The Effects of a Physical Activity Program for Fall Prevention among Thai Older Adults
Keywords:
Balance, Fall prevention, Fall efficacy, Older adults, Physical activity, Physical performanceAbstract
Falls are common problems among older persons, often leading to disability or death. This study examined the feasibility of a physical activity program for fall prevention and the effects of that program on fall efficacy, physical performance, and balance among older adults. The study was based on self-efficacy theory and the concept of movement and balance control appropriate for fall prevention among older adults. A quasi-experimental design was used. Forty Thai older adults in the community who met the inclusion criteria were studied. The experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=20) were randomly assigned by the villages they lived in. The experimental group received the Physical Activity Program for Fall Prevention developed by the investigators. This program consisted of self-efficacy enhancement activities, basic movements, rubber band exercise, and a nine-squared walk. Outcome measures were the Fall Efficacy Scale, the Physical Performance test, and Berg’s Balance test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA.
The results demonstrated that the experimental group significantly improved their physical performance and the Berg’s Balance test compared to the control group. The program did not increase the fall efficacy score. However, the experimental group significantly improved their fall efficacy score at week 8 after receiving the program. It is feasible that this program can be one kind of strategy applied to improve balance in order to prevent falls among Thai older adults. A larger sample size and a longer period of study are suggested for further study.
References
1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for injury prevention and control, Division of unintentional injury prevention. Falls among older adults: An over view. 2014. [cited 2014 August 5]; Available from https:// www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety /Falls/adults.html.
2. Aekplakorn W. Editor. The fourth report of national health examination survey of Thai people (2008-2009).
Nonthaburi: The Graphico System; 2009. [In Thai].
3. Tinetti ME, Powell L. Fear of falling and low self-efficacy: A cause of dependence in elderly persons. The Jour of Geront. 1993 48 (special issue): 35-38.
4. Gelbard R, Inaba K, Okove OT, Morrell M, Saadi Z, Lam L, Talving P, Demetriades D Falls in the elderly: a modern look at an old problem. Am J Surg. 2014 208 (2): 249-253.
5. Deshpande N, Metter EJ, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Guralnik J, Ferrucci L. Activity restriction induced by fear of falling and objective and subjective measures of physical function: a prospective cohort study. JAGS. 2008 56 (4): 615-620.
6. Teixeira LEPP, Silva KNG, Imoto AM, Teixeira TJP, Kayo AH, Montenegro- Rodriques R, Peccin MS, Trevisanl VFM. Progressive load training for the quadriceps muscle associated with proprioception exercises for the prevention of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A randomized controlled trial. Osteoporosis Int. 2010 21: 589-596.
7. Gauchard GC, Jeandel C, Tessier A, Perrin PP. Beneficial effect of proprioceptive physical activities on balance control in elderly human subjects. Neurosci Lett. 1999 273: 81-84.
8. Tideiksaar, R. Falls in older people: Prevention and management.3rd Edition, Baltimore: Health Professions Press; 2004.
9. Muir SW, Berg K, Chesworth B, Klar N, Speechley M. Balance impairment as a risk factor for falls in community- dwelling older adults who are high functioning: Prospective study. Phys Ther. 2010 90 (3): 338-347.
10. Maciaszek J. Osinski W. The effects of Tai Chi on body balance in Elderly people: A review of studies from the early 21st century. Am J Chinese Med. 2010 38 (2): 219-229.
11. Titler MG, Shever LL, Kanak MF, Ticone DM, Qin R. Factors associated with falls during hospitalization in an older adult population. Research and Theory for Nurs Pract: An Intern J. 2011 25 (2): 127-148.
12. Thiamwong L, Jitapunkul S, Panyachevin J. The effectiveness of the Thai Fall Risk Assessment Tool (Thai FRAT) in Thai community elderly. J of Geront and Geriatric Med. 2004 12 (2): 14-23. (in Thai)
13. Tinetti ME, Richman D, Powell L. Fall efficacy as a measure of fear of falling. The Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Science. 1990 45 (6): 239-243.
14. Harnirattisai T, Thongtawee B. Self-efficacy for exercise and physical performance in older Thai adults. The
Gerontologist. 2006 56 (special issue 1): 385.
15. Harnirattisai T, Johnson RA. Effectiveness of a behavioral change intervention in Thai elders after knee replacement. Nursing Research. 2005 54(2): 2-12.
16. Moyer VA. Prevention of falls in community-dwelling older adults: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2012 157 (3): 197-204.
17. Lee HC, Chang KC. Effects of multifactorial fall prevention program on fall incidence and physical function in community-dwelling older adults with risks of falls. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013 94: 606-615.
18.Zijlstra GAR, van Haastregt JCM, Ambergen T, van Rossum E, van Eijk JTM, Tennstedt SL, Kempen GIJM. Effects of a multicomponent cognitive behavioral group intervention on fear of falling and activity avoidance in community-dwelling older adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
2009 57 (11): 2020-2028.
19. Costello E, Edelstein JE.Update on fall prevention for community-dwelling older adults: Review of single and multifactorial intervention programs. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 2008 45 (8): 1135-1152.
20. Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JCT. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of American Geriatric Society. 2008 56 (12): 2234-2243.
21. Pruksasri P, Kongin W, Jitanoon P. The effects of social-dance exercise program on balance among the fall-risk elderly. Songkla Med J. 2008 26 (4): 323-337. (in Thai)
22. Adler, PA, Roberts, RL. The use of Tai Chi to improve health in older adults Orthopaedic. 2006 25 (2): 122-126.
23. Arnold CM, Meena MS, Elizabeth LH. Exercise for fall risk reduction in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Physiotherapy Canada. 2008 60 (4): 358-372.
24. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action. NJ: Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs; 1986.
25. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of self-control. Gordonsville, VA: WH Freeman & Co; 1997.
26.Whitney SL, Marchetti GF, Ellis JL, Otis L. Improvement in balance in older adults engaged in a specialized home care falls prevention program. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2013 36 (1): 3-12.
27. Donat H, Ozcan A. Comparison of the effectiveness of two programmes on older adults at risk of falling: unsupervised home exercise and supervised group exercise. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2007 21 (3): 273-283.
28. Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Salive ME, Wallace RB. Lower extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1995 332 (9): 556-562.
29. Thiamwong L, Petsirasan, R. Intrinsic risk factors of falls among Thai older adults in the long-term institutional care.Thai Journal of Nursing Council. 2009 24 (1): 77-87. (in Thai)
30. Judge JO. Balance training to maintain mobility and prevent disability. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003 25 (3): 150-156.
31. Kabauwnrat C. Elastic band for disease fighting [cited 2012 June 2]; Available from:https://pr.ku.ac.th/pr_news/headnews/stick/stick.htm. (in Thai)
32. Latham NK, Bennett DA, Stretten CM, Anderson CS. Systematic review of progressive resistance strength training in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2004 59 (1): M48-M61.
33. Lord SR, Ward JA, William P, Strudwick M. The effect of a 12-month exercise trial on balance, strength, and falls in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1995 43 (11): 1198-1206.
34. Merin G, Merin BV. Research with Hispanic population: Applied social research method series. 23. Newbury Park, Sage Publications; 1991.
35. Moreland JD, Richardson JA, Goldsmith CH, Clase CM. Muscle weakness and falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2004 52 (7): 1121-1129.
36. Polit DF. Data analysis & statistics for nursing research. New Jersey: Prentic Hall; 1996.
37. Puggaard L. Effects of training on functional performance in 65, 75 and 85 year‐old women: Experiences deriving from community based studies in Odense, Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports.2003 13 (1): 70-76.
38. Sharaf AY, Hanaa SI. Physical and psychosocial correlates of fear of falling: among older adults in assisted living facilities. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 2008 34 (12): 27-35.
39. Stevens J. Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Science. 4th Edition. New Jersey: Lawrence; 2009.
2. Aekplakorn W. Editor. The fourth report of national health examination survey of Thai people (2008-2009).
Nonthaburi: The Graphico System; 2009. [In Thai].
3. Tinetti ME, Powell L. Fear of falling and low self-efficacy: A cause of dependence in elderly persons. The Jour of Geront. 1993 48 (special issue): 35-38.
4. Gelbard R, Inaba K, Okove OT, Morrell M, Saadi Z, Lam L, Talving P, Demetriades D Falls in the elderly: a modern look at an old problem. Am J Surg. 2014 208 (2): 249-253.
5. Deshpande N, Metter EJ, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Guralnik J, Ferrucci L. Activity restriction induced by fear of falling and objective and subjective measures of physical function: a prospective cohort study. JAGS. 2008 56 (4): 615-620.
6. Teixeira LEPP, Silva KNG, Imoto AM, Teixeira TJP, Kayo AH, Montenegro- Rodriques R, Peccin MS, Trevisanl VFM. Progressive load training for the quadriceps muscle associated with proprioception exercises for the prevention of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A randomized controlled trial. Osteoporosis Int. 2010 21: 589-596.
7. Gauchard GC, Jeandel C, Tessier A, Perrin PP. Beneficial effect of proprioceptive physical activities on balance control in elderly human subjects. Neurosci Lett. 1999 273: 81-84.
8. Tideiksaar, R. Falls in older people: Prevention and management.3rd Edition, Baltimore: Health Professions Press; 2004.
9. Muir SW, Berg K, Chesworth B, Klar N, Speechley M. Balance impairment as a risk factor for falls in community- dwelling older adults who are high functioning: Prospective study. Phys Ther. 2010 90 (3): 338-347.
10. Maciaszek J. Osinski W. The effects of Tai Chi on body balance in Elderly people: A review of studies from the early 21st century. Am J Chinese Med. 2010 38 (2): 219-229.
11. Titler MG, Shever LL, Kanak MF, Ticone DM, Qin R. Factors associated with falls during hospitalization in an older adult population. Research and Theory for Nurs Pract: An Intern J. 2011 25 (2): 127-148.
12. Thiamwong L, Jitapunkul S, Panyachevin J. The effectiveness of the Thai Fall Risk Assessment Tool (Thai FRAT) in Thai community elderly. J of Geront and Geriatric Med. 2004 12 (2): 14-23. (in Thai)
13. Tinetti ME, Richman D, Powell L. Fall efficacy as a measure of fear of falling. The Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Science. 1990 45 (6): 239-243.
14. Harnirattisai T, Thongtawee B. Self-efficacy for exercise and physical performance in older Thai adults. The
Gerontologist. 2006 56 (special issue 1): 385.
15. Harnirattisai T, Johnson RA. Effectiveness of a behavioral change intervention in Thai elders after knee replacement. Nursing Research. 2005 54(2): 2-12.
16. Moyer VA. Prevention of falls in community-dwelling older adults: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2012 157 (3): 197-204.
17. Lee HC, Chang KC. Effects of multifactorial fall prevention program on fall incidence and physical function in community-dwelling older adults with risks of falls. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013 94: 606-615.
18.Zijlstra GAR, van Haastregt JCM, Ambergen T, van Rossum E, van Eijk JTM, Tennstedt SL, Kempen GIJM. Effects of a multicomponent cognitive behavioral group intervention on fear of falling and activity avoidance in community-dwelling older adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
2009 57 (11): 2020-2028.
19. Costello E, Edelstein JE.Update on fall prevention for community-dwelling older adults: Review of single and multifactorial intervention programs. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 2008 45 (8): 1135-1152.
20. Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JCT. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of American Geriatric Society. 2008 56 (12): 2234-2243.
21. Pruksasri P, Kongin W, Jitanoon P. The effects of social-dance exercise program on balance among the fall-risk elderly. Songkla Med J. 2008 26 (4): 323-337. (in Thai)
22. Adler, PA, Roberts, RL. The use of Tai Chi to improve health in older adults Orthopaedic. 2006 25 (2): 122-126.
23. Arnold CM, Meena MS, Elizabeth LH. Exercise for fall risk reduction in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Physiotherapy Canada. 2008 60 (4): 358-372.
24. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action. NJ: Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs; 1986.
25. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of self-control. Gordonsville, VA: WH Freeman & Co; 1997.
26.Whitney SL, Marchetti GF, Ellis JL, Otis L. Improvement in balance in older adults engaged in a specialized home care falls prevention program. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2013 36 (1): 3-12.
27. Donat H, Ozcan A. Comparison of the effectiveness of two programmes on older adults at risk of falling: unsupervised home exercise and supervised group exercise. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2007 21 (3): 273-283.
28. Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Salive ME, Wallace RB. Lower extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1995 332 (9): 556-562.
29. Thiamwong L, Petsirasan, R. Intrinsic risk factors of falls among Thai older adults in the long-term institutional care.Thai Journal of Nursing Council. 2009 24 (1): 77-87. (in Thai)
30. Judge JO. Balance training to maintain mobility and prevent disability. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003 25 (3): 150-156.
31. Kabauwnrat C. Elastic band for disease fighting [cited 2012 June 2]; Available from:https://pr.ku.ac.th/pr_news/headnews/stick/stick.htm. (in Thai)
32. Latham NK, Bennett DA, Stretten CM, Anderson CS. Systematic review of progressive resistance strength training in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2004 59 (1): M48-M61.
33. Lord SR, Ward JA, William P, Strudwick M. The effect of a 12-month exercise trial on balance, strength, and falls in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1995 43 (11): 1198-1206.
34. Merin G, Merin BV. Research with Hispanic population: Applied social research method series. 23. Newbury Park, Sage Publications; 1991.
35. Moreland JD, Richardson JA, Goldsmith CH, Clase CM. Muscle weakness and falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2004 52 (7): 1121-1129.
36. Polit DF. Data analysis & statistics for nursing research. New Jersey: Prentic Hall; 1996.
37. Puggaard L. Effects of training on functional performance in 65, 75 and 85 year‐old women: Experiences deriving from community based studies in Odense, Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports.2003 13 (1): 70-76.
38. Sharaf AY, Hanaa SI. Physical and psychosocial correlates of fear of falling: among older adults in assisted living facilities. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 2008 34 (12): 27-35.
39. Stevens J. Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Science. 4th Edition. New Jersey: Lawrence; 2009.
Downloads
Published
2015-02-10
How to Cite
1.
Harnirattisai T, Thongtawee B, Raetong P. The Effects of a Physical Activity Program for Fall Prevention among Thai Older Adults. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2015 Feb. 10 [cited 2024 Nov. 5];19(1):4-18. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/18537
Issue
Section
Original paper
License
Copyright: The Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, Thailand Nursing & Midwifery Council has exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
.png)
