Factors Associated with Kidney Damage among Thais with Lupus Nephritis
Keywords:
Disease Activity, Kidney Damage, Lupus Nephritis, Self-Management, ThailandAbstract
Kidney damage is a serious, irreversible, adverse change to the kidney, including anatomical, physiological, or functional damage. Thus, screening for and management of factors associated with kidney damage are necessary to initiate early intervention to prevent or minimize permanent damage to the kidneys. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the factors associated with kidney damage among Thais with lupus nephritis. Data collection took place between July 2012 and June 2013 at the auto- immunology, allergy, and rheumatology clinic of a large university hospital located in Bangkok, Thailand. The participants consisted of 140 persons with lupus nephritis. Data were obtained through a Personal Data Form, the Disease Activity Record, the Thai Depression Inventory, the Self-Management Questionnaire, and a Clinical Data Form and were analyzed by descriptive statistics; t-test and Cohen’s d effect size and chi-square. Findings indicated that disease duration, depression, disease activity, and self-management are associated with kidney damage among Thais with lupus nephritis, significantly. Cohen’s d effect size indicated that disease activity had the largest effect, followed by self-management, depression and disease duration, respectively. In terms of self-management, Cohen’s d indicated that nutrition had the largest effect, then avoiding risk factors such as fatigue, sun, stress, and infection. Disease activity and depression could be diminished by good self-management. Thus, nurses should provide self-management support emphasising a balanced diet, and minimizing exposure to risk factors, which will delay kidney damage.
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