Nipple Characteristics between Teenage and Adult in Postpartum Period and Success in Breastfeeding at day 3 Postpartum
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Abstract
Objectives: To compare nipple length and diameter between teenage and adult mothers during early postpartum period and their association with success in breastfeeding at day 3 postpartum.
Materials and Methods: A total of 315 nulliparous women, who delivered at Siriraj Hospital between March and October 2016 were enrolled. Study group consisted of 105 teenage mothers and 210 adult mothers were served as a comparison group. Baseline characteristics, obstetric data, maternal and neonatal outcomes were extracted from medical records. Nipple length and diameter were measured. LATCH score was used to evaluate success in breastfeeding at day 3 postpartum, using score of ≥ 7 as a cut off. Comparisons of various characteristics were made between groups. Association between nipple characteristics and LATCH score were evaluated.
Results: Teenage mothers were significantly more likely to be underweight, working as a housewife, and have lower income. While gestational age at delivery was comparable, teenage mothers were significantly more likely to deliver vaginally. Birth weight were significantly lower among teenage mother. Nipples of teenage mothers were significantly shorter and narrower than adult mothers (7.3 ± 2.8 mm vs. 9.6 ± 2.8 mm, p < 0.001 and 13.5 ± 1.4 mm vs. 14.2 ± 1.8 mm, p = 0.002, respectively). At day 3 postpartum LATCH scores ≥ 7 were comparable between groups (58.1% vs. 55.2%, p = 0.631). Nipple length of ≥ 7 mm was significantly associated with success in breastfeeding at day 3 postpartum (LATCH score of ≥ 7) in both teenage (71% vs. 39.5%, p = 0.002) and adult (60.4% vs. 13%, p < 0.001) mothers.
Conclusion: Teenage nipples had significantly shorter and narrower than adult mothers. Pregnant women with nipple length of ≥ 7 mm on at least one side significantly increased the chance of success in breastfeeding at day 3 postpartum regardless of age group.
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References
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