Development of an Instrument Assessing Perceived Risk of Hypertension-related Complications
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Abstract
Purpose: To develop and evaluate psychometric properties of the perceived risks of hypertension-related complications tool for hypertensive older people.
Design: A methodological research was used to develop a tool. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data collection.
Methods: This study consisted of 3 phases, studying the framework, developing the tool and testing the quality of the tool. The subjects were hypertensive older adults who lived in Northern Thailand. Phase 1, 20 hypertensive older adults were involved in in-depth interviews and 10 registered nurses were involved in focus group. Data were analyzed by content analysis. Phase 2, item pool and content validity were performed; then, a pilot study was conducted with 30 subjects to check the reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Phase 3, reliability and item analysis of the tool were examined with 220 subjects.
Main findings: The final version of the perceived risks of hypertension-related complications tool has 19 items with 4-point Likert scale. The tool consists of 5 domains: 1) anxiety, 2) optimistic bias, 3) personal risk identification, 4) perceived severity of hypertension-related complications, and 5) perceived causes of personal risk for hypertension-related complications. The Item-Objective Congruency index was .95 and the internal consistency reliability using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .75.
Conclusion and recommendations: The result showed that the perceived risks of hypertension-related complications tool for hypertensive older people was reliable and had adequate validity to evaluate the perceived risk of hypertension-related complications among older people. It should be beneficial for researchers and health care providers in using this tool.
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