Effectiveness of the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and Family Support Enhancement Program among First-time Postpartum Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors

  • Pattiya Chainakin Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
  • Nantaporn Sansiriphun Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
  • Nonglak Chaloumsuk Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
  • Jirawan Deeluea Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60099/prijnr.2023.262625

Keywords:

Breastfeeding, Effective breastfeeding, Family support, First-time mothers, Perceived sufficient milk

Abstract

         First-time mothers often lack effective breastfeeding techniques and may perceive they have insufficient milk due to inadequate experience in breastfeeding. There are limited programs for enhancing effective breastfeeding and perceived sufficient milk among first-time mothers in Thailand. This randomized controlled trial study investigated the effects of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Family Support Enhancement Program on effective breastfeeding and perceived sufficient milk among first-time mothers. The participants included 64 pairs of first-time mothers with normal labor and their family members. They were recruited from an antenatal clinic in a province of Thailand and randomly assigned to the experimental arm (n = 32) to receive the program in addition to standard care or the control arm (n = 32) to receive only standard care. Data were collected using the Demographic and Obstetric Data Questionnaires, the Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool, H&H Lactation Scale for first-time mothers, and a demographic data questionnaire for family members. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and two-way mixed ANOVA.

The results indicated that, after receiving the program, the mean scores on effective breastfeeding and perceived sufficient milk at days 3, 10, and 28 postpartum in the experiment group were significantly higher than before receiving the program and significantly higher than that of the control group. Nurses can integrate this program to train family members to support first-time mothers in breastfeeding continuously and increase first-time mothers’ confidence in their ability to breastfeed effectively and perceive milk sufficiency. However, further testing of the program effectiveness is warranted.

References

Hill PD, Humenick SS. Development of the H & H Lactation Scale. Nurs Res. 1996;45(3):136-40. doi:10. 1097/00006199-199605000-00003.

Mohebati LM, Hilpert P, Bath S, Rayman MP, Raats MM, Martinez H, et al. Perceived insufficient milk among primiparous, fully breastfeeding women: is infant crying important? Matern Child Nutr. 2021;17(3):e13133. doi:10.1111/mcn.13133

Amaral SAD, Bielemann RM, Del-Ponte B, Valle NCJ, Costa CDS, Oliveira MDS, et al. Maternal intention to breastfeed, duration of breastfeeding and reasons for weaning: a cohort study, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, 2014. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020;29(1):e2019219. doi:10. 5123/s1679-49742020000100024.

Ansook P, Kantaruksa K, Chaloumsuk N. Factors related to perceived insufficient milk supply among first-time mothers with cesarean section. Nurs J CMU. 2020;47(4): 192–202.

Safon C, Keene D, Guevara WJU, Kiani S, Herkert D, Muñoz EE, et al. Determinants of perceived insufficient milk among new mothers in León, Nicaragua. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;13(3):e12369. doi:10.1111/mcn.12369.

Topothai C, Topothai T, Suphanchaimat R, Waleewong O, Putthasri W, Patcharanarumol W, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding experiences of Thai mothers in metropolitan Bangkok. Int J Womens Health. 2022;14:155–66. doi:10. 2147/ijwh.s344389.

Amaral SAD, Bielemann RM, Del-Ponte B, Valle NCJ, Costa CDS, Oliveira MDS, et al. Maternal intention to breastfeed, duration of breastfeeding and reasons for weaning: a cohort study, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, 2014. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020;29(1):e2019219. doi:10.5123/s1679- 49742020000100024.

Saddki N, Mohamad N, Johar N, Ismail TAT, Sulaiman Z. Determinants of non-exclusive breastfeeding practice during the first 6 months after an elective cesarean birth: a prospective cohort study. Int Breastfeed J. 2022;17(1):36. doi: 10.1186/ s13006-022-00475-8.

Topothai C, Topothai T, Suphanchaimat R, Patcharanarumol W, Putthasri W, Hangchaowanich Y, et al. Breastfeeding practice and association between characteristics and experiences of mothers living in Bangkok. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(15):7889. doi:10.3390/ijerph18157889.

Abdulla F, Hossain MM, Karimuzzaman M, Ali M, Rahman A. Likelihood of infectious diseases due to lack of exclusive breastfeeding among infants in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2022;;17(2):e0263890. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0263890.

Walters DD, Phan LTH, Mathisen R. The cost of not breastfeeding: global results from a new tool. Health Policy Plan. 2019;34(6):407-17. doi:10.1093/heapol/czz050.

Stordal B. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: a call for action in high-income countries with low rates of breastfeeding. Cancer Med. 2023;12(4):4616-25. doi:10.1002/cam4.5288.

Yuen M, Hall OJ, Masters GA, Nephew BC, Carr C, Leung K, Griffen A, McIntyre L, Byatt N, Moore Simas TA. The Effects of Breastfeeding on Maternal Mental Health: A Systematic Review. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022 Jun;31(6):787-807. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0504.

Huang Y, Liu Y, Yu X, Zeng T. The rates and factors of perceived insufficient milk supply: a systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 2022;18(1):e13255. doi:10.1111/mcn.13255.

Bandura A. Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. 1st ed. New York: Worth Publishers;1997.

Prasitwattanaseree P, Sinsuksai N, Prasopkittikun T, Viwatwongkasem C. Effectiveness of breastfeeding skills training and support program among first-time mothers: a randomized control trial. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res. 2019;23(3):258-70.

Fadjriah RN, Krisnasari S, Gugu Y. Relationship between family social support and exclusive breastfeeding behavior at Talise Health Center, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9(E):312-6. doi:10.3889/oamjms. 2021.5987.

Theodorah DZ, Mc’Deline RN. The kind of support that matters to exclusive breastfeeding: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03590-2.

Krikitrat P. Thai fathers’ self-efficacy to support exclusive breastfeeding [dissertation]. [Illinois]:University of Illinois at Chicago; 2021.

Wynter K, Di Manno L, Watkins V, Rasmussen BS, Macdonald JA. Midwives’ experiences of father participation in maternity care at a large metropolitan health service in Australia. Midwifery. 2021;101:103046. doi:10.1016/j. midw.2021.103046.

Pillay J, Davis TJ. Physiology, lactation. Treasure Island (FL.): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.

Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. 1st ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall;1986.

Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav. 2004;31(2):143-64. doi:10.1177/ 1090198104263660.

Al-Ruwaili M, Al-Turki Y, Alardan A. Social anxiety and its effect on self-efficacy among family medicine residents in Riyadh. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018;7(2):389-93. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_360_17.

House JS. Work stress and social support. Boston: Addison-Wesley; 1981.

Öztürk R, Ergün S, Özyazıcıoğlu N. Effect of antenatal educational intervention on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success: a quasi-experimental study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2022;56:e20210428. doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0428.

Parmar S, Viswanath L. The effectiveness of a breastfeeding self-efficacy program on breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding practice among primigravida mothers. JNMMH. 2018;4(2):33-7. doi:10.21088/jnmmh.2454. 7506.4218.1

Demirci JR, Suffoletto B, Doman J, Glasser M, Chang JC, Sereika SM, et al. The development and evaluation of a text message program to prevent perceived insufficient milk among first-time mothers: retrospective analysis of a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(4):e17328. doi:10. 2196/17328.

World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.

Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.

Ingram J, Johnson D, Copeland M, Churchill C, Taylor H. The development of a new breastfeeding assessment tool and the relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Midwifery. 2015;31(1),132-7. doi:10.1016/j.midw. 2014.07.001.

Singhala K, Mills AC, Wong-Anuchit C. Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool—Thai version: translation, validity, and reliability. J Hum Lact. 2022;38(2):227- 35. doi:10.1177/08903344221079348.

Punthmatharith B, Singh J. A psychometric assessment of the H & H Lactation Scale in a sample of Thai mothers using a repeated measurement design. Nurs Res. 2005; 54(5): 313-23. doi:10.1097/00006199-20050900 0-00005.

Gao H, Wang J, An J, Liu S, Li Y, Ding S, et al. Effects of prenatal professional breastfeeding education for the family. Sci Rep. 2022;12:5577. doi: 10.1038/s415 98-022-09586-y.

Nagel EM, Howland MA, Pando C, Stang J, Mason SM, Fields DA, et al. Maternal psychological distress and lactation and breastfeeding outcomes: a narrative review. Clin Ther. 2022;44(2):215-27. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera. 2021.11.007.

Gómez L, Verd S, de-la-Banda G, Cardo E, Servera M, Filgueira A, et al. Perinatal psychological interventions to promote breastfeeding: a narrative review. Int Breastfeed J. 2021;;16(1):8. doi:10.1186/s13006-020-003 48-y.

Aboul-Enein BH, Dodge E, Benajiba N, Mabry RM. Interventions and programs to promote breastfeeding in Arabic-speaking countries: a scoping review. Matern Child Health J. 2023; 27(5):774–94. doi:10.1007/s109 95-023-03595-7.

James L, Sweet L, Donnellan-Fernandez R. Self-efficacy, support and sustainability – a qualitative study of the experience of establishing breastfeeding for first-time Australian mothers following early discharge. Int Breastfeed J. 2020;15(1):98. doi:10.1186/s13006-020-00337-1.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-28

How to Cite

1.
Chainakin P, Sansiriphun N, Chaloumsuk N, Deeluea J. Effectiveness of the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and Family Support Enhancement Program among First-time Postpartum Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2023 Sep. 28 [cited 2024 Oct. 6];27(4):694-710. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/262625