Psychometric Testing of the Perimenopausal Depression Scale-Turkish Version
Keywords:
Depression Scale, Perimenopause, Psychometric testing, Translation, Turkey, Validation StudyAbstract
Perimenopausal hormonal fluctuations cause vasomotor, somatic, metabolic, cognitive, and menstrual cycle changes that may lead to depression. This study adapted and translated the Perimenopausal Depression Scale from English into Turkish and verified the validity and reliability of its psychometric properties in perimenopausal women not receiving hormone replacement therapy. This study was conducted between September and November 2020, and included 169 women aged between 40 and 53 years with perimenopausal symptoms, who visited a state menopausal polyclinic. The Perimenopausal Depression Scale-Turkish Version, Kupperman Index, Menopause Rating Scale, and demographic questionnaire were administered to the patients. Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and correlation coefficient were calculated. The overall scale and all five subscales of the Perimenopausal Depression Scale-Turkish Version had acceptable internal consistency scores, good construct and criterion validity, and a high intraclass correlation. Therefore, this translated scale and its subscales are suitable for Turkish women. Further verification is recommended for women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Mental health nurses and midwives could use the Perimenopausal Depression Scale-Turkish Version to distinguish depressive symptoms from perimenopausal depression in women visiting outpatient clinics or menopause polyclinics, or in the community mental health context.
References
1. Li RX, Ma M, Xiao XR, Xu Y, Chen XY, Li B. Perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders in perimenopause: prevalence, severity, relationships, and risk factors. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(32):e4466. doi:10.1097/MD.000000000000
4466.
2. Soules MR, Sherman S, Parrott E, Rebar R, Santoro N, Utian W, et al. Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW). J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2001;10(9):843-8. doi:10.1089/152460901753285732.
3. Delamater L, Santoro N. Management of the perimenopause. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2018;61(3):419-32. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000389.
4. Maki PM, Kornstein SG, Joffe H, Bromberger JT, Freeman EW, Athappilly G, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations. Menopause. 2018;25(10):1069-85.
doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001174.
5. Suss H, Ehlert U. Psychological resilience during the perimenopause. Maturitas. 2020;131(48-56):48-56. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.10.015.
6. de Kruif M, Spijker AT, Molendijk ML. Depression during the perimenopause: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016; 206(174-80):174-80. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.040.
7. Willi J, Ehlert U. Assessment of perimenopausal depression: a review. J Affect Disord. 2019;249(216-22):216-22. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.029. Taskiran G, Ozgul S. Individual characteristics associated with menopausal symptom severity and menopause-specific quality of life: a rural perspective. Reprod Sci. 2021. doi:10. 1007/s43032-021-00545-y.
9. Duran AD, Sinan O. Determination of sexual function disorders and depression conditions in natural and surgical menopausal women. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;6(2):150-6. doi:10.30934/kusbed.633350.
10. Kaba F, Demirel Bozkurt Ö. Complementary and alternative therapies in menopause symptoms. Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;3(2):134-42.
11. Dündar T, Toptaş B, Karaçam Z. The use of St. John’s wort in menopausal symptom management: a systematic review. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. 2020;10(2):258-68. doi:10.31020/mutftd.688744.
12. Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall JE, Lobo R, Maki P, Rebar RW, et al. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Menopause. 2012;19(4): 387-95.
doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31824d8f40.
13. Stute P, Spyropoulou A, Karageorgiou V, Cano A, Bitzer J, Ceausu I, et al. Management of depressive symptoms in periand postmenopausal women: EMAS position statement. Maturitas. 2020;131:91-101. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.
2019.11.002.
14. Kulkarni J, Gavrilidis E, Hudaib AR, Bleeker C, Worsley R, Gurvich C. Development and validation of a new rating scale for perimenopausal depression-the Meno-D. Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8(1):123. doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0172-0.
15. Bromberger JT, Epperson CN. Depression during and after the perimenopause: impact of hormones, genetics, and environmental determinants of disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2018; 45(4):663-78. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.007.
16. Prince E, Oguzoncul AF, Tasdemir R. Age at the onset of menopause and its influencing factors in Turkish women in a rural area. J Women Aging. 2016;28(3):238-46. doi:10.1080/08952841.2014.951231.
17. Maki PM, Kornstein SG, Joffe H, Bromberger JT, Freeman EW, Athappilly G, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2019;
28(2):117-34. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.27099.mensocrec.
18. Wario BA, Guerrieri GM, Thompson K, Koziol DE, Haq N, Martinez PE, et al. Depression during the menopause transition: impact on quality of life, social adjustment, and disability. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017;20(2):273-82.
doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0701-x.
19. Gürkan ÖC. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Menopausal Symptoms Assessment Scale. Nurs Forum. 2005;3:30-5 (in Turkish).
20. Sahin NH, Kharbouch SB. Perimenopausal contraception in Turkish women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2007;6(1):1. doi:10.1186/1472-6955-6-1.
21. Alder E. The Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index: a critique. Maturitas. 1998;29(1):19-24. doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(98)00024-3.
22. Engindeniz AN, Kuey L, Kultur S. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In Book of the Annual Meeting of the Turkish Psychiatric Association; Turkish Psychiatric Association Press; 1996. pp. 51-2.
23. Aygin D, Aslan FE. The Turkish adaptation of the Female Sexual Function Index. Turk Klin J Med Sci. 2005; 25(3):393-9.
24. Lewis CA, Kimmig AS, Zsido RG, Jank A, Derntl B, Sacher J. Effects of hormonal contraceptives on mood: a focus on emotion recognition and reactivity, reward processing, and stress response. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019; 21(11):115.
doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1095-z.
25. Uğurlu F, Aylar F. Development of teacher self-perception scale toward supporting and training courses: validity and reliability study. Gazi Univ J Sci. 2017;3(1):28-43.
26. MacCallum RC, Widaman KF, Preacher KJ, Hong S. Sample size in factor analysis: the role of model error. Multivariate Behav Res. 2001;36(4):611-37. doi:10. 1207/S15327906MBR3604_06.
27. Degroot AM, Dannenburg L, Van Hell JG. Forward and backward word translation by bilinguals. J Mem Lang. 1994; 33(5):600-29. doi:10.1006/jmla.1994.1029.
28. Ceylan B, Ozerdogan N. Factors affecting age of onset of menopause and determination of quality of life in menopause. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;12(1):43-9. doi:10.4274/tjod.79836.
29. Peşin MK, Tuzcular E, Vural EZT, Gönenç I, Egici MT. Relationship between Kupperman Index and quality of life in the menopausal period. Euras J Fam Med. 2019;8(Suppl1):64-5. doi:10.33880/ejfm.201908Suppl1.
30. Schneider HPG, Heinemann LAJ, Thiele K. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS): cultural and linguistic translation into English. Life and Medical Science Online. 2002;3. doi:10.1072/LO0305326.
31. Öner N. Psychological tests used in Turkey. 2nd ed. Bogazici Basımev, Istanbul; 2009. pp. 520-5.
32. Ercan I, Kan I. Reliability and validity in the scales. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine. 2004;30:211-6.
33. Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG. Sampled scientific research methods. Anı Publishing, Ankara; 2013. pp. 42-4 (in Turkish).
34. Vasconcelos-Raposo J, Coelho E, Fernandes HM, Rodrigues C, Moreira H, Teixeira C. Factor structure and normative data of the Greene Climacteric Scale among postmenopausal Portuguese women. Maturitas. 2012; 72(3):256-62. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.04.003.
35. Karacam Z, Kitis Y. The Postpartum Depression Screening Scale: Its reliability and validity for the Turkish population. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2008;19(2):187-96 (in Turkish).
36. Doğan T, Çötok NA. Adaptation of the short form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 2016;4(36):165-72. doi:10.17066/pdrd. 94477.
37. Bayraktar P, Uçanok Z. A review of menopausal approaches and cross-cultural studies. Study of Soc Politics J. 2002;5(5):12-25. doi:10.21560/spcd.81162.
38. Coşkun D. Incidence of depression and effects of hormone replacement therapy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. İstanbul Sağlık [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2021 Apr 27]. Ministry of Health Okmeydani Training and Research
Hospital Specialty Thesis. Available from: http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/tez/pdf/kadin_hast/dr_deniz_coskun.pdf (in Turkish).
39. Yanikkerem E, Göker A, Çakır Ö, Esmeray N. Effects of physical and depressive symptoms on the sexual life of Turkish women in the climacteric period. Climacteric. 2018;21(2):160-6. doi:10.1080/13697137.2017.1417374.
40. Avis NE, Brockwell S, Colvin A. A universal menopausal syndrome? Am J Med. 2005;118(Suppl 12B):37-46. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.057.
4466.
2. Soules MR, Sherman S, Parrott E, Rebar R, Santoro N, Utian W, et al. Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW). J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2001;10(9):843-8. doi:10.1089/152460901753285732.
3. Delamater L, Santoro N. Management of the perimenopause. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2018;61(3):419-32. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000389.
4. Maki PM, Kornstein SG, Joffe H, Bromberger JT, Freeman EW, Athappilly G, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations. Menopause. 2018;25(10):1069-85.
doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001174.
5. Suss H, Ehlert U. Psychological resilience during the perimenopause. Maturitas. 2020;131(48-56):48-56. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.10.015.
6. de Kruif M, Spijker AT, Molendijk ML. Depression during the perimenopause: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016; 206(174-80):174-80. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.040.
7. Willi J, Ehlert U. Assessment of perimenopausal depression: a review. J Affect Disord. 2019;249(216-22):216-22. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.029. Taskiran G, Ozgul S. Individual characteristics associated with menopausal symptom severity and menopause-specific quality of life: a rural perspective. Reprod Sci. 2021. doi:10. 1007/s43032-021-00545-y.
9. Duran AD, Sinan O. Determination of sexual function disorders and depression conditions in natural and surgical menopausal women. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;6(2):150-6. doi:10.30934/kusbed.633350.
10. Kaba F, Demirel Bozkurt Ö. Complementary and alternative therapies in menopause symptoms. Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;3(2):134-42.
11. Dündar T, Toptaş B, Karaçam Z. The use of St. John’s wort in menopausal symptom management: a systematic review. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. 2020;10(2):258-68. doi:10.31020/mutftd.688744.
12. Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall JE, Lobo R, Maki P, Rebar RW, et al. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Menopause. 2012;19(4): 387-95.
doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31824d8f40.
13. Stute P, Spyropoulou A, Karageorgiou V, Cano A, Bitzer J, Ceausu I, et al. Management of depressive symptoms in periand postmenopausal women: EMAS position statement. Maturitas. 2020;131:91-101. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.
2019.11.002.
14. Kulkarni J, Gavrilidis E, Hudaib AR, Bleeker C, Worsley R, Gurvich C. Development and validation of a new rating scale for perimenopausal depression-the Meno-D. Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8(1):123. doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0172-0.
15. Bromberger JT, Epperson CN. Depression during and after the perimenopause: impact of hormones, genetics, and environmental determinants of disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2018; 45(4):663-78. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.007.
16. Prince E, Oguzoncul AF, Tasdemir R. Age at the onset of menopause and its influencing factors in Turkish women in a rural area. J Women Aging. 2016;28(3):238-46. doi:10.1080/08952841.2014.951231.
17. Maki PM, Kornstein SG, Joffe H, Bromberger JT, Freeman EW, Athappilly G, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2019;
28(2):117-34. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.27099.mensocrec.
18. Wario BA, Guerrieri GM, Thompson K, Koziol DE, Haq N, Martinez PE, et al. Depression during the menopause transition: impact on quality of life, social adjustment, and disability. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017;20(2):273-82.
doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0701-x.
19. Gürkan ÖC. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Menopausal Symptoms Assessment Scale. Nurs Forum. 2005;3:30-5 (in Turkish).
20. Sahin NH, Kharbouch SB. Perimenopausal contraception in Turkish women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2007;6(1):1. doi:10.1186/1472-6955-6-1.
21. Alder E. The Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index: a critique. Maturitas. 1998;29(1):19-24. doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(98)00024-3.
22. Engindeniz AN, Kuey L, Kultur S. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In Book of the Annual Meeting of the Turkish Psychiatric Association; Turkish Psychiatric Association Press; 1996. pp. 51-2.
23. Aygin D, Aslan FE. The Turkish adaptation of the Female Sexual Function Index. Turk Klin J Med Sci. 2005; 25(3):393-9.
24. Lewis CA, Kimmig AS, Zsido RG, Jank A, Derntl B, Sacher J. Effects of hormonal contraceptives on mood: a focus on emotion recognition and reactivity, reward processing, and stress response. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019; 21(11):115.
doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1095-z.
25. Uğurlu F, Aylar F. Development of teacher self-perception scale toward supporting and training courses: validity and reliability study. Gazi Univ J Sci. 2017;3(1):28-43.
26. MacCallum RC, Widaman KF, Preacher KJ, Hong S. Sample size in factor analysis: the role of model error. Multivariate Behav Res. 2001;36(4):611-37. doi:10. 1207/S15327906MBR3604_06.
27. Degroot AM, Dannenburg L, Van Hell JG. Forward and backward word translation by bilinguals. J Mem Lang. 1994; 33(5):600-29. doi:10.1006/jmla.1994.1029.
28. Ceylan B, Ozerdogan N. Factors affecting age of onset of menopause and determination of quality of life in menopause. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;12(1):43-9. doi:10.4274/tjod.79836.
29. Peşin MK, Tuzcular E, Vural EZT, Gönenç I, Egici MT. Relationship between Kupperman Index and quality of life in the menopausal period. Euras J Fam Med. 2019;8(Suppl1):64-5. doi:10.33880/ejfm.201908Suppl1.
30. Schneider HPG, Heinemann LAJ, Thiele K. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS): cultural and linguistic translation into English. Life and Medical Science Online. 2002;3. doi:10.1072/LO0305326.
31. Öner N. Psychological tests used in Turkey. 2nd ed. Bogazici Basımev, Istanbul; 2009. pp. 520-5.
32. Ercan I, Kan I. Reliability and validity in the scales. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine. 2004;30:211-6.
33. Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG. Sampled scientific research methods. Anı Publishing, Ankara; 2013. pp. 42-4 (in Turkish).
34. Vasconcelos-Raposo J, Coelho E, Fernandes HM, Rodrigues C, Moreira H, Teixeira C. Factor structure and normative data of the Greene Climacteric Scale among postmenopausal Portuguese women. Maturitas. 2012; 72(3):256-62. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.04.003.
35. Karacam Z, Kitis Y. The Postpartum Depression Screening Scale: Its reliability and validity for the Turkish population. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2008;19(2):187-96 (in Turkish).
36. Doğan T, Çötok NA. Adaptation of the short form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 2016;4(36):165-72. doi:10.17066/pdrd. 94477.
37. Bayraktar P, Uçanok Z. A review of menopausal approaches and cross-cultural studies. Study of Soc Politics J. 2002;5(5):12-25. doi:10.21560/spcd.81162.
38. Coşkun D. Incidence of depression and effects of hormone replacement therapy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. İstanbul Sağlık [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2021 Apr 27]. Ministry of Health Okmeydani Training and Research
Hospital Specialty Thesis. Available from: http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/tez/pdf/kadin_hast/dr_deniz_coskun.pdf (in Turkish).
39. Yanikkerem E, Göker A, Çakır Ö, Esmeray N. Effects of physical and depressive symptoms on the sexual life of Turkish women in the climacteric period. Climacteric. 2018;21(2):160-6. doi:10.1080/13697137.2017.1417374.
40. Avis NE, Brockwell S, Colvin A. A universal menopausal syndrome? Am J Med. 2005;118(Suppl 12B):37-46. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.057.
Downloads
Published
2021-12-09
How to Cite
1.
Tosun H, Nilay Gül Bal, Kulkarni J. Psychometric Testing of the Perimenopausal Depression Scale-Turkish Version. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2021 Dec. 9 [cited 2024 Nov. 22];26(1):7-20. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/255271
Issue
Section
Original paper
License
Copyright: The Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, Thailand Nursing & Midwifery Council has exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
.png)
