Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease at a General Hospital
Keywords:
Dry eye prevalence, Thai population, Hospital-based survey, Risk factorAbstract
Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye syndrome in a hospital-based Thai population.
Background: Dry Eye Syndrome is a common and often chronic condition. Although, the symptoms are not in
themselves life-threatening, they adversely affect the daily lives of all age groups around the world by decreasing the
quality of sight. The prevalence of dry eye varies according to population, age, country, and diagnostic criteria. Until
now, there has only been limited data on the prevalence of dry eye across Thailand, none of which has included any
data reported from in Chonburi province in eastern Thailand, 120-kilometers away from Bangkok.
Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Materials and Methods: New patients of the Outpatient Department at Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital
(QSMH), Chonburi, Thailand in September 2021 were each given a two-part questionnaire. The first part gathered data
on demographic characteristics and health determinants, while the second part collected data on dry eye symptoms and
severity, with each respondent able to indicate their condition according to the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).
Reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha, and the result was 0.91.
The potential risk factors for dry eye disease were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. The outcomes
were analyzed to determine the prevalence of dry eye disease and an association was determined by the adjusted odd
ratio (OR) at the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) from binary logistic regression analysis.
Results: The participants were aged 18 – 85 years old (mean ± SD, 47.3 ± 13.3 ), with 65.8% being female. Out
of 202 subjects, 116 subjects (57.4%) had dry eye disease. The significant risk factors of dry eye disease included history
of pterygium - pinguecula (OR(95%CI) = 2.91(1.20 – 7.01)), female (OR(95%CI) = 2.09(1.14 - 3.83)), and symptoms
of dry mouth (OR(95%CI) = 2.09(1.02 – 4.26)).
Conclusion: The prevalence of dry eye disease among Outpatient Department patients at QSMH was 57.4%.
The risk factors of dry eye disease were history of pterygium-pinguecula, being female, and exhibiting symptoms of
dry mouth.
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