EFFECTS OF UNILATERAL AND BILATERAL COMPLEX TRAINING ON MUSCULAR FITNESS IN FUTSAL MALE PLAYERS
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate and compare the effects of unilateral and bilateral complex training on muscular fitness in futsal male players.
Methods
Twenty male futsal players aged between 18-25 years from Chandrakasem Rajabhat University were recruited in this study. The participants, matched by their relative strength, were assigned into 2 groups (n = 10/group). Group I received unilateral complex training program while group II completed bilateral complex training program for 2 days/week for a total of 6 weeks. The measurements of strength, muscular power, speed, agility and balance were assessed before and after 6 weeks of training. The obtained data were analyzed in term of means and standard deviations and verified by paired samples t-test (within-group), and independent samples t-test (between-group) at a significance level of 0.05.
Results
After training, both of groups showed significant improvements in strength, muscular power, speed and balance compared with pre-training at the .05 level. The bilateral complex training program had the mean values of agility performance significantly higher than pre-training at the .05. However, no significant differences in all valuable were observed between the groups after training (p>0.05).
Conclusion
Unilateral and bilateral complex training programs effectively enhance muscle strength and power, speed, and balance. However, the unilateral complex training program was more effective in improving agility. Therefore, this training method can be applied to improve leg muscle performance in futsal players.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Adams, K., O'Shea, J. P., O'Shea, K. L., and Climstein, M. (1992). The Effect of Six Weeks of Squat, Plyometric and Squat-Plyometric Training on Power Production. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 6(1), 36-41.
Álvarez, J. C. B., D'ottavio, S., Vera, J. G., and Castagna, C. (2009). Aerobic Fitness in Futsal Players of Different Competitive Level. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(7), 2163-2166.
Androulakis-Korakakis, P., Fisher, J. P., and Steele, J. (2020). The minimum effective training dose required to increase 1rm strength in resistance-trained men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(4), 751-765.
Barbero-Alvarez, J. C., Soto, V. M., Barbero-Alvarez, V., and Granda-Vera, J. (2008). Match analysis and heart rate of futsal players during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 63-73.
Bishop, C., Abbott, W., Brashill, C., Read, P., Loturco, I., Beato, M., and Turner, A. (2021). Effects of pre-season strength training on bilateral and unilateral jump performance, and the bilateral deficit in premier league academy soccer players. Professional Strength and Conditioning. 2021(62), 7-14.
Bogdanis, G. C., Tsoukos, A., Kaloheri, O., Terzis, G., Veligekas, P., and Brown, L. E. (2019). Comparison Between Unilateral and Bilateral Plyometric Training on Single- and Double-Leg Jumping Performance and Strength. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(3), 633-640.
Bompa, T. O., and Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization-: theory and methodology of training. Champaign: Human kinetics.
Caetano, F. G., de Oliveira, M. J., Marche, A. L., Nakamura, F. Y., Cunha, S. A., and Moura, F. A. (2015). Characterization of the sprint and repeated-sprint sequences performed by professional futsal players, according to playing position, during official matches. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 31(6), 423-429.
Castagna, C., D’Ottavio, S., Vera, J. G., and Álvarez, J. C. B. (2009). Match demands of professional futsal: a case study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(4), 490-494.
Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., and Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: part 2-training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 41(2), 125-146.
Cormier, P., Freitas, T. T., Rubio-Arias, J. Á., and Alcaraz, P. E. (2020). Complex and contrast training: does strength and power training sequence affect performance-based adaptations in team sports? a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(5), 1461-1479.
Deschenes, M. R., and Kraemer, W. J. (2002). Performance and physiologic adaptations to resistance training. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(11), 3-16.
Ebben, W. P. (2002). Complex training: a brief review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1(2), 42-46.
González-Víllora, S., Prieto-Ayuso, A., León, M. P., Marinho, J. L. C., and Travassos, B. (2022). Elite futsal players' perceptions of paths to expertise: a multidimensional and qualitative approach. Motricidade, 18(1), 20-30.
Gonzalo-Skok, O., Tous-Fajardo, J., Suarez-Arrones, L., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., Casajús, J. A., and Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2017). Single-leg power output and between-limbs imbalances in team-sport players: Unilateral versus bilateral combined resistance training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(1), 106-114.
Güllich, A., and Schmidtbleicher, D. (1996). MVC-induced short-term potentiation of explosive force. New Studies in Athletics, 1(4), 67-84.
Hammami, M., Negra, Y., Billaut, F., Hermassi, S., Shephard, R. J., and Chelly, M. S. (2018). Effects of lower-limb strength training on agility, repeated sprinting with changes of direction, leg peak power, and neuromuscular adaptations of soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(1), 37-47.
Hodgson, M., Docherty, D., and Robbins, D. (2005). Post-activation potentiation: underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 35(7), 585-595.
Jones, M. T., Ambegaonkar, J. P., Nindl, B. C., Smith, J. A., and Headley, S. A. (2012). Effects of unilateral and bilateral lower-body heavy resistance exercise on muscle activity and testosterone responses. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 1094-1100.
Kobal, R., Loturco, I., Barroso, R., Gil, S., Cuniyochi, R., Ugrinowitsch, C., Roschel, H., and Tricoli, V. (2017). Effects of different combinations of strength, power, and plyometric training on the physical performance of elite young soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1468-1476.
Markovic, G., and Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 40(10), 859-895.
McCurdy, K., O’Kelley, E., Kutz, M., Langford, G., Ernest, J., and Torres, M. (2010). Comparison of lower extremity EMG between the 2-leg squat and modified single-leg squat in female athletes. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 19(1), 57-70.
Newton, R. U., and Kraemer, W. J. (1994). Developing explosive muscular power: Implications for a mixed methods training strategy. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 16(5), 20-31.
Nunes, R. F., Dellagrana, R. A., Nakamura, F. Y., Buzzachera, C. F., Almeida, F. A., Flores, L. J., Guglielmo, L. G., and da Silva, S. G. (2018). Isokinetic assessment of muscular strength and balance in Brazilian elite futsal players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 13(1), 94-103.
Rassier, D. E., and Macintosh, B. R. (2000). Coexistence of potentiation and fatigue in skeletal muscle. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 33(5), 499-508.
Ribeiro, J. N., Gonçalves, B., Coutinho, D., Brito, J., Sampaio, J., and Travassos, B. (2020). Activity Profile and Physical Performance of Match Play in Elite Futsal Players. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1709. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01709
Schoenfeld, B. J., Contreras, B., Willardson, J. M., Fontana, F., and Tiryaki-Sonmez, G. (2014). Muscle activation during low-versus high-load resistance training in well-trained men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(12), 2491-2497.
Shimokochi, Y., and Shultz, S. J. (2008). Mechanisms of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Journal of Athletic Training, 43(4), 396-408.
Stern, D., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Loturco, I., Turner, A., and Bishop, C. (2020). A comparison of bilateral vs. unilateral-biased strength and power training interventions on measures of physical performance in elite youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(8), 2105-2111.
Sujinarathon, C. and Sanpasitt, C. (2024). The effects of unilateral phyometric training on leg muscular performance in male beach soccer players. Journal of Sports Science and Health, 25(3). 44-64.
Sweeney, H., Bowman, B. F., and Stull, J. T. (1993). Myosin light chain phosphorylation in vertebrate striated muscle: regulation and function. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 264(5), 1085-1095.
Vann, C. G., Sexton, C. L., Osburn, S. C., Smith, M. A., Haun, C. T., Rumbley, M. N., Mumford, P. W., Montgomery, N. T., Ruple, B. A., and McKendry, J. (2022). Effects of high-volume versus high-load resistance training on skeletal muscle growth and molecular adaptations. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 857555. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.857555
Young, W., Farrow, D., Pyne, D., McGregor, W., and Handke, T. (2011). Validity and reliability of agility tests in junior Australian football players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3399-3403.
Zhang, W., Chen, X., Xu, K., Xie, H., Li, D., Ding, S., and Sun, J. (2023). Effect of unilateral training and bilateral training on physical performance: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1128250. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1128250
