Factors Explaining Medication Adherence of Older Adults with Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Study
Keywords:
Medication adherence, Older adults, Hypertension, VietnamAbstract
Medication adherence plays a crucial role to control hypertension especially in older adults who are confronted with several challenges to effective pharmacotherapy. However, medication adherence in older people varies widely because of the influence of many factors. This study examined the factors of medication regimen complexity, physical function, social support, health literacy, patient-provider communication, health belief, and self-efficacy in explaining medication adherence of older people with hypertension. Three hundred people aged 60 years and older diagnosed with hypertension were recruited from outpatient departments of four hospitals in Vietnam. Nine questionnaires were used for collecting data: a demographic data form, Hill-Bone Compliance Scale, Medication Regimen Complexity Index, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Short-Form Health Literacy Questionnaire, Communication subscale of the Interpersonal Processes of Care Survey, Health Belief for Hypertensive Patient Scale,and Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale-Revised. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis.
The results indicated that self-efficacy, appropriate health belief, patient-provider communication, and medication regimen complexity jointly and significantly explained 39.9% of the variation in medication adherence. This finding suggests that nurses can develop interventions to enhance medication adherence by improving communication between patients and healthcare providers, providing instructions to clarify patients’ understanding regarding hypertension and medication, and increasing their confidence in medication administration.
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