Comparison of The Effectiveness of Different Prototypes of Wrist Support in Prevention of Radial Hematoma and Bleeding After Transradial Coronary Angiography among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: A Retrospective Study
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the proportion of hematoma and bleeding occurrences between P1, P2, and P3 holding wrist supports as well as to evaluate the user satisfaction of P3 wearers among patients who underwent transradial access site procedures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is retrospective drawing on analytical data from Bangkok Hospital Chiang Mai medical records whose patients underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI); 136 cases were gathered between June 1, 2019 – December 31, 2021. The division of the samples into three groups was based on the duration of use for each device namely prototypes as follows: Wrist Supported Prototype 1 (P1) group, Wrist Supported Prototype 2 (P2) group, and Wrist Supported Prototype 3 (P3) group. The baseline characteristics were presented as frequency (%) and Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the difference in variables between the 3 groups. Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of hematoma and bleeding. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Patients undergoing PCI, 133 cases, who satisfied the criteria for eligibility were divided into 3 groups; 8 cases in P1 group, 80 cases in P2 group and 45 cases in P3 group. The findings on hematoma revealed 1 case (1.3%) among the P2 group and no hematoma among the P1 and P3 groups, respectively, 6 hours after the sheath was taken off. The number of cases of bleeding were discovered as follows: 2 cases (25.0%), 33 cases (41.2%) and 13 cases (28.9%) among P1, P2 and P3 groups, respectively, 6 hours after sheath was taken off. There were no significant differences on the proportion of bleeding among three groups (p = 0.307). The demographic data differences between the three groups were not statistically significant, except for dyslipidemia which was significantly different (p = 0.023). In this study, wrist support Prototype 3 users was 45 cases, and the overall patient satisfaction average score was 4.96 ± 0.23. The wrist support Prototype 3’s ease of use and patient satisfaction average scores were 5.00 at the highest possible level.
CONCLUSION: Wrist support is used for support and limited moving of the wrist after a patient has undergone PCI. P3 group had the highest satisfaction rating for wrist support among users. This study revealed that the differences in bleeding post-PCI between P1, P2 and P3 groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.307). The hematoma results were not deemed sufficient for statistical analysis.
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