Effectiveness of a Self-management Support Program on Self-Care Behaviors and Diabetic Control among Adults with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: A Quasi-Experimental Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60099/prijnr.2026.274358Keywords:
Blood glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, Self-care, Self-management, Type 2 diabetes, Uncontrolled diabetes mellitusAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease with a substantial impact on global public health. Individuals with diabetes are considered immunocompromised and face elevated risks of complications from viral infections, particularly COVID-19. To improve outcomes, effective plasma glucose control and robust self-management strategies are essential. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of a self-management support program on self-care behaviors, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c levels among adults with uncontrolled diabetes attending diabetic clinics in two hospitals in central Thailand. Thirty-two participants from each setting were purposively recruited by matched of their gender, age, body mass index, and similar HbA1c levels. The experimental group received a Self-management Support Program for 12 weeks; the control group received only usual care. Outcomes measures were the Self-Care Behaviors Questionnaire, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c levels. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.
Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the program in glycemic control and behavior change. Nurses can use this program in practice to empower adults with uncontrolled diabetes to manage themselves. However, further study with long-term follow-up to determine the sustainability of self-care behaviors and glycemic control using randomized controlled trials is needed.
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