Effects of Arm Swing Exercise Program on HbA1c and Nutritional Status in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Community

Main Article Content

Jenjira Wanna, RN,MNS
Sangthong Terathongkum, RN,PhD,Dip.ACNP
Varaporn Thipsuwannakool, RN,PhD

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This experimental research design randomized two groups pre- andpost- test, aimed at examining the effects of arm swing exercise program on hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) and nutritional status in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants from Sub-district Health PromotingHospital were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group with 22participants receiving arm swing exercise program for 12 weeks and a control groupwith 21 participants receiving routine nursing care. Data collection was done beforeand after the intervention using a demographic and a perceived self-efficacy in exercisequestionnaire, HbA1c, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). The data wereanalyzed by using descriptive statistics, Paired t-test and Independent t-test.

RESULTS: The findings showed that after the arm swing exercise program, theexperimental group had significantly lower average of HbA1c, waist circumference andBMI compared with before the program (p = 0.010, p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively).The experimental group also had lower average of HbA1c compared with the controlgroup (p = 0.013), but waist circumference and BMI were not significant.

CONCLUSION: The arm swing exercise program should be applied to adults withT2DM to control diabetes and its complications.

Article Details

How to Cite
1.
Wanna J, Terathongkum S, Thipsuwannakool V. Effects of Arm Swing Exercise Program on HbA1c and Nutritional Status in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Community. BKK Med J [Internet]. 2018 Feb. 20 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];14(1):23. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/bkkmedj/article/view/222242
Section
Original Article

References

1. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas: 7th. 2015. (Accessed July 20, 2017 at http://www.oedg.at/pdf/1606_IDF_Atlas_2015_UK.pdf).
2. Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Public Health Statistics AD. 2016. (Accessed July 20, 2017 at http://bps.moph.go.th/new_bps/sites/default/files/health_statistic2558.pdf ).
3. Aekplakorn W, editor. Report of the Fifth Thai National Health Survey by Physical Examination 2014. Nonthaburi: Health System Research Institute; 2016.
4. Office of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control. Annual Report 2015. Bangkok: Veterans of Royal Patronage; 2015.
5. Sulukananuruk C, Jaisanook W, Muktabhant B. Association of Depression and Stress with HbA1c level of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending the Diabetes Clinic of Nampong Hospital, Khon Kaen Province. Srinagarind Med J 2016;31(1):34-46.
6. American College of Endocrinology & American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan 2015. Endocr Pract 2015; 21(Suppl 1):S1-87.
7. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2017. Diabetes Care 2017;40 (Suppl 1):S11-99.
8. Tripeud K, Malathum P, Hanprasitkam K, et al. A synthesis of exercise influencing glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes. Rama Nurs J 2010;16(2):259-78.
9. Kaouar HM, Peronnet F, Massicotte D, et al. Gender difference in the metabolic response to prolonged exercise with glucose ingestion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 92:462-69.
10. Stanford K, Goodyear LJ. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: Molecular mechanisms regulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Adv Physiol Educ 2014;38(4):308-14.
11. Colberge SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 2010;33(12): 2692-6.
12. Saelao K, Kanungsukkasem V. Effects of arm swing exercise, walking and walking exercise combined with arm swing exercise on health-related physical fitness of the elderly women. J Sports Sci Health 2012;13(1):92-103.
13. Petchan O. The effect of arm swing exercise on maximal oxygen consumption in the elderly women [Thesis]. Bangkok: Kasetsart University; 2006.
14. Leelayuwat N, Tunkumnerdthai O, Donsom M, et al. An alternative exercise and its beneficial effects on glycaemic control and oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008;82(2): 5-8.
15. Tunkamnerdthai O, Auvichayapat P, Donsom M, et al. Improvement of pulmonary function with arm swing exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Phys Ther Sci 2015;27(3):649–54.
16. Leelayuwat N. Effects of arm exercise on metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. Khon Kaen: Khon Kaen University; 2006.
17. Kittipeerachol P, Asawachaisuwikrom W, Junprasert S. Effects of self-regulation program on arm swing exercise behavior and blood sugar of diabetes patients in community. The Journal of Faculty of Nursing Burapha University 2012;20(4):21-32.
18. Satukun V. The efficacy of integrated diabetic program on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patient. J Health Sci 2009;18(3):414-27.
19. Phonyiam R, Terathongkum S, Thungsarn S, et al. Effect of lifestyle modification program with arm swing exercise on health behavior, nutritional status and capillary blood sugar of person with pre-diabetes in the community. Bangkok Med J 2015;10:16-21.
20. Moreau A, Aroles V, Souweine G, et al. Patient versus general practitioner perception of problems with treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes: From adherence to concordance. Eur J Gen Pract 2009, 15(3):147-53.
21. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev 1977;84(2):191-215.
22. Rong Krachom Sub-district Health Promotion Hospital. Non-communicable Disease Statistics; 2015.
23. Bang Khu Rat Sub-district Health Promotion Hospital. Non-communicable Disease Statistics; 2015.
24. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007;39(2):175-91.
25. Wongsricha W. Application of Self-efficacy Program for changing health behaviors in diabetes high risk group at Nakae Community Hospital, Nakhonpanam Province (Thesis). Khon Kaen: Khon Kaen University 2011.