catabolic role on articular cartilage. Molecular Biology Reports 2010; 37: 3265-72.
35. Otero M, Gomez Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Synergistic induction of nitric oxide synthase type II: in vitro effect of leptin and interferon-gamma in human chondrocytes and ATDC5 chondrogenic cells. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: 404-9.
36. Gomez R, Scotece M, Conde J, Gomez-Reino JJ, Lago F, Gualillo O. Adiponectin and leptin increase IL-8 production in human chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 2052-4.
37. Simopoulou T, Malizos KN, Iliopoulos D, Stefanou N, Papatheodorou L, Ioannou M, et al. Differential expression of leptin and leptin's receptor isoform (Ob-Rb) mRNA between advanced and minimally affected osteoarthritic cartilage; effect on cartilage metabolism. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15: 872-83.
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