The Relationship between Neonatal Birth Weight and Urinary Incontinence during the Late Third Trimester of Pregnancy
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Published:
Jul 1, 2021
Keywords:
Pregnancy Urinary incontinence Neonatal birth weight
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the association between neonatal birth weight and urinary incontinence
(UI) during the late third trimester of pregnancy in Thai women.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. One hundred termed singleton
pregnancies delivered at Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Centre
were enrolled. The data about UI was collected by using the Questionnaire for Urinary
Incontinence Diagnosis-THAI version (QUID-THAI version), asking the symptoms before
pregnancy and last 1 month before delivery. Prevalence rate ratio and chi-square test were
used to evaluate the association between UI and neonatal birth weight, as well as attributable
risks.
Results: Eighty and twenty delivered newborns weight less than 4000 grams and more than 4,000
grams, respectively, 35 women (35%) had symptoms of UI during pregnancy; 24 women (30%)
delivered neonatal weight less than 4,000 grams (group A) and 11 women (55%) delivered
neonatal weight more than 4,000 grams (group B). The prevalence of stress UI, urge UI and
mix UI were 17%, 4% and 14%, respectively. The prevalence of UI in group B was also more
than group A (prevalence rate ratio = 1.833, 95%Cl 1.091-3.080, p = 0.036). The neonatal birth
weight was the only risk factor that was statistically significant with overall UI in pregnancy.
However, pre-pregnancy maternal BMI, caffeine intake, occupation, previous route of delivery
and pelvic floor muscle exercise were not shown to be significant.
Conclusion: Neonatal birth weight was the only risk factor that associated with UI during the third
trimester of pregnancy. The prevalence of UI during pregnancy was 35%.
(UI) during the late third trimester of pregnancy in Thai women.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. One hundred termed singleton
pregnancies delivered at Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Centre
were enrolled. The data about UI was collected by using the Questionnaire for Urinary
Incontinence Diagnosis-THAI version (QUID-THAI version), asking the symptoms before
pregnancy and last 1 month before delivery. Prevalence rate ratio and chi-square test were
used to evaluate the association between UI and neonatal birth weight, as well as attributable
risks.
Results: Eighty and twenty delivered newborns weight less than 4000 grams and more than 4,000
grams, respectively, 35 women (35%) had symptoms of UI during pregnancy; 24 women (30%)
delivered neonatal weight less than 4,000 grams (group A) and 11 women (55%) delivered
neonatal weight more than 4,000 grams (group B). The prevalence of stress UI, urge UI and
mix UI were 17%, 4% and 14%, respectively. The prevalence of UI in group B was also more
than group A (prevalence rate ratio = 1.833, 95%Cl 1.091-3.080, p = 0.036). The neonatal birth
weight was the only risk factor that was statistically significant with overall UI in pregnancy.
However, pre-pregnancy maternal BMI, caffeine intake, occupation, previous route of delivery
and pelvic floor muscle exercise were not shown to be significant.
Conclusion: Neonatal birth weight was the only risk factor that associated with UI during the third
trimester of pregnancy. The prevalence of UI during pregnancy was 35%.
Article Details
How to Cite
(1)
Thotom, S.; Rodpenpear, N.; Wachasiddhisilpa, P. The Relationship Between Neonatal Birth Weight and Urinary Incontinence During the Late Third Trimester of Pregnancy. Thai J Obstet Gynaecol 2021, 29, 236-246.
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Original Article
References
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lower urinary tract dysfunction (ANLUTD). Gajewski JB, Schurch B, Hamid R, Averbeck M, Sakakibara R, Agrò EF, Dickinson T, Payne CK, Drake MJ, Haylen BT. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Mar;37(3):1152-1161. doi: 10.1002/nau.23397. Epub 2017 Nov 17.
2. Drake MJ. Fundamentals of terminology in lower urinary tract function. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37:S13–S9.
3. Lasserre A, Pelat C, Guéroult V, Hanslik T, Chartier-Kastler E, Blanchon T, et al. Urinary incontinence in French women: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on quality of life. Eur Urol. 2009;56:177-83.
4. Coyne KS, Kvasz M, Ireland AM, Milsom I, Kopp ZS, CR. C. Urinary incontinence and its relationship to mental health and health-related quality of life in men and women in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Eur Urol. 2012;61:88-95.
5. Sensoy N, Dogan N, Ozek B, L K. Urinary incontinence in women: prevalence rates, risk factors and impact on quality of life. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29:818-22.
6. Abdullah B, Ayub SH, Mohd Zahid AZ, Noorneza AR, Isa MR, PY. N. Urinary incontinence in primigravida: the neglected pregnancy predicament. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;198:110-5.
7. Sangsawang B, Sangsawang N. Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:901–12.
8. FitzGerald MP, S G. Anatomic and functional changes of the lower urinary tract during pregnancy. Urol Clin North Am. 2007;34:7-12.
9.Kim C, McEwen LN, Sarma AV, JD. P, WH. H. Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008;17:783-92.
10.Xu L-h. Prevalence and risk factors for peri- and postpartum urinary incontinence in primiparous women in China: a prospective longitudinal study. Int Urogynecol J. 2012;23:563-72.
11.Wesnes SL, Lose G. Preventing urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: a review. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:889–99
12.Janssen PA, Thiessen P, Klein MC, Whitfield MF, MacNab YC, Cullis-Kuhl SC. Standards for the measurement of birth weight, length and head circumference at term in neonates of European, Chinese and South Asian ancestry. Open Medicine. 2007;1:74-88.
13.Tanawattanacharoen S, Thongtawee S. Prevalence of urinary incontinence during the late third trimester and three months postpartum period in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai. 2013;96:144-9.
14.Srisukho S, Phongnarisorn C, Morakote N. validation of the questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis Thai version [quid-Thai version]. J Med Assoc Thai. 2018;101:1251-4.
15.Bradley CS, Rahn DD, Nygaard IE, Barber MD, Nager CW, Kenton KS, et al. The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID): Validity and Responsiveness to Change in Women Undergoing Non-Surgical Therapies for Treatment of Stress Predominant Urinary Incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29:726–33.
16.Bradley CS, Rovner ES, Morgan MA, Berlin M, Novi JM, Shea JA, et al. A new questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis in women: Development and testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:66-73.
17.Bernard R. Hypothesis testing:categorical data. In: Bernard R, editor. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 5th ed. California: uxbery Thomson Learning. 2000:384-5.
18.Wesnes SL, Rortveit G, Bø K, Hunskaar S. Urinary Incontinence During Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:922–8.
19.Brown SJ, Donath S, MacArthur C, McDonald EA, Krastev AH. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21:193–202.
20.El-Sokkary M WK, El-Shahawy Y, Fathy H, El-Shourbagy M, Raouf R. Relationship between female urinary incontinence and mode of delivery. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. Res. 2015;2:188-98.
21.Jura YH, Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. Caffeine intake and risk of stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. J Urol. 2011;185:1775–80.
22.Sun S, Liu D, Jiao Z. Coffee and caffeine intake and risk of urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Urol. 2016;16:61.
23.Subak LL, Richter HE, Hunskaar S. Obesity and urinary incontinence: epidemiology and clinical research update. J Urol. 2009;182:S2–S7.
24.Hojberg KE, Salvig JD, Winslgw NA, Lose G, Secher NJ. Urinary incontinence: prevalence and risk factors at 16 week of gestation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999;106:842-50.
25.Scarpa KP, Herrmann V, Palma PCR, Riccetto CLZ, Morais SS. Prevalence and correlates of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy: a survey at UNICAMP Medical School, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. Int Urogynecol J. 2006;17:219–23.
26.Nigam A, Ahmad A, Gaur D, Elahi AA, Batr S. Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in pregnant women during late third trimester. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016;5:2187-91.
27.Thom DH, Brown JS, Schembri M, Ragins AI, Creasman JM, Eeden SKVD. Parturition Events and Risk of Urinary Incontinence in Later Life. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011;30:1456–61.
28.Kılıç M. Incidence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in women visiting family health centers. Springerplus. 2016;5:1331.
29.King JK, Freeman RM. Is antenatal bladder neck mobility a risk factor for postpartum stress incontinence?. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998;105:1300-7.
30.Schytt E, Lindmark G, Waldenstro m U. Symptoms of stress incontinence 1 year after childbirth: prevalence and predictors in a national Swedish sample. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004;83:928-36.
31.Liang CC, Wu MP, Lin SJ, Lin YJ, Chang SD, Wang HH. Clinical impact of and contributing factors to urinary incontinence in women 5 years after first delivery. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:99–104.
lower urinary tract dysfunction (ANLUTD). Gajewski JB, Schurch B, Hamid R, Averbeck M, Sakakibara R, Agrò EF, Dickinson T, Payne CK, Drake MJ, Haylen BT. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Mar;37(3):1152-1161. doi: 10.1002/nau.23397. Epub 2017 Nov 17.
2. Drake MJ. Fundamentals of terminology in lower urinary tract function. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37:S13–S9.
3. Lasserre A, Pelat C, Guéroult V, Hanslik T, Chartier-Kastler E, Blanchon T, et al. Urinary incontinence in French women: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on quality of life. Eur Urol. 2009;56:177-83.
4. Coyne KS, Kvasz M, Ireland AM, Milsom I, Kopp ZS, CR. C. Urinary incontinence and its relationship to mental health and health-related quality of life in men and women in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Eur Urol. 2012;61:88-95.
5. Sensoy N, Dogan N, Ozek B, L K. Urinary incontinence in women: prevalence rates, risk factors and impact on quality of life. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29:818-22.
6. Abdullah B, Ayub SH, Mohd Zahid AZ, Noorneza AR, Isa MR, PY. N. Urinary incontinence in primigravida: the neglected pregnancy predicament. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;198:110-5.
7. Sangsawang B, Sangsawang N. Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:901–12.
8. FitzGerald MP, S G. Anatomic and functional changes of the lower urinary tract during pregnancy. Urol Clin North Am. 2007;34:7-12.
9.Kim C, McEwen LN, Sarma AV, JD. P, WH. H. Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008;17:783-92.
10.Xu L-h. Prevalence and risk factors for peri- and postpartum urinary incontinence in primiparous women in China: a prospective longitudinal study. Int Urogynecol J. 2012;23:563-72.
11.Wesnes SL, Lose G. Preventing urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: a review. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:889–99
12.Janssen PA, Thiessen P, Klein MC, Whitfield MF, MacNab YC, Cullis-Kuhl SC. Standards for the measurement of birth weight, length and head circumference at term in neonates of European, Chinese and South Asian ancestry. Open Medicine. 2007;1:74-88.
13.Tanawattanacharoen S, Thongtawee S. Prevalence of urinary incontinence during the late third trimester and three months postpartum period in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai. 2013;96:144-9.
14.Srisukho S, Phongnarisorn C, Morakote N. validation of the questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis Thai version [quid-Thai version]. J Med Assoc Thai. 2018;101:1251-4.
15.Bradley CS, Rahn DD, Nygaard IE, Barber MD, Nager CW, Kenton KS, et al. The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID): Validity and Responsiveness to Change in Women Undergoing Non-Surgical Therapies for Treatment of Stress Predominant Urinary Incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29:726–33.
16.Bradley CS, Rovner ES, Morgan MA, Berlin M, Novi JM, Shea JA, et al. A new questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis in women: Development and testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:66-73.
17.Bernard R. Hypothesis testing:categorical data. In: Bernard R, editor. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 5th ed. California: uxbery Thomson Learning. 2000:384-5.
18.Wesnes SL, Rortveit G, Bø K, Hunskaar S. Urinary Incontinence During Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:922–8.
19.Brown SJ, Donath S, MacArthur C, McDonald EA, Krastev AH. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21:193–202.
20.El-Sokkary M WK, El-Shahawy Y, Fathy H, El-Shourbagy M, Raouf R. Relationship between female urinary incontinence and mode of delivery. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. Res. 2015;2:188-98.
21.Jura YH, Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. Caffeine intake and risk of stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. J Urol. 2011;185:1775–80.
22.Sun S, Liu D, Jiao Z. Coffee and caffeine intake and risk of urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Urol. 2016;16:61.
23.Subak LL, Richter HE, Hunskaar S. Obesity and urinary incontinence: epidemiology and clinical research update. J Urol. 2009;182:S2–S7.
24.Hojberg KE, Salvig JD, Winslgw NA, Lose G, Secher NJ. Urinary incontinence: prevalence and risk factors at 16 week of gestation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999;106:842-50.
25.Scarpa KP, Herrmann V, Palma PCR, Riccetto CLZ, Morais SS. Prevalence and correlates of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy: a survey at UNICAMP Medical School, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. Int Urogynecol J. 2006;17:219–23.
26.Nigam A, Ahmad A, Gaur D, Elahi AA, Batr S. Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in pregnant women during late third trimester. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016;5:2187-91.
27.Thom DH, Brown JS, Schembri M, Ragins AI, Creasman JM, Eeden SKVD. Parturition Events and Risk of Urinary Incontinence in Later Life. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011;30:1456–61.
28.Kılıç M. Incidence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in women visiting family health centers. Springerplus. 2016;5:1331.
29.King JK, Freeman RM. Is antenatal bladder neck mobility a risk factor for postpartum stress incontinence?. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998;105:1300-7.
30.Schytt E, Lindmark G, Waldenstro m U. Symptoms of stress incontinence 1 year after childbirth: prevalence and predictors in a national Swedish sample. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004;83:928-36.
31.Liang CC, Wu MP, Lin SJ, Lin YJ, Chang SD, Wang HH. Clinical impact of and contributing factors to urinary incontinence in women 5 years after first delivery. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:99–104.