A Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhancing Positive Aspects of Caregiving in Thai Dementia Caregivers for Dementia
Keywords:
Dementia, Caregivers, Caregiving, Caregiving enhancement, Older persons, Thailand, Randomized controlled trialAbstract
Strengthening the positive aspects of caregiving for dementia caregivers is necessary to minimize their burden. This Thai study examined the effectiveness of a program for enhancing positive aspects of caregiving and subjective well-being among caregivers of older persons with dementia. Seventy two participants were randomly assigned equally into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the Program for Enhancing the Positive Aspects of Caregiving while the control group received usual care. The experimental program consisted of caregiving self-efficacy enhancement, exploring spirituality, and increasing perceived social support. Data were collected using the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Questionnaire and the Thai General Well-being Schedule and analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the one-way and two-way repeated measure ANOVA.
Results showed that the program could significantly increase positive aspects of caregiving among the caregivers at 8, 12 and 20 weeks after program implementation. The program could also significantly increase the subjective well-being of the experimental group at all points of measurement. Results of this study suggest that nurses can apply this program to enhance positive aspects of caregiving and subjective well-being for caregivers of older persons with dementia, however further testing of the program is required.
References
1. World Health Organization [internet]. Dementia: a public health priority; C2015 [cited 2016 October 10]. Available from: http: //www.who.int/about/licensing/ copyright_form/en/index.html
2. National Health Examination Survey Office [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 March 3]. Available from: https://www. hiso.or.th/hiso/report/sreport.php
3. Dupuis SL, Epp T, Smale B. Caregiver of person with dementia : roles, experience, supports and coping. Ontorio: MAREP; 2004.
4. Kramer BJ. Gain in the caregiving experience: Where are we? What next?. The Gerontologist.1997; 32: 218–232.
5. Cheng ST, Chan CW, Lam CW. Short-term Effects of a gain-focused reappraisal intervention for dementia caregivers: A double-blind cluster-randomized controlled trial. American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016; 24: 740-750.
6. Cheung KSL, Lau BHP, Wong PWC, Leung AYM, Lou VWQ, Chan GMY, et al. Multicomponent intervention on enhancing dementia caregiver well-being and reducing behavioral problems among Hong Kong Chinese: A translational study based on REACH II. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2014; 30(5): 460-469.
7. Cheng ST, Lam CCW, Kwok T, Natalie NSS, Fung AWT. Self-efficacy is associated with less burden and more gains from behavioral problems of Alzheimer’s disease in Hong Kong Chinese caregivers. The Gerontologist. 2013; 1–10.
8. Donovan ML, Corcoran MA. Description of dementia caregiver uplifts and implications for occupational therapy. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2014; 64(4): 590–595. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2010.09064.
9. Cheng ST, Emily PM, Rosanna WL, Lau, Natalie SS, Linda CW, et al. Voices of Alzheimer caregivers on positive aspects of caregiving. The Gerontologist. 2016; 56(3): 451-460.
10. Farran CJ, Keane-Hagerty E, Salloway S, Kupferer S, Wilken CS. Finding meaning: An alternative paradigm for Alzheimer’s disease caregivers. The Gerontologist. 1991; 31: 483-489.
11. Grey RS , Hahn L , Thapsuwan S, Thongcharoenchupong N. Strength and stress : positive and negative impacts on caregivers for older adults in Thailand. Australasian Journal on Ageing. 2016; 35(2): 7–12.
12. Tarlow BJ, Wisniewski SR, Belle SH, Rubert M, Ory MG, Gallagher-Thompson D. Positive aspects of caregiving: contributions of the REACH project to the development of new measures for Alzheimer’s caregiving. Research on Aging. 2004; 26: 429–453.
13. Steffen AM, McKibbin C, Zeiss AM, Gallagher- Thompson D, Bandura A. The revised scale for caregiving self-efficacy: reliability and validity studies. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2002; 57B: 74–86.
14. Hodge DH, Sun F. Positive feelings of caregiving among Latino Alzheimer’s family caregivers: understanding the role of spirituality. Aging & Mental Health. 2012; 16(6): 689–698.
15. Lopez J, Lopez-Arrieta J, Crespo M. Factors associated with the positive impact of caring for elderly and dependent relatives. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatric. 2005; 41: 81-94.
16. Parveen S, Morrison V, Robinson CA. Does coping mediate the relationship between familism and caregiver outcomes? Aging & Mental Health. 2014; 18(2): 255-259.
17. Liu HY, Huang HY. The relationship between family functioning and caregiving appraisal of dementia family caregivers: caregiving self-efficacy as a mediator. Aging & Mental Health. 2016; doi: 10.1080/1360 7863. 2016.1269148 [Accessed 2 August 2017].
18. Lopez J, Romero-Moreno R, Marquez-González M, Losada A. Spirituality and self-efficacy in dementia family caregiving: trust in God and in yourself. International Psychogeriatrics. 2012; 24(12): 1943–1952.
19. Morano CL, King D. Religiosity as a mediator of caregiver well-being: Does ethnicity make a difference?. Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 2005; 5(1/2): 69-84.
20. Au A, Lai MK, Lau KM, Pan PC, Lam L, Thompson L, et al. Social support and well-being in dementia family caregivers: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Aging & Mental Health. 2009; 15(5): 761–768.
21. Chien LY, Chu H, Guo JL, Liao YM, Chang LI, Chen CH, et al. Caregiver support groups in patients with dementia: a meta-analysis. International Journal Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011; 26: 1089-1098.
22. Hilgeman MM, Allen RS, DeCoster J, Burgio LD. Positive aspects of caregiving as a moderator of treatment outcome over 12 months. Psychology and Aging. 2007; 22: 361–371.
23. Bolier L, Haverman M, Westerhof GJ, Riper H, Smit F, Bohlmeijer E. Positive psychology interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13(119): 1471-2458.
24. Institute of Geriatric Medicine. Mini-Mental State Examination-Thai 2002. Thailand: Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health; 2002.
25. Dupuy HJ. The general well-being schedule. In: I.McDowell and C. Newell, editors. A measuring health: A guide to rating scales and questionnaires. New York: Oxford University Press; 1977. 125-133.
26. Hanucharurnkul S, Intarasombut P, Putwatana P. Daily hassles, Sense of coherence, general well-being among nursing faculty members of university. Journal of Nursing. 1989; 38(3): 169-190. [in Thai].
27. Chenoweth L, Stein-Parbury J, White D, McNeill G, Jeon YH, Zaratan B. Coaching in self-efficacy improves care responses, health and well-being in dementia carers: a pre/post-test/follow-up study. BMC Health Services Research. 2016; 16:1-16.
28. Hi-Po Lau B, Cheng C. Gratitude and coping among familial caregivers of persons with dementia. Aging & Mental Health. 2017; 21(4): 445-453.
29. HEO GJ. Religious coping, Positive aspects of caregiving, and social support among Alzheimer’s disease caregivers. Clinical Gerontologist. 2014; 37: 368–385.
30. Lambert NM, Fincham FD, Stillman TF. Gratitude and depressive symptoms: The role of positive reframing and positive emotion. Cognition and emotion. 2012; 1-19.
31. Senanarong V, Harnphadungkit K, Poungvarin N, Vannasaeng S, Chongwisal S, Chakorn T, et al. The dementia and disability project in Thai elderly: rational, design, methodology and early results. BMC Neurology. 2013; 13(3): Available from: doi: 10.1186/1471- 2377-13-3 [Accessed 24 August 2017].
32. Cheng ST, Lau RWL, Mak EPM, Ng NSS, Lam LCW, Fung HH. Benefit-finding and effect on caregiver depression: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2017; 85(5): 521-529.
2. National Health Examination Survey Office [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 March 3]. Available from: https://www. hiso.or.th/hiso/report/sreport.php
3. Dupuis SL, Epp T, Smale B. Caregiver of person with dementia : roles, experience, supports and coping. Ontorio: MAREP; 2004.
4. Kramer BJ. Gain in the caregiving experience: Where are we? What next?. The Gerontologist.1997; 32: 218–232.
5. Cheng ST, Chan CW, Lam CW. Short-term Effects of a gain-focused reappraisal intervention for dementia caregivers: A double-blind cluster-randomized controlled trial. American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016; 24: 740-750.
6. Cheung KSL, Lau BHP, Wong PWC, Leung AYM, Lou VWQ, Chan GMY, et al. Multicomponent intervention on enhancing dementia caregiver well-being and reducing behavioral problems among Hong Kong Chinese: A translational study based on REACH II. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2014; 30(5): 460-469.
7. Cheng ST, Lam CCW, Kwok T, Natalie NSS, Fung AWT. Self-efficacy is associated with less burden and more gains from behavioral problems of Alzheimer’s disease in Hong Kong Chinese caregivers. The Gerontologist. 2013; 1–10.
8. Donovan ML, Corcoran MA. Description of dementia caregiver uplifts and implications for occupational therapy. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2014; 64(4): 590–595. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2010.09064.
9. Cheng ST, Emily PM, Rosanna WL, Lau, Natalie SS, Linda CW, et al. Voices of Alzheimer caregivers on positive aspects of caregiving. The Gerontologist. 2016; 56(3): 451-460.
10. Farran CJ, Keane-Hagerty E, Salloway S, Kupferer S, Wilken CS. Finding meaning: An alternative paradigm for Alzheimer’s disease caregivers. The Gerontologist. 1991; 31: 483-489.
11. Grey RS , Hahn L , Thapsuwan S, Thongcharoenchupong N. Strength and stress : positive and negative impacts on caregivers for older adults in Thailand. Australasian Journal on Ageing. 2016; 35(2): 7–12.
12. Tarlow BJ, Wisniewski SR, Belle SH, Rubert M, Ory MG, Gallagher-Thompson D. Positive aspects of caregiving: contributions of the REACH project to the development of new measures for Alzheimer’s caregiving. Research on Aging. 2004; 26: 429–453.
13. Steffen AM, McKibbin C, Zeiss AM, Gallagher- Thompson D, Bandura A. The revised scale for caregiving self-efficacy: reliability and validity studies. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2002; 57B: 74–86.
14. Hodge DH, Sun F. Positive feelings of caregiving among Latino Alzheimer’s family caregivers: understanding the role of spirituality. Aging & Mental Health. 2012; 16(6): 689–698.
15. Lopez J, Lopez-Arrieta J, Crespo M. Factors associated with the positive impact of caring for elderly and dependent relatives. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatric. 2005; 41: 81-94.
16. Parveen S, Morrison V, Robinson CA. Does coping mediate the relationship between familism and caregiver outcomes? Aging & Mental Health. 2014; 18(2): 255-259.
17. Liu HY, Huang HY. The relationship between family functioning and caregiving appraisal of dementia family caregivers: caregiving self-efficacy as a mediator. Aging & Mental Health. 2016; doi: 10.1080/1360 7863. 2016.1269148 [Accessed 2 August 2017].
18. Lopez J, Romero-Moreno R, Marquez-González M, Losada A. Spirituality and self-efficacy in dementia family caregiving: trust in God and in yourself. International Psychogeriatrics. 2012; 24(12): 1943–1952.
19. Morano CL, King D. Religiosity as a mediator of caregiver well-being: Does ethnicity make a difference?. Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 2005; 5(1/2): 69-84.
20. Au A, Lai MK, Lau KM, Pan PC, Lam L, Thompson L, et al. Social support and well-being in dementia family caregivers: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Aging & Mental Health. 2009; 15(5): 761–768.
21. Chien LY, Chu H, Guo JL, Liao YM, Chang LI, Chen CH, et al. Caregiver support groups in patients with dementia: a meta-analysis. International Journal Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011; 26: 1089-1098.
22. Hilgeman MM, Allen RS, DeCoster J, Burgio LD. Positive aspects of caregiving as a moderator of treatment outcome over 12 months. Psychology and Aging. 2007; 22: 361–371.
23. Bolier L, Haverman M, Westerhof GJ, Riper H, Smit F, Bohlmeijer E. Positive psychology interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13(119): 1471-2458.
24. Institute of Geriatric Medicine. Mini-Mental State Examination-Thai 2002. Thailand: Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health; 2002.
25. Dupuy HJ. The general well-being schedule. In: I.McDowell and C. Newell, editors. A measuring health: A guide to rating scales and questionnaires. New York: Oxford University Press; 1977. 125-133.
26. Hanucharurnkul S, Intarasombut P, Putwatana P. Daily hassles, Sense of coherence, general well-being among nursing faculty members of university. Journal of Nursing. 1989; 38(3): 169-190. [in Thai].
27. Chenoweth L, Stein-Parbury J, White D, McNeill G, Jeon YH, Zaratan B. Coaching in self-efficacy improves care responses, health and well-being in dementia carers: a pre/post-test/follow-up study. BMC Health Services Research. 2016; 16:1-16.
28. Hi-Po Lau B, Cheng C. Gratitude and coping among familial caregivers of persons with dementia. Aging & Mental Health. 2017; 21(4): 445-453.
29. HEO GJ. Religious coping, Positive aspects of caregiving, and social support among Alzheimer’s disease caregivers. Clinical Gerontologist. 2014; 37: 368–385.
30. Lambert NM, Fincham FD, Stillman TF. Gratitude and depressive symptoms: The role of positive reframing and positive emotion. Cognition and emotion. 2012; 1-19.
31. Senanarong V, Harnphadungkit K, Poungvarin N, Vannasaeng S, Chongwisal S, Chakorn T, et al. The dementia and disability project in Thai elderly: rational, design, methodology and early results. BMC Neurology. 2013; 13(3): Available from: doi: 10.1186/1471- 2377-13-3 [Accessed 24 August 2017].
32. Cheng ST, Lau RWL, Mak EPM, Ng NSS, Lam LCW, Fung HH. Benefit-finding and effect on caregiver depression: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2017; 85(5): 521-529.
Downloads
Published
2018-03-13
How to Cite
1.
Pankong O, Pothiban L, Sucamvang K, Khampolsiri T. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhancing Positive Aspects of Caregiving in Thai Dementia Caregivers for Dementia. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2018 Mar. 13 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];22(2):131-43. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/86178
Issue
Section
Original paper
License
Copyright: The Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, Thailand Nursing & Midwifery Council has exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
.png)
