A Causal Model of Health Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Keywords:
Cerebral palsy, Family coping, Family management, Health status, Social supportAbstract
The health status of children with cerebral palsy can vary greatly. While some children experience healthy others children experience severe impairments and a greater number of health conditions and need long-term dependence on the family. To improve the health status of children with cerebral palsy, it is critical to estimate the effects of the factors on the child’s health. The objective of this study was to test a causal model of health status among 208 Thai children with cerebral palsy. Data were collected via eight questionnaires including a demographic data questionnaire, the severity of disability, the Social Support Questionnaire, the Family Hardiness Index, the Access Items, the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, the Family Management Measure, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Cerebral Palsy Module. The hypothesized model was validated by LISREL program.
The hypothesized model (Model of Health Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy) fitted the empirical data and explained 49.9% of the variance in health status of the children. Family coping and family management had significant direct positive effects on health status; whereas, family hardiness and severity of disability had significant direct negative effects on health status. The nursing implication from this study includes developing a program focused on enhancing family coping and management to help the children improve their health status. Future studies of hardiness in Thai families are needed to fully understand the relationship between the family hardiness and the health status of children with cerebral palsy.
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26. Xue J, Ooh J, Magiati I. Family functioning in Asian families raising children with autism spectrum disorders: The role of capabilities and positive meanings. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2014;58(5):406-20.
27. Kim DH, Im YJ. The influence of family management style on psychosocial problems of childhood cancer survivors in Korea. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2015; 19(2):107-12.
28. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate data analysis: A global prespective. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River: NJ: Pearson Education; 2010.
29. Manuel JC, Balkrishnan R, Camacho F, Smith BP, Koman LA. Factors associated with self-esteem in pre- adolescents and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2003;32:456-8.
30. McCubbin MA, McCubbin HI, Thompson AI. FHI: Family Hardiness Index In: McCubbin HI, Thompson AI, McCubbin MA, editors. Family Assessment: Resiliency, Coping and Adaptation: Inventories for Research and Practice Madison: University of Wisconsin; 1996. p. 239-305.
31. Santati S, Wittaya-soonporn J, Hanucharurnkul S, Vangveeravong M, Kanjanawasee S. Asthma management abilities causal model: An empirical test among parent caregivers of the pre-school asthmatic children. Thai Journal of Nursing Research. 2006;10(2):98-112.
32. Cunningham WE, Hays RD, Williams KW, Beck KC, Dixon WJ, Shapiro MF. Access to medical care and health-related quality of life for low-income persons with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus. Medical Care. 1995;33(7):739-54.
33. McCubbin HI, Larsen A, Olson D. Family Crisis Oriented Personal Scales (F-COPES). In: McCubbin HI, Thompson AI, McCubbin MA, editors. Family assessment: Resiliency, coping &adaptation: Inventories for research and practice Madison: WI: University of Wisconsin; 1981. p. 455-507.
34. Rungreangkulkij S. Experience of Thai families of a person with schizophrenia: Family stress and adaptation [Doctoral dissertation]: University of California San Francisco; 2000.
35. Knafl K, Deatrick J, Gallo A, Holcombe G, Bakitas M, Dixon J, et al. The analysis and interpretation of cognitive interviews for instrument development. Research in Nursing & Health. 2007;30(2):224-34.
36. Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Berrin SJ, Sherman SA, Artavia K, Malcarne VL, et al. The PedsQL in pediatric cerebral palsy: Reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Generic Core Scales and Cerebral Palsy Module. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2006;48(6):442-9.
37. Tantilipikorn P, Watter P, Prasertsukdee S. Feasibility, reliability and validity of the Thai version of the pediatric quality of life inventory 3.0 cerebral palsy module. Quality of Life Research. 2013;22:415-21.
38. Kim I, Ekas NV, Hock R. Associations between child behavior problems, family management, and depressive symptoms for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 2016;26:80-90.
39. Lopundung T. Service needs of caregivers for people with cerebral palsy in rural areas of Chaiyaphum province [Master degree]: Mahidol University; 2007 [in Thai].
40. Law M, Hanna S, Anaby D, Kertoy M, King G, Xu L. Health-related quality of life of children with physical disabilities: A longitudinal study. BMC Pediatrics. 2014;14(1):14-26.
2. Blackmore AM, Bear N, Blair E, Gibson N, Jalla C, Langdon K, et al. Factors associated with respiratory illness in children and young adults with cerebral palsy. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2016;168(January):151-7.e1.
3. Bertule D, Vetra A. The family needs of parents of preschool children with cerebral palsy: The impact of child’s gross motor and communications functions. Medicina. 2014;50(6):323-8.
4. Basaran A, Karadavut KI, Uneri SO, Balbaloglu O, Atasoy N. The effect of having a children with cerebral palsy on quality of life, burn-out, depression and anxiety scores: A comparative study. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2013;49(6):815-22.
5. LaForme Fiss A, Chiarello LA, Bartlett D, Palisano RJ, Jeffries L, Almasri N, et al. Family ecology of young children with cerebral palsy. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2014;40(4):562-71.
6. Ribeiro MF, Vandenberghe L, Prudente CO, Vila VD, Porto CC. Cerebral palsy: How the child’s age and severity of impairment affect the mother’s stress and coping strategies. Ciencia & saude coletiva. 2016;21(10):3203-12.
7. Taanila A, Syrjala L, Kokkonen J, Jarvelin M-R. Coping of parents with physically and/or intellectually disabled children. Child: Care, Health & Development. 2002; 28(1):73-86.
8. McCubbin MA, McCubbin HI. Resiliency in families: A conceptual model of family adjustment and adaptation in response to stress and crisis. In: McCubbin HI, Thompson AI, McCubbin MA, editors. Family assessment: Resiliency, coping and adaptation-Inventories for research and practice. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Publishers; 1996. p. 1-64.
9. Kosciulek JF, McCubbin MA, McCubbin HI. A theoretical framework for family adaptation to head injury. Journal of Rehabilitation. 1993;35:40-5.
10. Leeman J, Crandell JL, Lee A, Bai J, Sandelowski M, Knafl K. Family functioning and the well-being of children with chronic conditions: A meta-analysis. Research in Nursing & Health. 2016;39:229-43.
11. Assis-Madeira EA, Carvalho SG, Blascovi-Assis SM. Functional performance of children with cerebral palsy from high and low socioeconomic status. Revista Paulista de Pediatria. 2013;31(1):51-7.
12. Keeratisiroj O, Thawinchai N, Siritaratiwat W, Buntragulpoontawee M. Prognostic predictors for ambulation in Thai children with cerebral palsy aged 2 to 18 years. Journal of Child Neurology. 2015;30(13):1812-8.
13. Kim I, Ekas NV, Hock R. Associations between child behavior problems, family management ability, and depressive symptoms for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2016;26:80-90.
14. Sikorová L, Bužgová R. Associations between the quality of life of children with chronic diseases, their parents’ quality of life and family coping strategies. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2016; 7(4):534-41.
15. Lai WW, Oei TPS. Coping in parents and caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD): A review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2014;1:207-24.
16. Moen ØL, Hedelin B, Hall-Lord ML. Family functioning, psychological distress, and well-being in parents with a child having ADHD. SAGE Open. 2016;6(Januray- March):1-10.
17. Hsiao CY. Family demands, social support and family functioning in Taiwanese families rearing children with Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2014;58(6):549-59.
18. Araújo CACd, Paz-Lourido B, Gelabert SV. Types of support to families of children with disabilities and their influence on family quality of life. Ciencia & saude coletiva. 2016;21:3121-30.
19. Chen J-Y. Mediators affecting family functioning in families of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008; 24(10):514-21.
20. Mitchell DB, Hauser-Cram P. Early predictors of behavior problems. Journal of Early Intervention. 2009;32(1):3-16.
21. Weiss JA, Robinson S, Fung S, Tint A, Chalmers P, Lunsky Y. Family hardiness, social support, and self-efficacy in mothers of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2013;7(11): 1310-7.
22. Gomes PT, Lima LH, Bueno MK, Araujo LA, Souza NM. Autism in Brazil: A systematic review of family challenges and coping strategies. Journal de Pediatria. 2015;91(2): 111-21.
23. Bannink F, Idro R, van Hove G. Parental stress and support of parents of children with spina bifida in Uganda. African Journal of Disability [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 March 30]; 5(1). Available from: https://www.ajod.org/index. php/ajod/article/view/225.
24. Tessier DW, Hefner JL, Newmeyer A. Factors related to psychosocial quality of life for children with cerebral palsy. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2014;2014:6.
25. Sikora D, Moran E, Orlich F, Hall TA, Kovacs EA, Delahaye J, et al. The relationship between family functioning and behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2013;7(2):307-15.
26. Xue J, Ooh J, Magiati I. Family functioning in Asian families raising children with autism spectrum disorders: The role of capabilities and positive meanings. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2014;58(5):406-20.
27. Kim DH, Im YJ. The influence of family management style on psychosocial problems of childhood cancer survivors in Korea. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2015; 19(2):107-12.
28. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate data analysis: A global prespective. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River: NJ: Pearson Education; 2010.
29. Manuel JC, Balkrishnan R, Camacho F, Smith BP, Koman LA. Factors associated with self-esteem in pre- adolescents and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2003;32:456-8.
30. McCubbin MA, McCubbin HI, Thompson AI. FHI: Family Hardiness Index In: McCubbin HI, Thompson AI, McCubbin MA, editors. Family Assessment: Resiliency, Coping and Adaptation: Inventories for Research and Practice Madison: University of Wisconsin; 1996. p. 239-305.
31. Santati S, Wittaya-soonporn J, Hanucharurnkul S, Vangveeravong M, Kanjanawasee S. Asthma management abilities causal model: An empirical test among parent caregivers of the pre-school asthmatic children. Thai Journal of Nursing Research. 2006;10(2):98-112.
32. Cunningham WE, Hays RD, Williams KW, Beck KC, Dixon WJ, Shapiro MF. Access to medical care and health-related quality of life for low-income persons with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus. Medical Care. 1995;33(7):739-54.
33. McCubbin HI, Larsen A, Olson D. Family Crisis Oriented Personal Scales (F-COPES). In: McCubbin HI, Thompson AI, McCubbin MA, editors. Family assessment: Resiliency, coping &adaptation: Inventories for research and practice Madison: WI: University of Wisconsin; 1981. p. 455-507.
34. Rungreangkulkij S. Experience of Thai families of a person with schizophrenia: Family stress and adaptation [Doctoral dissertation]: University of California San Francisco; 2000.
35. Knafl K, Deatrick J, Gallo A, Holcombe G, Bakitas M, Dixon J, et al. The analysis and interpretation of cognitive interviews for instrument development. Research in Nursing & Health. 2007;30(2):224-34.
36. Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Berrin SJ, Sherman SA, Artavia K, Malcarne VL, et al. The PedsQL in pediatric cerebral palsy: Reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Generic Core Scales and Cerebral Palsy Module. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2006;48(6):442-9.
37. Tantilipikorn P, Watter P, Prasertsukdee S. Feasibility, reliability and validity of the Thai version of the pediatric quality of life inventory 3.0 cerebral palsy module. Quality of Life Research. 2013;22:415-21.
38. Kim I, Ekas NV, Hock R. Associations between child behavior problems, family management, and depressive symptoms for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 2016;26:80-90.
39. Lopundung T. Service needs of caregivers for people with cerebral palsy in rural areas of Chaiyaphum province [Master degree]: Mahidol University; 2007 [in Thai].
40. Law M, Hanna S, Anaby D, Kertoy M, King G, Xu L. Health-related quality of life of children with physical disabilities: A longitudinal study. BMC Pediatrics. 2014;14(1):14-26.
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2017-08-07
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Duangdech W, Patoomwan A, Pookboonmee R, Orathai P, Rehm RS. A Causal Model of Health Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2017 Aug. 7 [cited 2024 Nov. 18];21(4):291-304. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/76392
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