Cold Application on Injection Area for Pain Reduction from Intramuscular Tetanus Vaccine Injection
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background : Intramuscular injection of Tetanus vaccine can cause pain in patients. Cold application on injection area before vaccination may relief pain and may be used in patients because cold can increase pain threshold and can inhibit pain pathway.
Objective : To evaluate efficacy of cold application on injection area to relief pain from tetanus vaccination.
Material and method: A prospective randomized controlled trial in injection room of Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital. One hundred patients requiring tetanus vaccination were randomly assigned into 2 groups of 50 patients each: group 1, the study group, applied a cold pack gel to deltoid muscle center of patient’s shoulder before injection; and group 2 was the control. All patients were injection with 24G needle. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain score recording.
Results : The group 1 was found that the pain scores were significantly lower than the group 2. The mean of pain score immediately after tetanus vaccination were 1.4+1.08 and 2.4+1.13 for group 1 and group 2, respectively (p<0. 001).
Conclusion : Cold pack gel compression applied before injection was effective for reducing pain from tetanus vaccination.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพฺเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสาร
References
2. WHO model list of Essential Medicines. World Health Organization. October 2013.
3. Chokpaiboonkit K, Labpra K, Memkamullika J, Nakbunnum T, Tungsatapornpong A. Vaccines
and immunization. Bangkok: Bureau of communicable diseases, ministry of public health; 2013.
4. Bastami M, Arman A,Mayei M. The Use of Ice Pack for Pain Associated with Arterial Punctures. Journal of
clinical and diagnostic research; 2015.
5. Yackzan L, Adams C, Francis K. The effect of ice massage on delayed muscle soreness. Am J
Sports Med 1984;12:159-165.
6. Nethan C.Comparison of Pain Relief from Intravenous Canulation with Normal, Cold Compression and EMLA
methods. Journal of Health Science; 2016.
7. Panchamedithee N, Sangmanee W, Patcharat N. The effect of refrigerated cold pack compression in
minimizing pain among pediatric during receiving cloxacillin intravenous injection. Songkla Med J
2003;21(2):129-36.
8. Rattanaphon M, Piew I, Prassanee S, Sripan S, Wachitalak S. Cold application on injection area for pain
reduction from DTP and DTP-HB vaccination in children aged 0-5 years old. Chiangrai medical journal; 2016.
9. Gupta N,Upadhyay A, Dwivedi K, Agarwal A, Jaiswal V, Singh A. Randomized controlled trial of topical
EMLA and vapocoolant spray for reducing pain during wDPT vaccination. World Journal of Pediatrics
2017;13(3):236-41.
10. Nirawan P, Thanutorn W. Effect of cold pack and clinical nursing practice guidelines for Enoxaparin injection
on pain, ecchymosis and hematoma in the patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Chiangrai medical
journal 2011;3(1):65-71.