Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection.
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Published:
Sep 20, 2016
Keywords:
chronic hepatitis C, extrahepatic manifestation
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Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C infection is one of the most important causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Thailand and worldwide. Hepatitis C virus causes liver inflammation and fibrosis, and may involve other systems such as the kidney and hematological system. The combination of Pegylated interferon and ribavirin is the current standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection in Thailand. The treatment has significant side effects, a long duration of treatment, is contraindicated in poor liver function and needs frequent monitoring. The new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment, with and without interferon and ribavirin, produces results in higher response rates, shorter treatment duration and less side effects. These will lead to the new era of hepatitis C treatment and eradication.
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1.
Intaraprasong P, Mahachai V, Vilaichone R- korn. Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. BKK Med J [Internet]. 2016 Sep. 20 [cited 2024 Apr. 19];12(1):105. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/bkkmedj/article/view/221582
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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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3. Suwanagool S, Tieangrim S, Ratanasuwan W, et al. Sero- prevalence of anti-HCV among HIV-infected persons and general population. J Med Assoc Thai 1995;78(11):611-7.
4. Lingala S, Ghany MG. Natural History of Hepatitis C. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2015;44(4):717-34.
5. Grebely J, Raffa JD, Lai C, et al. Factors associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus among illicit drug users. Can J Gastroenterol 2007; 21(7): 447-51.
6. Fattovich G, Giustina G, Degos F, et al. Morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type C: a retrospective follow-up study of 384 patients. Gastroenterology 1997;112(2):463-72.
7. Vigano M, Colombo M. Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2015;44 (4):775-91.
8. Negro F, Forton D, Craxi A, et al. Extrahepatic morbidity and mortality of chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2015;149(6):1345-60.
9. Kawamura Y, Ikeda K, Arase Y, et al. Viral elimination reduces incidence of malignant lymphoma in patients with hepatitis C. Am J Med 2007;120(12):1034-41.
10. Ozkok A, Yildiz A. Hepatitis C virus associated glome-rulopathies. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20(24):7544-54.
11. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO). KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2008;(109): S1-99.
12. Messina JP, Humphreys I, Flaxman A, et al. Global distri- bution and prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology 2015;61(1):77-87.
13. Apichartpiyakul C, Apichartpiyakul N, Urwijitaroon Y, et al. Seroprevalence and subtype distribution of hepatitis C virus among blood donors and intravenous drug users in northern/northeastern Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 1999; 52(3):121-3.
14. Swain MG, Lai MY, Shiffman ML, et al. A sustained vi- rologic response is durable in patients with chronic hepa- titis C treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. Gastroenterology 2010;139(5):1593-601.
15. Darling JM, Lemon SM, Fried MW. Part V: Viral Hepati- tis; Hepatitis C. In: Schiff ER, Maddrey WC, Sorrell MF, editors. Schiff’s Disease of the Liver, 11th edition 2011:582-652.
16. Tillmann HL, McHutchison JG. Hepatitis C. In: Boyer TD, Manns MP, Sanyal AJ, editors. Zakim&Boyer’s Hep- atology: A Textbook of Liver Disease, 6th edition. 2012; Chapter31:564-98.
17. Fried MW, Hadziyannis SJ, Shiffman ML, et al. Rapid virological response is the most important predictor of sustained virological response across genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 2011;55(1):69-75.
18. Majumdar A, Kitson MT, Roberts SK. Systematic review: current concepts and challenges for the direct-acting antiviral era in hepatitis C cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;43(12):1276-92.
19. Gotte M, Feld JJ. Direct-acting antiviral agents for hepati- tis C: structural and mechanistic insights. Nat Rev Gastro- enterol Hepatol 2016;13(6):338-51.
20. Manns MP, Cornberg M. Sofosbuvir: the final nail in the coffin for hepatitis C? Lancet Infect Dis 2013;13(5): 378-9.
21. Zeuzem S, Dusheiko GM, Salupere R, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in HCV genotypes 2 and 3. N Engl J Med 2014;370(21):1993-2001.
22. Jacobson IM, Gordon SC, Kowdley KV, et al. Sofosbuvir for hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 in patients without treat- ment options. N Engl J Med 2013;368(20):1867-77.
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24. Afdhal N, Zeuzem S, Kwo P, et al. Ledipasvir and sofos- buvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 2014;370(20):1889-98.
25. Charlton M, Everson GT, Flamm SL, et al. Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir Plus Ribavirin for Treatment of HCV Infection in Patients With Advanced Liver Disease. Gas- troenterology 2015;149(3):649-59.
26. Nelson DR, Cooper JN, Lalezari JP, et al. All-oral 12- week treatment with daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection: ALLY-3 phase III study. Hepatology 2015;61(4):1127-35.
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28. Curry MP, Forns X, Chung RT, et al. Sofosbuvir and riba- virin prevent recurrence of HCV infection after liver transplantation: an open-label study. Gastroenterology 2015;148(1):100-7.