การดูแลภาวะเยื่อเมือกช่องปากอักเสบจากการรักษาโรคมะเร็งในเด็ก
คำสำคัญ:
เยื่อเมือกช่องปากอักเสบ, การดูแลสุขภาพช่องปาก , มะเร็งในเด็ก , ผลข้างเคียงจากการรักษาโรคมะเร็งบทคัดย่อ
ภาวะเยื่อเมือกช่องปากอักเสบ (Oral Mucositis; OM) เป็นผลข้างเคียงพบได้บ่อยในผู้ป่วยเด็กที่ได้รับเคมีบำบัดและรังสีรักษาบริเวณศีรษะและลำคอ ส่งผลให้เกิดแผลอักเสบในช่องปากและลำคอ ก่อให้เกิดความเจ็บปวด อาการไม่สบาย รบกวนการรับประทาน และการนอนหลับ ทำให้คุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยลดลง และสร้างความกังวลทั้งต่อผู้ป่วยและผู้ดูแล จากการทบทวนวรรณกรรม พบว่า การดูแลภาวะ OM ในปัจจุบัน มุ่งเน้นการส่งเสริมดูแลสุขภาพช่องปากเป็นหลัก ร่วมกับการใช้วิธีต่าง ๆ เพื่อป้องกันและบรรเทาอาการ โดยพบว่า การบำบัดด้วยความเย็น เลเซอร์พลังงานต่ำพาลิเฟอร์มิน และน้ำผึ้ง มีประสิทธิภาพในการลดภาวะ OM ในขณะที่วิธีอื่น เช่น กลูตามีน เบนซิดามีน วิตามินอี สังกะสี กาวผึ้ง และน้ำมันมะกอก ยังจำเป็นต้องมีการศึกษาวิจัยเพิ่มเติมโดยเฉพาะในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยเด็ก ทั้งนี้ ไม่แนะนำให้ใช้คลอร์เฮกซิดีน และซูคราลเฟต ในการป้องกันภาวะ OM
ดังนั้น การจัดการที่เหมาะสมและการป้องกันภาวะ OM โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยที่มีความเสี่ยงสูง การให้ความรู้แก่ผู้ป่วยและผู้ดูแล รวมถึงการส่งเสริมสุขภาพช่องปาก ส่งเสริมโภชนาการ และการให้กำลังใจ จึงมีความสำคัญในการลดอุบัติการณ์และความรุนแรงของ OM ขณะเข้ารับการรักษา และส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดีให้ผู้ป่วย
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