Mental Health Nurses in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Survey of Workplace Violence and its Associated Factors
Keywords:
Indonesia, Mental health, Mental health hospital, Mental Health Nurses, Psychiatric Nurses, Workplace violence, Physical aggression, Physical attack, Verbal abuseAbstract
Violence in the workplace is a problem that acknowledges no national borders and has a big impact on nurse wellbeing and working performance globally. This descriptive cross-sectional study examined violence and its associated factors experienced by nurses in Indonesia. Data were obtained from 120 registered nurses working at a mental health hospital in West Java. Workplace violence was assessed using the 2003 World Health Organization Survey Questionnaire on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with workplace violence.
A total of 46.7% of nurses reported being verbally abuse, 29.2% having been physically attacked, and 24.2% experiencing both verbal abuse and physical attack. Among those experiencing both verbal abuse and physical attack, 27.6% of this occurred in acute care settings, and 32.1% happened during unit round and routine treatment. Nurses who had graduated with a diploma III were more likely to experience a physical attack and both physical and verbal abuse than those with a bachelor degree. Those who worked in the acute care unit tended to experience more physical violence and verbal abuse than in other units. The findings demonstrated a high incidence of occupational violence against mental health nurses, including high-intensity verbal abuse, physical aggression, and combination. Leaders and managers within the Indonesian mental health system, including physicians and nurses, as well as government officials need to develop and implement policies to combat this. Adequate budgets are needed to provide ongoing and routine prevention and management of violence and aggression training for all mental health workers in the clinics.
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