Prevalence and Predictors of Sarcopenia Among Older Buddhist Monks in Thailand
Keywords:
Gait speed, Handgrip strength, Older monks, Physical activity, Sarcopenia, Skeletal muscle mass indexAbstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of musculoskeletal condition, and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia has established the following diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia: (1) handgrip strength (< 26 kg) and/or (2) gait speed (< 0.8 meter/second) and (3) skeletal muscle mass index (< 7 kg/m2). Sarcopenia is known to have a negative impact on quality of life, including falls and progressive disability. Older Buddhist monks may be at a higher risk for sarcopenia because of dietary problems, low levels of exercise, and chronic illnesses. This study used a descriptive correlational design aiming to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and the predictability of this and its three components in 324 older monks in Bangkok and a surrounding province. Measures for data collection were demographic and health questionnaires containing 13 questions, and measures of body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression.
Results revealed that the prevalence of sarcopenia was zero. All participants had a normal skeletal muscle mass index; however, 31.2% had low handgrip strength; and 55.2% had low gait speed. Age and physical activity together predicted low handgrip strength. Age and chronic illness together predicted low gait speed. Body mass index, physical activity, and weight loss together predicted skeletal muscle mass index.
Age and physical activity are strongly predictability with the components of sarcopenia, and nurses should promote moderate to vigorous physical activity for maintaining muscle strength and gait ability.
References
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):412-23.
Shafiee G, Keshtkar A, Soltani A, Ahadi Z, Larijani B, Heshmat R. Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta- analysis of general population studies. J Diab & Metab Dis. 2017; 16:21.
Han P, Kang L, Guo Q, Wang J, Zhang W, Shen S, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in suburb-dwelling older Chinese using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia definition. J Gerontol Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2016;71(4): 529-35.
Su Y, Hirayama K, Han TF, Izutsu M, Yuki M. Sarcopenia prevalence and risk factors among Japanese community dwelling older adults living in a Snow-Covered city according to EWGSOP2. J Clin Med. 2019;8(3).
Ethgen O, Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Bruyere O, Reginster JY. The future prevalence of sarcopenia in Europe: A claim for public health action. Calci Tissue Int. 2017;100(3):229-34.
Promklang D, Piaseu N, Maruo SJ, Tantiprasoplap S. Factors associated with sarcopenia amongst older adults in congested communities in Bangkok. Thai J of Nurs Council. 2018; 33 (1): 49-6. [in Thai].
Thiengtham S, Somboontanont W, Leelahakul V, Hiengkaew V. Physical activity, nutritional status and depression related to sarcopenia community dwelling older adults, J of Nurs Sci and Health. 2015; 38 (4): 10. [in Thai].
Wiriya B, Piaseu N, Neelapaichit N, Tantiprasoplap S. Prevalence and predictors of sarcopenia in older people with type2 diabetes. Pac Rim Int J Nurs Res. 2019;23 (3): 297-309.
Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15 (2):95-101.
Von Haehling S, Morley JE, Anker SD. An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1(2):129-33.
Tyrovolas S, Koyanagi A, Olaya B, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Miret M, Chatterji S, et al. Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi-continent study. J Cachexia Sarcopeni. 2016;7(3): 312-21.
Ke-Vin C, Tsai-Hsuan HSU, Wei-Ting WU, Kuo-Chin H, Der-Sheng HAN. Is sarcopenia associated with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Age Ageing. 2017;46(5):738-46.
Hashimoto Y, Kaji A, Sakai R, Hamaguchi M, Okada H, Ushigome E, et al. Sarcopenia is associated with blood pressure variability in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study of the KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18(9):1345-9.
Parker BA, Capizzi JA, Grimaldi AS, Clarkson PM, Cole SM, Keadle J, et al. Effect of statins on skeletal muscle function. Circulation. 2013;127(1):96-103.
Ali S, Garcia JM. Sarcopenia, cachexia and aging: diagnosis, mechanisms and therapeutic options - a mini-review. Gerontology. 2014;60(4):294-305.
Yu R, Wong M, Leung J, Lee J, Auyeung TW, Woo J. Incidence, reversibility, risk factors and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14 Suppl 1:15-28.
Tanimoto Y, Watanabe M, Sun W, Sugiura Y, Hayashida I, Kusabiraki T, et al. Sarcopenia and falls in communitydwelling elderly subjects in Japan: Defining sarcopenia according to criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in older people. Arch Gerontol Geriat. 2014; 59(2):295-9.
Distefano G, Standley RA, Zhang X, Carnero EA, Yi F, Cornnell HH, et al. Physical activity unveils the relationship between mitochondrial energetics, muscle quality, and physical function in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopeni. 2018;9(2):279-94.
Rom O, Kaisari S, Aizenbud D, Reznick AZ. Sarcopenia and smoking: a possible cellular model of cigarette smoke effects on muscle protein breakdown. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1259:47-53.
Ankatavanich J, Ariyapitipan T, Visetrit V, Prasoptham J, Panpanich D. Situation of nutrition status problem among Thai monks in SonkThaiglairoke project. Bangkok: Punyamit Printing Company Limited; 2017.
Kuthanawanitphong N, Poomriew R, Leyatikul P, Petchliab W. Cigarette smoking situation among monks, novices, nuns and followers and effects of program for development of temple smoke-free area Nakhorn Ratchasima Province. Thai J of Health Prom and Environ. 2013; 37(2): 94107. [in Thai].
Cohen, J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1998.
Casals-Vazquez C, Suarez-Cadenas E, Estebanez Carvajal FM, Aguilar Trujillo MP, Jimenez Arcos MM, Vazquez Sachez MA. [Relationship between quality of life, physical activity, nutrition, glycemic control and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. Nutr Hosp. 2017; 34(5):1198-204.
Dudek SG. Nutrition essentials for nursing practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. 2018.
Jitapunkul S. Principles of geriatric medicine. In: Jitapunkul S, editor. Analysis of geriatric medicine. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University; 1998:88-89.
Aekplakorn W, editor. The Fifth Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES V). Nonthaburi, TH: Health Systems Research Institute;2014. [in Thai].
Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T. Prevalence of major depressive disorders and suicide in long-term care facilities: a report from Northern Thailand. Psychogeriatrics. 2012; 12(1): 11-17.
World Health Organization (WHO)/The International Association for the Study of Obesity (IASO)/The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Melbourne: Health Communications Australia. 2000.
Dechpratham P. Exercise in older adult. In Assantachai P, editor. Common health problems in the older adult and prevention. Bangkok: Union Creation; 2015:399-423.
Kalyani RR, Metter EJ, Egan J, Golden SH, Ferrucci L. Hyperglycemia predicts persistently lower muscle strength with aging. Diab Care. 2015;38(1):82-90.
Willey JZ, Moon YP, Kulick ER, Cheung YK, Wright CB, Sacco RL, et al. Physical inactivity predicts slow gait speed in an elderly multi-ethnic cohort study: the northern Manhattan study. Neuroepidemiology. 2017;49(1-2):24-30.
Zembron-Lacny A, Dziubek W, Rogowski L, Skorupka E, Dabrowska G. Sarcopenia: monitoring, molecular mechanisms, and physical intervention. Physiol Res. 2014;63(6):683-91.
Coto Montes A, Boga JA, Bermejo Millo C, Rubio González A, Potes Ochoa Y, Vega Naredo I, et al. Potential early biomarkers of sarcopenia among independent older adults. Maturitas. 2017;104:117-22.
Thai Society of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. Nutritional management in the elderly (1st ed.) 2017. Bangkok: Parbpim. [in Thai].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright: The Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, Thailand Nursing & Midwifery Council has exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
.png)
