Effects of Parenting Skills Training Program for Aggressive Behavior Reduction among School-aged Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Keywords:
Aggressive behaviour, Aggression, Children, Parenting skills training, School children, Theory of Planned Behavior, Parenting skills training programAbstract
Worldwide, improper parenting practices may induce behavioral problems in children, especially aggressive behavior. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of a Parenting Skills Training Program on parents’ intentions, and behaviours regarding modifying their sixth graders’ aggressive behavior. Two secondary schools with similar contexts in Bangkok were purposively selected to be the experimental and comparison schools. Students with high aggressive behavioural scores were identified and recruited, as well as their parents into the study. Parents of students in the experimental group received five weekly two-hour lessons of parenting skills training, whereas the comparison group did not receive the training. The parents’ intentions and behaviors regarding their child’s aggressive behavior modification were measured by a self- reported questionnaire and their child’s aggressive behaviors were assessed as well.
Results revealed that the parents in the experimental group had statistically significant higher mean scores of intentions and children’s aggressive modification behavior across all time points of measurements than those in the comparison group. Compared to the comparison group, the experimental group also had a statistically significant reduction of childrens’ aggressive behaviour at one week and one month after the Program. Nurses can apply this parenting skills training program to train the parents of school-aged children regarding aggressive behavior in the schools, childcare centers, pediatric units and communities with similar characteristics of populations, to prevent aggressive behaviors of their school-age children.
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35. Lavigne J V, LeBailly S A, Gouze K R, Binns H J, Keller J, Pate L. Predictors and correlates of completing behavioral parent training for the treatment of oppositional defiant disorder in pediatric primary care. Behavior Therapy. 2010; 41(2): 198 - 211.
36. Sedlar A. Parental aggression - related beliefs and behaviors as predictors of their children’s aggression related beliefs and behaviors. [thesis]. Graduate College of Bowling Green State University; 2015.
37. Finigan-Carr NM, Cheng T L, Gielen A, Haynie D L, Simons-Morton B. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict aggression and weapons carrying in urban African American early adolescent youth. Health Education & Behavior. 2015; 42(2): 220 - 230.
38. Roostai S M, Rakhshani F, Ramezankhani A, Soori H. Effect of education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on preventive behaviors of aggression. Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention. 2016; 4(1): 1-9.
39. Caldwell C H, Rafferty J, Reischl T M, Loney E D, Brooks CL. Enhancing parenting skills among nonresident African American fathers as a strategy for preventing youth risky behaviors. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2010; 45: 47 - 35.
40. Moylan C A, Herrenkohl T I, Sousa C, Tajima E A, Herrenkohl R C, Russo M J. The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Family Violence. 2010; 25(1):53-63.
2. Gremigni P, Damasio B, Borsa J C. Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate overt aggression and reactions to peer aggression. Psychology: Research and Review. 2013; 26(2): 311-318.
3. Estevez E, Jimenez T I , Musitu G. Violence and victimization at school in adolescence. In: Molina DH, editor. School Psychology. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.; 2008. p. 79-115.
4. Hsieh I J, Chen YY. Determinants of aggressive behavior: Interactive effects of emotional regulation and inhibitory control. PLoS ONE 2017; 12(4): e0175651.[cited 2017 November 29]. Available from https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175651.
5. Christophersen E, VanScoyoc S. What parents can do right now to reduce aggressive behavior in young children. Newsletter. 2010; 2: 1- 6.
6. Uludaq O. The Influence of aggression on students’ achievement: Evidence from higher education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013; 89: 954 - 958.
7. Williams R. Primary schools suspend 14 violent underfives everyday. The Guardian World News. [updated 2009 December 31; cited 2013 January 30]. Available from http://www.guardian.co.uk
8. Corso P S, Mercy J A, Simon T R, Finkelstein E A, Miller T R. Medical costs and productivity losses due to interpersonal and self-directed violence in the United States. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2007; 32(6): 475-482.
9. World Health Organization. Violence prevention, the evidence: Series of briefings on violence prevention. Geneva: WHO Press; 2010.
10. United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (2016). UNICEF Data: Monitoring the Situations of Children and Women. [cited 2016 June 18]. Available from http:// data.unicef.org/childprotection/violent-discipline.html.
11. Eccles J S. The development of children ages 6 to 14. eJournal of The International Child and Youth Care Network. 2007; 106 ISSN 1605-7406.
12. Espelage D L. Bullying in early adolescence: The role of the peer group. ERIC Digest. Champaign, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED471912); 2002.
13. Ruffin N. Adolescent growth and development; Virginia State University; 2009. [cited 2017 April 10]. Available from: URL http://www.nvc.vt.edu/mft/mft2_files/ huebner/Adolescent_Growth_and_Development.pdf
14. Tremblay RE. Prevention of youth violence: Why not start at the beginning? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2006; 34: 481-487. doi:10.1007/s10802-006-90.
15. Kim S, Orpinas P, Kamphaus R, Kelder SH. A Multiple risk factors model of the development of aggression among early adolescents from urban disadvantaged neighborhoods. School Psychology Quarterly. 2011; 26 (3): 215 - 230.
16. Chen X, Wu H, Chen H, Wang L, Cen G. Parenting practices and aggressive behavior in Chinese children. Parenting: Science and Practice. 2001; 1 (3):159-184.
17. Silpasuwan P, Upalabat S, Viwatwongkasem C, Boonyamalik P, Sujirarat D. Violence recidivism among Thai juvenile delinquents. Asia Journal of Public Health. 2011; 2: 13-19.
18. Dusitkul C, Wattanaburanon A. The effects of physical education activity management by using group dynamic games on aggressive behaviors of elementary school students. Online Journal of Education. 2012; 7(1): 1057 - 1071.
19. Limpaiboon C, Kalampakorn S, Pichayapinyo P. Effect of prevention program on aggressive behavior of early adolescents. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand. 2011; 19(3): 160-170.
20. Naseria A, Babakhanib N. The effect of life skills training on physical and verbal aggression male delinquent adolescents marginalized in Karaj. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 116: 4875 - 4879.
21. Brouwer J J. Corporal punishment, the theory of planned behavior, and changing intentions for future parenting techniques. [dissertation]. Ohio: The University of Toledo, United States; 2010.
22. Cefai J, Smith D, Pushak, R E. Parenting wisely: Parent training via CD - ROM with Australian sample. Child & Family Behavior Therapy. 2010; 32(1): 17 - 33.
23. Haggerty K P., McGlynn-Wright A., Klima T. Promising parenting programs for reducing adolescent problem behaviors. J Child Serv. 2013; 8(4): 1-17.
24. Rodriguez ML, Dumont K, Mitchell-Herzfeld SD, Walden NJ, Greene R. Effects of healthy families New York on the promotion of maternal parenting competencies and the prevention of harsh parenting. Child Abuse and Neglect. 2010; 34:711-723.
25. Sigmarsdottir M, Degarmo D S, Forgatch M S, Gudmundsdottir E V. Treatment effectiveness of PMTO for children’s behavior problems in Icelandic: Assessing parenting practices in a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2013; 54: 468 - 476.
26. Dehghanpour S, Barmas H, Kiamanesh A. Effect of selffocused parenting on aggressive and stubborn behaviors in six year-old children in Yazd. European Journal of Experimental Biology 2013; 3(2):306 -309.
27. Kummabutr J, Phuphaibul R, Suwonnaroop N, Villarruel A M, Nityasuddhi D. The effect of a parent training program, in conjunction with a life skills training program for school-age children, on children’s life skills, and parents’ child-rearing skills and perceptions of support for child life skills development. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research. 2013; 17(1):3-7.
28. Fettig A, Ostrosky M M. Collaborating with parents in reducing children’s challenging behaviors: Linking functional assessment to intervention. Child Development Research. 2011; 1-10.
29. Burdick C L. Merits, limitations, and modifications of applying Bandura’s social learning theory to understanding African American children’s exposure to violence. American International Journal of Social Science. 2014; 3(5):183-190.
30. McLeod S A . Bandura social learning theory. Simply Psychology 2016. [cited 2017 February 2]. Available from: http://www.simplypsycology.org/bandura
31. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behaviour. organizational behavior and human decision processes. 1991; 50:179211.
32. Thongpan A. A comparison of group counselling effect between client-centered therapy and behavioral therapy on decreasing Prathomsuksa 6 students’ aggressive behaviors.[thesis]. Mahasarakham: Mahasarakham University; 2011.
33. Wiggins T L, Sofronoff K, Sanders M R. (2009). Pathways Triple P-positive parenting program: Effects on parent-child relationships and child behavior problems. Family Process. 2009; 48(4): 517-530.
34. Frison L, Pocock SJ. Repeated measures in clinical trials: Analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design. Statistics in Medicine. 1992; 11:1685 – 1704.
35. Lavigne J V, LeBailly S A, Gouze K R, Binns H J, Keller J, Pate L. Predictors and correlates of completing behavioral parent training for the treatment of oppositional defiant disorder in pediatric primary care. Behavior Therapy. 2010; 41(2): 198 - 211.
36. Sedlar A. Parental aggression - related beliefs and behaviors as predictors of their children’s aggression related beliefs and behaviors. [thesis]. Graduate College of Bowling Green State University; 2015.
37. Finigan-Carr NM, Cheng T L, Gielen A, Haynie D L, Simons-Morton B. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict aggression and weapons carrying in urban African American early adolescent youth. Health Education & Behavior. 2015; 42(2): 220 - 230.
38. Roostai S M, Rakhshani F, Ramezankhani A, Soori H. Effect of education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on preventive behaviors of aggression. Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention. 2016; 4(1): 1-9.
39. Caldwell C H, Rafferty J, Reischl T M, Loney E D, Brooks CL. Enhancing parenting skills among nonresident African American fathers as a strategy for preventing youth risky behaviors. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2010; 45: 47 - 35.
40. Moylan C A, Herrenkohl T I, Sousa C, Tajima E A, Herrenkohl R C, Russo M J. The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Family Violence. 2010; 25(1):53-63.
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2018-09-28
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Bhusiri P, Phuphaibul R, Suwonnaroop N, Viwatwongkasem C. Effects of Parenting Skills Training Program for Aggressive Behavior Reduction among School-aged Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2018 Sep. 28 [cited 2024 Dec. 19];22(4):332-46. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/82169
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