System and mechanism development of non-smoking campus and designated smoking areas enable to well-being and safe learning in a university

Abstract

This mixed-method research aimed to study participation in the establishment of smoke-free and smoking zone mechanisms in higher educational institutions that facilitate health and safe learning. The researchwas conducted in two ph ases. Phase 1 analyzed the process, the problems and obstacles in establishing the mechanisms by using qualitative approach (n=30). Phase 2 studied the participation of personnel and students by using quantitative research (n=688). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that 61.07 percent of the sample were male. The problems and obstacles were as follows: 1) gaps in enforcement and participation, 2) lack of clear guidelines, 3) lack of awareness of the impact of cigarettes on their own and others' health and 4) information on smoke-free zones has not yet reached the target group. Sixty percent of the participants agreed that smoke-free and smoking zones should had been established in institutions and participation in the development of the mechanisms should be encouraged. The overall perception score was at a moderate level (M = 2.834, SD = 0.963). This study revealed five key aspects of the smoke-free mechanism including 1) policy and management, 2) communication and campaigning, 3) student and personnel participation, 4) area management, and 5) follow-up.