Determination of Glycemic Index of RD43 Rice and Thai Hom Mali Rice and Effects on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses in Healthy Participants:  A Crossover Study

Kanokporn Sanpawithayakul; ณัฐพล  แก้วประเสริฐ; Pichaya  Tantiyavarong; ศานิต  วิชานศวกุล; ทิพาพร  ธาระวานิช

Authors

Kanokporn Sanpawithayakul -
ณัฐพล แก้วประเสริฐ Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University
Pichaya Tantiyavarong Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University
ศานิต วิชานศวกุล คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
ทิพาพร ธาระวานิช Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University

Keywords:

RD43 rice, postprandial, glycemic response

Abstract

Background: A large portion of the world, particularly in Asia, relies on rice as a staple diet. This kind of cereal grain contains numerous nutritional components including carbohydrates, proteins, certain fatty acids, and micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the glycemic index (GI) of and “RD43” rice and Thai Hom Mali (THM) rice in healthy subjects, and also the postprandial glycemic and insulin responses after consumption.

Method: In a single-sequence, open-label, 3-period, crossover study, each participant orderly received RD43 rice, THM rice and glucose solution which were separated by 1-week washout. Each test meal provided 50 g of available carbohydrates, corresponding to approximately 150 g of cooked rice. Blood collections were taken in the fasting state and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after consumption.

Results: Sixteen healthy participants (5 men and 11 women) completed the study. After excluding subjects whose GI values fell outside the range of mean ± 2SD, data from the remaining 11 participants were analyzed. Consumption of RD43 rice resulted in significantly lower postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels from 30 minutes after eating throughout the 120-minute test when compared to THM rice. In comparison with 50 g of glucose, as a reference, the GI of RD43 and THM rice was 56.9 ± 11.3 and 80.1 ± 15.8 respectively. RD43 group resulted in a 28.8% lower glycemic area under the curve (AUC) response than THM rice (p < 0.05). The insulinemic response to RD43 rice was 19.1% lower than THM rice, though this difference did not reach statistical significance (p =0.19).

Conclusion: The results indicate that RD43 has a lower GI and can be an option for rice which reduced glycemic response in healthy subjects. (TCTR20210524005)

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