Factors Influencing Physical Appearance Identity and Appearance-Management Behaviors among Young Adult Women in Thailand: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Studies in western society showed that the factors influencing physical appearance identity include race, media, family, peer, and cultural differences. However, little is known about young Thai women. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence physical appearance identity and what appearance-management behaviors are typically practiced among young Thai women. The data collection, using focus group discussions with semi-structured interviews were conducted to 94 young women (mean age of 20) in four regions of Thailand. The data were analyzed through content coding and thematic analysis.

            The results revealed that appearance management behaviors among young Thai women including a widespread practice of oral and injectable glutathione and illegal forms of skin-whitening, diet and exercise, self-medication including diet pills or weight loss supplements and cosmetic surgery. The main influences were intrapersonal factors or perception of oneself (e.g., self-confidence); interpersonal factors (family and friends, men); and sociocultural factors (social media, cultural values, and geographic region).

In conclusion, physical appearance identity is influenced by intrapersonal, interpersonal and sociocultural factors. Young Thai women engage in unhealthy weight and appearance management behaviors. Interventions to prevent unhealthy weight and appearance management behaviors must address these multiple levels of influence.