Developing Resiliency in Children through Family-Based Life Skills Training Intervention: A Randomized Control Trial
Keywords:
Children, Family-based intervention, Parent participation, Resilience, Resilience Skills, Randomized Control Trial, Training programAbstract
Resilience skill in children is necessary to help them balance their stress during adverse conditions. This study examined the effects of the Family-Based Life Skills Training Intervention on the Resilience of Children. The program combined parent training with child life skills training. The study was conducted in a central province of Thailand from January-March 2014, where three elementary schools were randomly selected and all eligible 4th grade students and their parents were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 80) or a control group (n = 82). Data were collected from all participants prior to implementation, and one week and two months after completed intervention via the Proactive Coping Inventory. The repeated measures ANOVA and the independent t-test were used to test the effect of the program.
The results indicated that participants in the experimental group had significantly higher resilience scores than before receiving the intervention and higher than those in the control group over time. The interaction effects of intervention by time on the resilience bmean score changes were found. These findings suggest the intervention require an active parent involvement in child skills intervention to improve resilience skill. An implication for nursing practice is that school nurses should use the family-based intervention to develop child resilience skills but further research is required on the intervention over a longer duration.
References
1. World Bank. Thai flood 2011: rapid assessment for resilient recovery and reconstruction planning [monograph on the Internet]. Nonthaburi, Thailand: The Graphico Systems; 2012 [cited 2015 October 14]; Available from: https:// www.gfdrr. org/sites/gfdrr.org/files/publication/ Thai_ Flood_2011_2.
2. Turnbull M, Sterrett CL, Hilleboe A. Toward resilience: a guide to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation [monograph on the Internet]. UK: Hobbs the Printer; 2013 [cited 2014 Jan 23]; Available from: https://www.alnap. org/ecb/toward-resilience-a-guide-to-disaster-riskreduction-and-climate-change-adaptation
3. Piyasil V, Ketuman P, Prubrukarn R, Ularntinon S, Sitdhiraksa N, Pithayaratsathien N et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder in children after tsunami disaster in Thailand: A 5-year follow-up. J Med Assoc Thai. 2011; 94 (Suppl. 3): S138-S144.
4. NCH- The Bridge Child Care Development Service. Literature review: Resilience in children and young people [monograph on the Internet]. London: NCH - The Bridge Child Care Development; 2007 [cited 2013 April 14]. Available from: https://www.actionforchildren.org.uk/media/3420/resilience_in_children_in_young_people.pdf
5. Mental health reports [database on the Internet]. Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. 2012. [cited 2013 October 25]. Available from: https:// www.dmh.go.th/sty-lipnews/news [in Thai]
6. Piyasil V, Ketuman P, Plubrukarn R, Jotipanut V, Tanprasert S, Aowjinda S et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder in children after tsunami disaster in Thailand: 2 year follow-up. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007; 90: 2370-76.
7. Tuicomepee A, Romano J L. Thai adolescent survivors 1 year after the 2004 Tsunami: a mixed methods study. J Couns Psychol. 2008; 55: 308-20.
8. Voices of children: attitudes and opinions of children and youth regarding flood disaster response and preparedness (เสียงสะท้อนของเด็กที่ได้รับผลกระทบจากน้ำท่วม) (Thai) [database on the Internet]. Keenapan N. 2012 – [cited 2013 April 6]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/ thailand/ tha/reallives_19858.html.
9. Grotberg EH. A guide to promoting resilience in children: Strengthening the human spirit. [monograph on the Internet]. The Hague, Netherlands: The Bernard van Leer Foundation; 1995 [cited 2013 Mar 3]; Available from: https://resilnet. uiuc.edu/library/grotb95b.html
10. Pisano U. Resilience and sustainable development: Theory of resilience, systems thinking and adaptive governance. [monograph on the Internet]. Vienna, Austria: European Sustainable Development Network (ESDN); 2012 [cited 2015 August 30]; Available from:https://www.sd-network. eu/quarterly%20reports/report%20files/pdf/2012September-Resilience_and_Sustainable_Development.pdf
11. McCallin M. Child development and resilience. In: Nosworthy D, editor. Seen, but not heard: Placing children and youth on the security governance agenda [monograph on the Internet]. Zürich : Lit; 2009.
12. Linke P, Radich J, editors. Children's resilience: working with the early years learning Framework [monograph on the Internet]. Canberra: Elect Printing; 2010 [cited 2015 Aug 31]. Available from: https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia. org.au/shop/ product/childrens-resilience-workingwith-the-early-years-learning-framework-e-version/
13. Gilbert SW. Disaster Resilience: A Guide to the Literature. [monograph on the Internet]. Maryland: NIST Special Publication 1117; 2010 [cited 2013 Mar 3]; Available from: https://www.nist.gov/node/608526
14. Riley AW, Valdez CR, Barrueco S, Mills C, Beardslee W, Sandler I et al. Development of a family-based program to reduce risk and promote resilience among families affected by maternal depression: theoretical basis and program description. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2008; 11:12–29.
15. Carlson L, Bassett G, Buehring W, Collins M, Folga S, Haffenden B et al. Resilience: Theory and applications [monograph on the Internet]. Chicago: Argonne; 2012 [cited 2012 April 5]. Available from: https:// www.dis.anl.gov/pubs/72218.pdf
16. Turnbull M, Sterrett CL, Hilleboe A. Toward resilience: A guide to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation [monograph on the Internet].UK: Hobbs the Printer; 2013 [cited 2014 Jul 9]. Available from: https:// developmentbookshop.com/toward-resilience
17. World Bank. Building Resilience: Integrating climate and disaster risk into development. [monograph on the Internet]. Washington DC: World Bank; 2013 [cited 2014 Sep 19]. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ handle/10986/16639 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO
18. Northern Territory Government. Coping skills (resilience) South Australia: Northern Territory Government; 2011 [cited 2013 April 14]. Available from: https:// www.families.nt.gov.au
19. Botvin GJ, Griffin KW. Life skills training: Empirical findings and future directions. J Prim Prev.2004; 25(2): 211-32.
20. Armstrong MI, Birnie-Lefcovitch S, Ungar MT. Pathways between social support, family well being, quality of parenting, and child resilience: What we know. J Child Fam Stud. 2005; 14 (2): 269-81.
21. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process.1991; 50: 179-211.
22. Hutchinson MK, Wood E. Reconceptualizing adolescent sexual risk in a parent-based expansion of the theory of planned behavior. J Nurs Scholarship. 2007; 39(2): 141-46.
23. Stevens J. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. 5th ed. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group; 2009.
24. Greenglass E R, Schwarzer R, Taubert S. The Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI): A multidimensional research instrument; 1999 [On-line publication] [cited 2013 Oct 29]. Available from https://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~ health/greenpci.htm
25. Tatha O, Laorujisawat P, Greenglass E. The validity and reliability of the proactive coping inventory (PCI): Thai version (Thai).Chula Med J. 2013; 57 (6): 765-78.
26. Chamberlain P, Price J, Leve LD, Laurent H, Landsverk JA, Reid JB. Prevention of behavior problems for children in foster care: Outcomes and mediation effects. Prev Sci. 2008; 9(1): 17-27.
27. Kummabutr J, Phuphaibul R, Suwonnaroop N, Villarruel AM, Nityasuddhi D. The effect of a parent training program, in conjunction with a life skills training program for school-age children, on children’s life skills, and parents’ child-rearing skills and perceptions of support for child life skills development. Pac Rim Int J Nurs Res Thail. 2013; 17(1): 3-27.
28. Munro BH. Repeated measures analysis of variance. In: Munro BH, editors. Statistical Methods for Health Care Research. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 213-238.
29. La Greca AM, Vernberg EM, Silverman WK, Vogel AL, Prinstein MJ. Helping children cope with disasters: A manual for professionals working with elementary school children [monograph on the Internet]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press [cited 2014 Oct 15]. Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 255598853 _HelpingChildren Cope_with_Disasters_A_ Manual_ for_Professionals_Working_with_ Elementary_ School_Children
2. Turnbull M, Sterrett CL, Hilleboe A. Toward resilience: a guide to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation [monograph on the Internet]. UK: Hobbs the Printer; 2013 [cited 2014 Jan 23]; Available from: https://www.alnap. org/ecb/toward-resilience-a-guide-to-disaster-riskreduction-and-climate-change-adaptation
3. Piyasil V, Ketuman P, Prubrukarn R, Ularntinon S, Sitdhiraksa N, Pithayaratsathien N et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder in children after tsunami disaster in Thailand: A 5-year follow-up. J Med Assoc Thai. 2011; 94 (Suppl. 3): S138-S144.
4. NCH- The Bridge Child Care Development Service. Literature review: Resilience in children and young people [monograph on the Internet]. London: NCH - The Bridge Child Care Development; 2007 [cited 2013 April 14]. Available from: https://www.actionforchildren.org.uk/media/3420/resilience_in_children_in_young_people.pdf
5. Mental health reports [database on the Internet]. Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. 2012. [cited 2013 October 25]. Available from: https:// www.dmh.go.th/sty-lipnews/news [in Thai]
6. Piyasil V, Ketuman P, Plubrukarn R, Jotipanut V, Tanprasert S, Aowjinda S et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder in children after tsunami disaster in Thailand: 2 year follow-up. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007; 90: 2370-76.
7. Tuicomepee A, Romano J L. Thai adolescent survivors 1 year after the 2004 Tsunami: a mixed methods study. J Couns Psychol. 2008; 55: 308-20.
8. Voices of children: attitudes and opinions of children and youth regarding flood disaster response and preparedness (เสียงสะท้อนของเด็กที่ได้รับผลกระทบจากน้ำท่วม) (Thai) [database on the Internet]. Keenapan N. 2012 – [cited 2013 April 6]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/ thailand/ tha/reallives_19858.html.
9. Grotberg EH. A guide to promoting resilience in children: Strengthening the human spirit. [monograph on the Internet]. The Hague, Netherlands: The Bernard van Leer Foundation; 1995 [cited 2013 Mar 3]; Available from: https://resilnet. uiuc.edu/library/grotb95b.html
10. Pisano U. Resilience and sustainable development: Theory of resilience, systems thinking and adaptive governance. [monograph on the Internet]. Vienna, Austria: European Sustainable Development Network (ESDN); 2012 [cited 2015 August 30]; Available from:https://www.sd-network. eu/quarterly%20reports/report%20files/pdf/2012September-Resilience_and_Sustainable_Development.pdf
11. McCallin M. Child development and resilience. In: Nosworthy D, editor. Seen, but not heard: Placing children and youth on the security governance agenda [monograph on the Internet]. Zürich : Lit; 2009.
12. Linke P, Radich J, editors. Children's resilience: working with the early years learning Framework [monograph on the Internet]. Canberra: Elect Printing; 2010 [cited 2015 Aug 31]. Available from: https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia. org.au/shop/ product/childrens-resilience-workingwith-the-early-years-learning-framework-e-version/
13. Gilbert SW. Disaster Resilience: A Guide to the Literature. [monograph on the Internet]. Maryland: NIST Special Publication 1117; 2010 [cited 2013 Mar 3]; Available from: https://www.nist.gov/node/608526
14. Riley AW, Valdez CR, Barrueco S, Mills C, Beardslee W, Sandler I et al. Development of a family-based program to reduce risk and promote resilience among families affected by maternal depression: theoretical basis and program description. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2008; 11:12–29.
15. Carlson L, Bassett G, Buehring W, Collins M, Folga S, Haffenden B et al. Resilience: Theory and applications [monograph on the Internet]. Chicago: Argonne; 2012 [cited 2012 April 5]. Available from: https:// www.dis.anl.gov/pubs/72218.pdf
16. Turnbull M, Sterrett CL, Hilleboe A. Toward resilience: A guide to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation [monograph on the Internet].UK: Hobbs the Printer; 2013 [cited 2014 Jul 9]. Available from: https:// developmentbookshop.com/toward-resilience
17. World Bank. Building Resilience: Integrating climate and disaster risk into development. [monograph on the Internet]. Washington DC: World Bank; 2013 [cited 2014 Sep 19]. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ handle/10986/16639 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO
18. Northern Territory Government. Coping skills (resilience) South Australia: Northern Territory Government; 2011 [cited 2013 April 14]. Available from: https:// www.families.nt.gov.au
19. Botvin GJ, Griffin KW. Life skills training: Empirical findings and future directions. J Prim Prev.2004; 25(2): 211-32.
20. Armstrong MI, Birnie-Lefcovitch S, Ungar MT. Pathways between social support, family well being, quality of parenting, and child resilience: What we know. J Child Fam Stud. 2005; 14 (2): 269-81.
21. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process.1991; 50: 179-211.
22. Hutchinson MK, Wood E. Reconceptualizing adolescent sexual risk in a parent-based expansion of the theory of planned behavior. J Nurs Scholarship. 2007; 39(2): 141-46.
23. Stevens J. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. 5th ed. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group; 2009.
24. Greenglass E R, Schwarzer R, Taubert S. The Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI): A multidimensional research instrument; 1999 [On-line publication] [cited 2013 Oct 29]. Available from https://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~ health/greenpci.htm
25. Tatha O, Laorujisawat P, Greenglass E. The validity and reliability of the proactive coping inventory (PCI): Thai version (Thai).Chula Med J. 2013; 57 (6): 765-78.
26. Chamberlain P, Price J, Leve LD, Laurent H, Landsverk JA, Reid JB. Prevention of behavior problems for children in foster care: Outcomes and mediation effects. Prev Sci. 2008; 9(1): 17-27.
27. Kummabutr J, Phuphaibul R, Suwonnaroop N, Villarruel AM, Nityasuddhi D. The effect of a parent training program, in conjunction with a life skills training program for school-age children, on children’s life skills, and parents’ child-rearing skills and perceptions of support for child life skills development. Pac Rim Int J Nurs Res Thail. 2013; 17(1): 3-27.
28. Munro BH. Repeated measures analysis of variance. In: Munro BH, editors. Statistical Methods for Health Care Research. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 213-238.
29. La Greca AM, Vernberg EM, Silverman WK, Vogel AL, Prinstein MJ. Helping children cope with disasters: A manual for professionals working with elementary school children [monograph on the Internet]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press [cited 2014 Oct 15]. Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 255598853 _HelpingChildren Cope_with_Disasters_A_ Manual_ for_Professionals_Working_with_ Elementary_ School_Children
Downloads
Published
2017-02-28
How to Cite
1.
Kummabutr J, Buaboon N, Sinsiri C. Developing Resiliency in Children through Family-Based Life Skills Training Intervention: A Randomized Control Trial. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2017 Feb. 28 [cited 2024 Nov. 18];21(1):59-74. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/34276
Issue
Section
Original paper
License
Copyright: The Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, Thailand Nursing & Midwifery Council has exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
.png)
