The Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy Promotion Program on Diabetes Control Behaviors among the Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

          This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effects of a self-efficacy promotion program on diabetes control behaviors among type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control. The sample consisted of 54 patients receiving treatment at the diabetes clinic, outpatient department, of a tertiary hospital in Suphanburi Province, selected according to inclusion criteria. The self-efficacy promotion program applied Self-efficacy Theory (Bandura, 1997). The experimental group received routine nursing care combined with knowledge provision, activities, and telephone follow-up, while the control group received routine care for 8 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and t-test statistics.

           The research findings showed that the majority of the sample were female, aged 35-65 years (66.67%), married, educated at secondary school level or higher, with monthly income exceeding 5,000 baht per month, diabetes duration of more than 5 years, HbA1c levels between 7-8.50%, taking oral medication, mostly engaging in exercise, and having Class 1 obesity with BMI 25-29.9. The experimental group showed significantly higher mean scores for diabetes control behaviors compared to before receiving the program and significantly higher than the control group (p < .001). The experimental group also had significantly lower mean HbA1c levels compared to the control group after participating in the self-efficacy promotion program (9.48 ±1.85 vs. 6.70 ±0.59; p<0.001).

           This study demonstrates that the self-efficacy promotion program can be implemented in hospital diabetes patient care to enable patients to properly self-manage their disease and achieve reduced mean HbA1c levels.