Effects of Buddhist Doctrine-Based Practice on Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Hopelessness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Keywords:
Buddhism, Breast cancer, Fear of cancer, Hopelessness, Survivor, Randomized Controlled Trial.Abstract
Fear of cancer recurrence and hopelessness are apparent and persistent psychological problems following primary treatment among survivors of breast cancer. These feelings negatively affect cancer recurrence, adjustment, and the quality of life among survivors. This study examined the effectiveness of a Buddhist doctrine-based practice in reducing fear of cancer recurrence and hopelessness. Participants included 59 survivors of breast cancer, who received primary treatment only, and who were 1-3 years post-diagnosis and cancer free. Twenty nine were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 30 to the control group. The experimental group received a 9-day intervention consisting of three sessions of group education, two sessions of group training, and 8 days of home practice (self-training in critical reflection). Data were collected using the Concerns about Recurrence Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The Friedman test and Mann-Whitney U test were used in data analysis.
Results indicated that fear of cancer recurrence and hopelessness in the experimental group was significantly less than the control group at all measuring points. There was a significant difference in fear of cancer recurrence between the two groups at 2 weeks and 1 month after completing the intervention. Also, there was a significant difference in hopelessness between the two groups at 1 month after completing the intervention. Thus, healthcare providers can use this intervention to reduce fear of cancer recurrence and hopelessness among survivors of breast cancer after completion of primary treatment. However further studies are recommended, with a longer duration to assess the long-term impact of the intervention.
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2. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts & figures 2015. C2015 [cited 2015April 3]. Available from https://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf
3. Australian Government Cancer Australia. Breast cancer statistics. C2015 [cited 2015April 3]. Available from https://canceraustralia.gov.au/affected-cancer/cancer types/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-statistics
4. National Cancer Institute. Cancer in Thailand 2007-2009 Vol. VII. C2013[cited 2015April 3]. Available from https://www.nci.go.ththFile_downloadNci%20Cancer%20RegistryCancer%20in%20thailand_VII.pdf
5.Simard S, Thewes B, Humphris G, Dixon M, Hayden C, Mireskandari S. Fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors: a systematic review of quantitative studies. J Cancer Surviv. 2013; 7(3): 300-22.
6.Anguiano L, Mayer DK, Piven ML. A literature review of suicide in cancer patients. Cancer Nurs. 2012; 35(4):E14-e26.
7. Watson M, Homewood J, Haviland J, Bliss JM. Influence of psychological response on breast cancer survival: 10-year follow-up of a population-based cohort. Eur J Cancer. 2005; 41(12): 1710-4.
8. Montel S. Fear of recurrence: a case report of a woman breast cancer survivor with GAD treated successfully by CBT. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2010; 17: 346–353.
9. Lengacher CA, Johnson-Mallard V, Post-White J, Moscoso MS, Jacobsen PB, Klein TW, et al. Randomized controlled trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psycho-oncology. 2009; 18: 1261–1272.
10. Crane-Okada R, Kiger H, Sugerman F, Uman GC, Shapiro SL, Wyman-McGinty W, Anderson NL. Mindful movement program for older breast cancer survivors: a pilot study. Cancer Nurs. 2012; 35(4): E1-13.
11.Yavuzsen T, Karadibak D, Cehreli R, Dirioz M. Effect of group therapy on psychological symptoms and quality of life in Turkish patients with breast cancer.APJCP. 2012;13(11): 5593-5597.
12. Robinson JD, Hoover DR, Venetis MK, Kearney TJ, Street RL. Consultations between patients with breast cancer and surgeons: a pathway from patient-centered communication to reduced Hopelessness. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31(3):351-8.
13. Mekara P. Effect of Christian listening prayer counseling on hopelessness. A Master Thesis of Science, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University; 2009. [in Thai]
14. Schreiber JA. Image of God: effect on coping and psychospiritual outcomes in early breast cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2011; 38(3): 293–301.
15. Munoz AR., Garcia SF, Victorson D, Salsman JM. Spirituality and post-traumatic growth predict fear of recurrence among young adult cancer survivors. C2013 [cited 2013 October 15]. Available from https://www.
sbm.org/UserFiles/file/B-037b_Munoz_Alexis.pdf
16.Tungpunkom P, Wonghongkul T, Aree P, Thummathai K, Sawasdisingha P, Muttarak M. Lived Experienced of Breast Cancer Survivors. Nurs J. 2006; 33(4): 105-116.
17. Grassi L, Travado L, Gil F, Sabato S, Rossi E, Tomamichel M. Hopelessness and related variables among cancer patients in the Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study (SEPOS). Psychosomatics. 2010; 51(3): 201-207.
18. Murphy PE, Ciarrocchi JW, Piedmont RL, Cheston S, Peyrot M, Fitchett G. The relation of religious belief and practices, depression, and hopelessness in persons with clinical depression. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000; 68(6): 1102-6.
19. Sungsing K, Hatthakit U, Aphichato A. Cancer patient’s experiences in using meditation for self-healing. Songkla Med J. 2007; 25(1): 39-48
20. National Statistical Office. Brief survey of the social, cultural, and mental health conditions 2011 for executives. C2011 [cited 2015 October 15]. Available from https://service.nso. go.th/nso/nsopublish/themes/files/mental HealthSum54.pdf
21. Payutto PA. Critical reflection: thinking method based on Buddhism. C2013[cited 2013 October 15]. Available from https://www.watnyanaves.netuploadsFilebookspdfyonisomanasikara_thinking_in_ways_of_buddhadhamma.pdf
22. Suppalor N. Using Buddhist group counseling to decrease entrance examination anxiety and develop critical reflection for Mathayomsuksa six students.A Master of Arts thesis, Faculty of Education, Kasetsart University; 1999. [in Thai]
23. Pra Mahakriangsak. The effects of group counseling applying Yonisomasikarn of Buddha on the anger of adolescent students. A Master of Science thesis, Faculty of Education, Burapha University; 2006. [in Thai]
24. Hanrinth R, Rungreangkulkij S. Buddhist-oriented individual counseling for depressed chronic illness patients. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand. 2008; 16(1): 14-23 [in Thai].
25. Singpan C. Effects of a self-development program based on Yonisomanasikãra principle on university students’ happiness. A Master of Science thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University; 2010. [in Thai]
26. SomdetPhraNyanasamvara. Wisdom in Buddhism. C2010 [cited 2012 May 20]. Available from https://www.openbase.in.thfilesebooksanghset1sangharaja034.pdf
27. Burn N, Grove S. The practice of nursing research: conduct critique and utilization. Philadephia: W.B.Saunders; 2001.
28. Polit DF, Hungler BP. Nursing research: principles and methods. Philadephia: J.B.Lippincott; 1999.
29. Vickberg SMJ. The concerns about recurrence scale (CARS): a systematic measure of women’s fears about the possibility of breast cancer recurrence. Ann Behav Med. 2003; 25(1): 16-24.
30. Sawasdipanich N, Tiansawad S. Instrument translation for cross-cultural research: technique and issues to be considered. Thai Journal of Nursing Council. 2011;26 (1): 19-28 [in Thai].
31. Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, Trexler L. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. Psychol Assess. 1974; 42(6): 861-865.
32. Tungjitpakdeesakul T. Factors related to self-esteem and hopelessness among juvenile delinquents in central observation and protection center. A Master of Science thesis, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; 2002. [in Thai]
33. BunyanupabVipassana Centre. Dhamma with cancer [CD-ROM]. [Lampang: publisher unknown]; C2013. 1 CD-ROM: sound, color, 4 3/4 in.
34. Teeneemochit Variety Talk Show. Life against cancer [clipvideo]. C2013 [cited 2014 March 26]. Available from: https://goo.gl/HJ2xFR
35. Jaijit P. Appliance school Administrators of Yonisomanasikasa with effectiveness of Management in schools under the Office of educational service Areas, Nakhon Phanom. A Master Thesis of Education, Faculty of Education, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhathat University; 2009. [in Thai]
36. Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara. What did the Buddha teach? n.p; 1994.
37. Phra Paisal Visalo. Buddhism and the value of life. Samut Prakarn: Kunlayanatam; 2010.
38. Payutto PA. The Role of Faith in Science and Buddhism. n.d. [cited 2013 July 10]. Retrieved from https://www.dharmaweb.org/index.php/The_Role_of_Faith_in_Science_and_Buddhism_by_Bhikkhu_P._A._Payutto
39. W. Vajiramedhi. The Buddhist way of thinking [clip video]. C2005 [cited 2013 July 19]. Available from https://www.kanlayanatam.com/
40. Buddhadasa Bhikkhu. Buddhadasa Bhikkhu collection of short stories. Bangkok: Sukhapapjai; 1952.
41. Phra Paisal Visalo. Buddhist learning process. C2009 [cited 2013 July 19].Available from https://www.visalo.org/article/budKrabuankarn.htm
42.Buddhadasa Bhikkhu. Fear. C 1995 [cited 2012 May 20]. Available from https://www.buddhadasa.com/shortbook/fearghost.html
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2015-11-18
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Bannaasan B, Pothiban L, Khampolsiri T, Saengthong S. Effects of Buddhist Doctrine-Based Practice on Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Hopelessness: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2015 Nov. 18 [cited 2024 Dec. 19];19(4):295-310. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/22747
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