The Effectiveness of A DASH Diet Promotion Program Combined with Self-Efficacy Theory to Prevent Hypertension among Working Adults in Nakhon Nayok Province

Abstract

              This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a DASH diet promotion program combined with self-efficacy theory to prevent hypertension among working adults in Nakhon Nayok Province. The sample consisted of 74 participants aged 35–59 years who were screened as being at risk for hypertension, with blood pressure levels in the range of 130–139/80–89 (mmHg). Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a comparison group (37 each). The intervention lasted four weeks. Data collection tools included a general information questionnaire, self-efficacy and outcome expectation scales related to hypertension prevention behaviors, a behavior assessment scale, and a blood pressure record form. Data analysis was performed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics comprised frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were conducted using paired sample t-test and independent t-test.
              The results showed that after participating in the program, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scores in self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and hypertension prevention behaviors compared to the comparison group (p < .05). Furthermore, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the comparison group after the intervention (p < .05).
              The research findings suggest that the program should be implemented to modify dietary behaviors and reduce blood pressure levels in individuals at risk for hypertension. The program's dietary component, which is based on the self-efficacy theory, may need to be adapted to fit the specific context and lifestyles of at-risk populations living in other areas.