Waist Circumference at 18 weeks of Gestation as a Predictor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Normal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index
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Abstract
Objectives: This work aimed to investigate the predictability of waist circumference (WC) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).
Materials and Methods: A total of 230 pregnant women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI were enrolled. WC was measured at 18 weeks of gestation. The women were divided into two groups: WC < 80 and ≥ 80 cm. Each group was provided with information about the risk factors for GDM. All women had a blood sample taken for the 50-grams glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. If a sample was abnormal, it was followed by the 100-grams oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Results: Women in the WC ≥ 80 cm group were significantly older in age, multiparous, and had a higher BMI and percentage distribution for GDM. Women with WC ≥ 80 cm tended to have an increased risk for GDM (Odds ratio (OR) 3.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31-10.53, p = 0.014). However, after multivariate regression, adjustment by advanced maternal age (AMA), first degree relative with diabetes, history of giving birth to fetal anomaly, weight gain, pre-pregnancy BMI and multiparous found no statistical significance (OR 3.50, 95%CI 0.93-13.20, p = 0.064). WC ≥ 82 cm was the new termination point with higher sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.
Conclusion: WC ≥ 80 cm was found to increase the risk for predicting GDM in univariate analysis. After multivariate analysis, WC ≥ 80 cm tended to increase risk, through there was no statistical significance. Future studies with large population should be performed.
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