Psychosocial Therapy in Schizophrenic Patients with Depression
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Depression in schizophrenic patients is associated with a less favorable patient course and poorer outcomes compared to those without depression. The symptoms can occur at any stage of the disease, affecting both physical and mental health problems, and are also a significant risk factor for suicide. Therefore, recognizing the symptoms and identifying their causes is important and leads to early and appropriate treatment. Psychosocial therapy is one of the treatments that can reduce the severity of symptoms and their consequences. This article reviews the depressive symptoms of schizophrenia patients and psychosocial therapies of current depressive schizophrenia patients.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
References
1. Mulholland C, Cooper S. The symptom of depression in schizophrenia and its management. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 2000;6(3):169–77.
2. Allen NB. Cognitive therapy of depression. Aaron T Beck, A John Rush, Brian F Shaw, Gary Emery. New York: Guilford Press, 1979. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002;36(2):275-8.
3. Addington D, Addington J, Schissel B. A depression rating scale for schizophrenics. Schizophr Res. 1990;3(4):247-51.
4. Häfner H, Maurer K, Löffler W, et al. Modeling the early course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2003;29(2):325-40.
5. Baynes D, Mulholland C, Cooper SJ, et al. Depressive symptoms in stable chronic schizophrenia: prevalence and relationship to psychopathology and treatment. Schizophr Res. 2000 Sep 29;45(1-2):47-56.
6. Upthegrove R, Birchwood M, Ross K, et al. The evolution of depression and suicidality in first episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;122(3):211-8.
7. Green AI, Drake RE, Brunette MF, et al. Schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(3):402-8.
8. Mulholland C, Cooper S. The symptom of depression in schizophrenia and its management. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 2000;6(3):169-177.
9. Staring AB, Van der Gaag M, Van den Berge M, et al. Stigma moderates the associations of insight with depressed mood, low self-esteem, and low quality of life in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res. 2009;115(2-3):363-9.
10. Liddle PF, Barnes TR, Curson DA, et al. Depression and the experience of psychological deficits in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993;88(4):243-7.
11. Xu ZY, Zu S, Xiang YT, et al. Associations of self-esteem, dysfunctional beliefs and coping style with depression in patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary survey. Psychiatry Res. 2013;209(3):340-5.
12. Grover S, Sahoo S, Nehra R, et al. Relationship of depression with cognitive insight and socio-occupational outcome in patients with schizophrenia. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2017;63(3):181-94.
13. Misdrahi D, Denard S, Swendsen J, et al. Depression in schizophrenia: the influence of the different dimensions of insight. Psychiatry Res. 2014;216(1):12-6.
14. Sandhu A, Ives J, Birchwood M, et al. The subjective experience and phenomenology of depression following first episode psychosis: a qualitative study using photo-elicitation. J Affect Disord. 2013;149(1-3):166-74.
15. Majadas S, Olivares J, Galan J, et al. Prevalence of depression and its relationship with other clinical characteristics in a sample of patients with stable schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53(2):145-51.
16. Gozdzik-Zelazny A, Borecki L, Pokorski M. Depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Eur J Med Res. 2011;16(12):549-52.
17. Kao YC, Liu YP. Compliance and schizophrenia: the predictive potential of insight into illness, symptoms, and side effects. Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51(6):557-65.
18. Hausmann A, Fleischhacker WW. Differential diagnosis of depressed mood in patients with schizophrenia: a diagnostic algorithm based on a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;106(2):83-96.
19. Bell CC. DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder. JAMA. 1994;272(10):828–29.
20. Kaplan, BJ. Kaplan and sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie. 2016;58(1): 78-9.
21. Swanson JW, Swartz MS, Van Dorn RA. et al. A national study of violent behavior in persons with schizophrenia. Archives of general psychiatry. 2006;63(5):490–9.
22. Sarkhel S. Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th edition. Indian J Psychiatry. 2009;51(4):331.
23. King R. Cognitive therapy of depression. Aaon Beck, John Rush, Brian Shaw, Gary Emery. New York: Guilford, 1979. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002;36(2):272-5.
24. Turkington D, Kingdon D, Turner T; Insight into Schizophrenia Research Group. Effectiveness of a brief cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;180:523-7.
25. Jung M, Han K. Effectiveness of gratitude disposition promotion program on depression and quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients. Indian J Psychiatry. 2017;59(2):189-95
26. Ben-Zeev D, Buck B, Chu PV, et al. Transdiagnostic Mobile Health: Smartphone Intervention Reduces Depressive Symptoms in People with Mood and Psychotic Disorders. JMIR Ment Health. 2019;6(4):e13202.
27. Moritz S, Schröder J, Klein JP, et al. Effects of online intervention for depression on mood and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2016;175(1-3):216-22.